living on water. water villages on borneo
DESCRIPTION
Climate Change and sea level rise will increase population pressure, especially in urban areas. Living in water villages (kampung ayer) is a long practice in Borneo, This may provide valuable knowledge for the furture. Results of our explorative study show location and extent of Borneo's water villages.TRANSCRIPT
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Living on Water in Borneo
Prof. Dr. Hans-Dieter Evers
Borneo Studies Network Inaugural Meeting and Workshop
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Climate Change 2013
WORKING GROUP I CONTRIBUTION TO THE IPCC FIFTH ASSESSMENT REPORT CLIMATE CHANGE 2013: THE PHYSICAL SCIENCE BASIS - Final Draft Underlying Scientific-Technical Assessment
“it is virtually certain that the rate of global mean sea level rise has accelerated during the last two centuries” (p. 122)
Confidential – This document is being made available in preparation of WGI-12 only and should not be cited, quoted, or distributed
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Climat Change and Sea Level Rise
• Global warming will have dramatic effect– Warming of ocean temperature– Melting of glaciers and polar cap
• Results: Sea level will rise– During 21st century sea level will rise 18 to 59cm
(IPPC 2007), recent estimate 56 to 200cm, highest estimate 4 to 6 m!
– Increase of „extremes“ is expected
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Predicted Sea Level Rise,
East and Southeast Asia
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Effects of Sea Level RiseBrunei Darussalam
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Consequences of Sea Level Rise
Megacity Population DensityTokyo-Yokohama 37,239,000 4400Jakarta-Jabotabek 26,746,000 9600Soel-Incheo 22,868,000 10600Metro Manila 21,241,000 14800
Sea levels rises, land disappears: • increased population density • rising land prices especially in urban areas
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Policies to deal with Sea Level Rise (and rapid Urbanisation)
• (A) Hydraulic waterworks: canals and dykes• (B) Land reclamation• (C) Living on water
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(A) Dykes and CanalsMekong Delta
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(B) Land ReclamationSingapore
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Living on Reclaimed Land:Straits Quay, Seri Tanjung Pinang
Penang, Malaysia
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(C) Living on Water
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Living on Water
• Waterfront development – a new idea?• Living on water – an idea for the future?
Archeological reconstruction of a Neolitic settlement, 4000 BC to 850 BC Unteruhlingen, Lake Constance, Germany
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Living on Water 2013
Kp Ayer - Brunei Darussalam
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Living on Watera research agenda for Borneo
There are more than 300 water settlements (kampung ayer) on Borneo
• They are settlements of historical importance• They are architecturally interesting• They are examples of Malay hydro-technology• They are repositories of local knowledge• They are focal points of popular culture• They provide local knowledge for future „living on
water“• They are local Bornean reaction to climate change and
sea level rise
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Labuan
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Brunei - Bolkiah AModern Water Village
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Research AgendaWater Villages (Kp Ayer) on Borneo• The long history of „living on water“ has
ackumulated local knowledge• This knowledge could be a basis for modern
seafront/water settlements• Proposal: Comparative study of water villages
around Borneo island• Phase 1: identify, classify and measure all water
villages around Borneo• Phase 2: develop a template for the study of
individual Kampung Ayer and start field research
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Preliminary Results
• We identified 84 major water villages (Kp Ayer) on Borneo
• Water villages occupy a total area of 24.52 sqkm
• An estimated number of 43,025 houses and 215,000 people live in water villages around Borneo
Source: Hans-Dieter Evers and Khairi Latif, preliminary GIS data collection based on Google Earth, IAS-UBD 2013
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StateKp Ayer
sqkm
Brunei Darussalam 2,2
Kalimantan Tengah 2,0
Kalimantan Timur 6,4
Kalimantan Selatan 6,7
Kalimantan Barat 1,1
Sabah 5,8
Sarawak 0,4
Total 24,5
Brunei Darussalam9%
Kalimantan Tengah
8%
Kalimantan Timur26%
Kalimantan Selatan
27%
Kalimantan Barat
4%
Sabah24%
Sarawak2%
Kp Ayer area in sqkm
Estimated Areas of Kp Ayer
Source: Hans-Dieter Evers and Khairi Latif, preliminary GIS data collection based on Google Earth, IAS-UBD 2013
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Source: Hans-Dieter Evers and Khairi Latif, preliminary GIS data collection based on Google Earth, IAS-UBD 2013
Distribution of Kp AyerBorneo 2013
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Source: Hans-Dieter Evers and Khairi Latif, preliminary GIS data collection based on Google Earth, IAS-UBD 2013
Distribution of Kp AyerBorneo 2013
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Modern Living on WaterPontianak? Samarinda? Kuching?
Palm Island Dubai
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Terima kaseh atas perhatian auda
Brunei Darussalam