living(biotic) - organisms must have all 7 characteristics of life(living and dead)....
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Living(BIOTIC) - organisms must have all 7 characteristics of life(living and dead).
Nonliving(ABIOTIC) - things do not have all 7 characteristics.
Dead – organism once had the 7 characteristics of life but now doesn’t. It is Considered to be LIVING!!!!
How would you know if this is living?
Yeast
• The tiny, rounded, colorless one-celled fungus called yeast floats through the air everywhere, but it is responsible for making all our cakes and breads rise to a nice, fluffy texture. This happens because yeast creates chemical reactions on the starch and sugar in the cake or bread batter. Here’s how it works.
• Yeast cells reproduce very rapidly no matter where they are. This reproduction goes on through a process called budding. In budding, each tiny cell swells, and soon the swollen part separates from the main cell. The new tiny cell then goes on to grow to full size on its own and the budding process continues to repeat itself.
• During this growth process, the yeast cells produce substances called enzymes. So when the yeast is added to cake or bread dough, one enzyme goes to work on the flour, changing the starch in it into sugar.
• Another enzyme then takes over and changes the sugar into alcohol and a gas called carbon dioxide. This gas spreads through the dough in the form of bubbles.
• As the dough bakes into bread and cake, the heat causes the alcohol to evaporate and the bubbles to break. This leaves the tiny air pockets in the final bread or cake, making it light and fluffy.
Yeast and Fungus kingdom• Not Plants – produce enzymes that digest
their food outside their bodies.
• Some are parasites/
• Cell walls – contain chitin
• Fungi are heterotrophic eukaryotic with cells walls that contains chitin.
Fungi Structure2 basic structures
1. Yeast – singled celled
2. Mushroom – multi - celled that grow much larger with hyphae
Reproduction of FungusFungus can reproduce sexual and asexual
Spores(asexual) – Spores are just reproductive cells.
Sexual – Sperm and egg combine to form a zygote.
Roles in Ecosystem1. Decomposer – break down plant material.
2. Parasite – Infect plants and animals(ringworm).
3. Animal disease
4. Lichens – Mutualistic relationship between a photsynthetic organism and a fungus. Plant makes the energy and fungus breaks down the nutrients in the environment and they share.
HYDRA!!
Daphnia – Hydra Food
ABIOTIC FACTORS
•Water•Rocks•Air•Disease•Fire•Natural Disasters
BIOTIC FACTORS
•TREES•GRASS•PREDATORS•HUMANS
Cells, reproduction, adaptations, DNA, responds to a stimulus, grow and development, and energy
Bacteria ReproductionVideo
Characteristics of Life!!!!!!
ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE OF CELLS or ORGANIZED CELLS
Unicellular organisms makeup most of all organisms on Earths.
They have everything they need to be self-sufficient.
UNICELLULAR(single) MULITCELLULAR
Many cells
Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic
• Eukaryotic – Nucleus all other kingdoms!!!!
• Prokaryotic – No nucleus – all bacteria
Prokaryotic Cell
Eukaryotic Cell
Unicellular – one celled
Multi-cellular
In multi-cellular organisms, the cells specialize to perform specific functions(bone cells, skin cells, muscle cells, root cells, leaf
cells).
Smooth muscleNerve cell Leaf cell Red Blood Cell
Yeast cell
ALL LIVING THINGS MAKE AND USE ENERGY
The SUN is the main source of energy!!!
The Sun makes light that is used by plants!!!!!!What is the name of this process?
Plants(producers) trap the energy of the Sun and make glucose(sugar) in the
process called photosynthesis).
Consumers(animals) get their energy from the plants!!!!
Autotrophs(producers) – use the Sun’s energy to make glucose!! Produce their own food!
Photosynthesis – process where plants convert Sun’s energy and carbon dioxide into glucose
Heterotrophs(consumers) – must consumer food for energy!
ALL LIVING THINGS RESPOND TO A STIMULI
Living things respond to immediate and long-term changes in their
environment(shiver when cold, change fur color, bend toward light).
Stimulus – something in organism’s environment that causes a response
Homeostasis• Constant internal and external
physical and chemical conditions that organisms must maintain. Everything is happy!! Goldilocks – Just Right!!!
ALL LIVING THINGS REPRODUCE
Reproduction must occur for a species to survive.
Reproduction can be either sexual or asexual.
Asexual Reproduction – NO joining of sperm and egg!!!!
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
1. Budding – Hydra and Sponge2. Fragmentation - Starfish
3. Binary Fission – unicellular organisms4. Vegatative Propagation- runners on
strawberry plants.5. Spores – mushrooms(reproductive
cells)
5 Types of Reproduction
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Sexual reproduction – combination of sperm and egg
ALL LIVING THINGS GROW AND DEVELOP
To grow means to get bigger and to get bigger; more cells must be added.
To increase numbers of cells, cell division must occur.
Develop means to change into an adult(mature).
Growth – Organism get larger by adding cells and cellular material
Development - mature
ALL LIVING THINGS CHANGE TO FIT THEIR
ENVIRONMENT(ADAPT)
Organisms must adapt to their changing environment or become extinct.
Adaptations occur over a very long period of time(millions of years).
Adaptation – Inherited trait that is passed from parent to offspring that helps an organism survive in its environment
Name some the adaptations of these organisms.
ALL LIVING THINGS HAVE DNA.
DNA provides instructions for making molecules called proteins. Proteins build cells.
DNA carries the genetic material from parent to offspring(heredity).
DNA – molecule that stores genetic information
LET”S PRACTICE!!!Which characteristics of life is being described?
Reproduction Cells Adaptation
Responses Energy
Grow and develop