Living Organisms:

Structure and Function

The Big Question

What is the relationship between the structure and function of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems in an organism?

Living OrganismsStructure and Function

A group of cells working together to perform a specific function form

TISSUES

A group of tissues working together to perform a specific function form

ORGANS

A group of organs working together to perform a specific function form

ORGAN SYSTEMS

A group of organ systems working together to maintain a stable, internal environment form

ORGANISMS

Tissues

A group of similar cells working together form tissues.

Tissues are more complex than cells. Types of tissues are:

Epithelial (skin, hair, fingernails) Connective (bone, blood, cartilage) Nerve

(brain, spinal cord, nerves) Muscle (limbs, heart, stomach)

Structure and Function in Epithelial Tissue

StructureCells in epithelial tissue are tightly packed together.

Epithelial tissue covers all body surfaces, lines body cavities and hollow organs.

FunctionProtection, secretion, absorption, excretion, and sensory reception.

How Do You Think the Structure of Epithelial Tissue

Contributes to the Function?

Structure and Function in Connective Tissue

Structure Cells in connective tissue can be: hard and spongy (bone) small, flexible and rounded (blood) smooth & slippery (cartilage) stringy &elastic (ligaments/tendons) Function Support, cushion and protect body and organs

Transport substances

Connect 1 tissue to another

How Do You Think the Structure of Connective

Tissue Contributes to the Function?

Structure and Function in Muscle Tissue

Structure: Skeletal muscle fibers are cylindrical and striated – voluntary

(arms, legs) Cardiac muscle fibers are branched and striated – involuntary

(heart) Smooth muscle fibers are spindle shaped and non-striated –

involuntary

(stomach)

Function Muscle tissue is composed of cells that have the special ability to

shorten or contract in order to produce movement of the parts of the body.

How Do You Think the Structure of Muscle

Tissue Contributes to the Function?

Structure and Function in Nerve Tissue

Structure Elongated cells with branches at the ends

Found in brain, spinal cord and nerves

Function To deliver a message to the next nerve cell in order to

transmit information across the body Responsible for coordinating and controlling many body

activities Messages delivered by electrical impulses

How Do You Think the Structure of Nerve

Tissue Contributes to the Function?

Organs Two or more tissues working together form an organ Organs are more complex than tissues. Examples of Organs

Heart

Stomach

Lungs

Structure and Function in the Heart

StructureMade of cardiac muscle Contains 4 chambers and 2 one-way valvesOxygen poor blood enters the right side of the heart, oxygen rich blood leaves the left side of the heart

FunctionTo pump blood throughout the body

How Do You Think the Structure of the Heart

Contributes to the Function?

Structure and Function in the Stomach

Structure Made of layers of smooth muscle Hollow organ that connect to the esophagus and to the small intestine Valves at each connection

Function To process and transport food

How Do You Think the Structure of the Stomach

Contributes to the Function?

Structure and Function in the Lungs

Structure Made of 2 spongy lobes Made of increasingly smaller branches off the trachea, ending in small, thin air sacs called alveoli

Function Responsible for the exchange of O2 and CO2

How Do You Think the Structure of the Lungs

Contributes to the Function?

Organ Systems Organs that work together form an organ system. Organ systems are the most complex. An organ system perform complex functions for the

organism. There are 11 organ systems in the human body – Can you

name them?

Organ Systems

IntegumentaryIncludes skin, hair and nails

MuscularIncludes all the muscles throughout your body

Skeletal Includes bones and connective tissue

CardiovascularIncludes heart, blood and blood vessels

RespiratoryIncludes nose, throat, lungs and passageways

UrinaryIncludes kidneys and bladder

Reproductive Includes ovaries, uterus, and testes

NervousIncludes brain, spinal cord and nerves

DigestiveIncludes salivary glands, esophagus,stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, intestines

LymphaticIncludes thymus gland, spleen, bonemarrow, tonsils, lymph nodes andlymph vessels

Endocrine Includes pancreas, thyroid, ovaries, testes

and adrenal gland

The 11 organ systems in the human body are

Organ Systems

Choose an organ system and explain how you think the structure contributes to its function

What is the relationship between the structure and function of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems in an organism?

The question again? (repetition is good!)

What is the relationship between the structure and function of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems in an organism?

The Big Answer!

Organism

Organ Systems

Organs

Tissues

Cells

Any Questions