lo: swbat explain how protein shape is determined and differentiate between the different types of...
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![Page 1: LO: SWBAT explain how protein shape is determined and differentiate between the different types of mutations. DN: h/0 protein synthesis HW: Read pp 307-308#](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f4e5503460f94c6ffc3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
LO: SWBAT explain how protein shape is determined and differentiate between the different types of mutations.
DN: h/0 protein synthesis
HW: Read pp 307-308# 1-5
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HW: page 306 #1-51. Types of RNA: mRNA, tRNA2. Transcription: mRNA makes a copy of DNA in the
nucleus3. Translation: tRNA reads mRNA codons (3 bases) and
brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome4. Sugar: DNA= deoxribose, RNA= ribose Bases: DNA has T and RNA has U DNA: double stranded, RNA: single stranded5. UGG CAG UGC Try Glu Cys
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HormoneAll are proteins with a specific shape that determines their function.
What do enzymes, antibodies, hormones, hemoglobin and membrane proteins have
in common?
AntibodiesHemoglobin
Enzymes
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What determines a protein’s Shape?
A protein’s shape is determined by its sequence of amino acids.
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What happens after translation of the genetic code?
Proteins do not remain as single strands of amino acids, rather the amino acids chain gets folded into a specific shape. This shape is determined by the ORDER of the amino acids in the chain.
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Protein Shape:1) The DNA base sequence (order) determines the sequence of amino acids.
2) The sequence (order) of amino acids in a protein determine its shape.
3) The shape of a protein determines its activity.
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Transcription & Translation:The processes of transcription and translation, lead to the final shape of a protein. Therefore it is the genetic code: DNA base sequence that ultimately determine a protein’s sequence of amino acids.
A – T U
C – G G Tryptophan
C – G G
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Mutations
Mutations (changes in the genetic code) that can lead to changes in the amino acid
sequence and ultimately to the overall shape of the protein. Why?
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What causes mutations errors in DNA replication?
• Chemicals
• UV Radiation
• X-Ray radiation
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Mutated Proteins
It changes the amino acids sequence which determines protein shape
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How does a mutated protein affect a cell?
•The mutated protein may have a different shape and disrupt its normal activity.
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Types of Mutation
• Substitution
• Deletion
• Insertion
• Inversion
Original DNA Strand
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Copy the Normal DNA Strand:
DNA CCT CAA GAT GCG
RNA
AA Sequence
GGA GUU CUA CGC
Gly – Val – Leu - Arg
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Substitution• Substitution – One nitrogenous base is substituted for another.
DNA CCC CAA GAT GCG
RNA GGG GUU CUA CGC
Amino Gly - Val - Leu - Arg
acid
DNA CCT CAA GAT GCG
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Deletion
• One nitrogenous base is deleted (removed).
DNA CTC AAG ATG CGmRNA GAG UUC UAC GCAmino Glu - Ala - Tyr- acid
DNA CCT CAA GAT GCG
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Insertion (Addition)• Insertion – Extra nitrogenous bases are
added to the genetic code.
DNA CCT CTA AGA TGC G
mRNA GGA GAU UCU ACG C
Amino Gly - Asp - Ser - Thr -
acid
DNA CCT CAA GAT GCG
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Inversion• Inversion – The genetic code is
inverted or reversed.
DNA CCT CAA TAG GCGmRNA GGA GUU AUC CGCAmino Gly - Val – Iso - Argacid
DNA CCT CAA GAT GCG
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Sickle Cell Anemia
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Point mutation
A change in ONE nitrogenous base, the overall number of bases stays the same
(Substitution or Inversion)
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Frame shift mutation
A change in the number of overall nitrogenous bases in the genetic code
(Addition or Deletion)
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What type of mutation is it?
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