living systems chapter three: classifying living things 3.1 types of living things 3.2 dichotomous...
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Living Systems
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Chapter Three: Classifying Living Things
• 3.1 Types of Living Things
• 3.2 Dichotomous Keys
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3.1 Types of living things• Living things are
classified by similar characteristics.
• Each different type of organism is called a species.
• It is estimated that there are over ten million different species on Earth.
All of the same kind of dust mite are members of a single species.
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3.1 Classifying life
• One system of classification groups all living things into one of six kingdoms:
• Fungi
• Plantae
•Animalia
•Archaebacteria
• Eubacteria
• Protista
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3.1 Classifying life
• To classify a living thing into one of the kingdoms, scientists ask 3 questions:
1. Does it have prokaryotic (simple) cells or eukaryotic (complex) cells?
2. Is it single-celled (one-celled) or multicellular (many-celled)?
3. Does it get energy by making its own food (as a producer) or by getting food from other organisms (as a consumer)?
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3.1 Two kingdoms of bacteria
• Bacteria are the simplest of all living things.
• They are single-celled organisms and their cells do not have a nucleus.
• Some bacteria can produce their own food.
• Others break down food and absorb it.
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria
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3.1 Protists• Members of the
Kingdom Protista are called protists.
• Protists are an odd group of organisms because they have many different characteristics.
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3.1 Fungi• Fungi are important because they break down
rotting things and return the nutrients to the soil.• Kingdom Fungi includes the fungi, mushrooms,
molds, and yeasts.
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3.1 Plants• The Kingdom Plantae is made up of multicellular
organisms whose cells have a nucleus.• In photosynthesis, plants convert energy from the
sun and store it in the form of molecules.
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3.1 Animals• Animals are multicellular organisms with cells that
have a nucleus.• Beetles, worms, snakes, and birds are classified
into the Kingdom Animalia.
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3.1 Plant and Animal kingdomscompared
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3.1 Classifying life
• Taxonomy is the process of identifying and classifying living things.
• A Swedish scientist and explorer named Carolus Linnaeus (1707–1778) developed a system of classification in the 1700s.
• There are currently seven levels of classification.
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3.1 Levels of classification
• Organisms with shared characteristics are grouped together.
• What characteristic do these organisms share?
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3.1 Levels of classification• For animals, the levels of classification are:
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
•At what level are these two animals classified differently?
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3.1 Scientific Names
• A scientific name is the two-part, scientifically recognized name given to an organism, consisting of its genus and species.
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3.1 Scientific Names• You may have a
difficult time understanding scientific names because they are usually in Latin or Greek.
• Felis is Latin for “cat” and domesticus is Latin for “domesticated.”