local water quality and watersheds raccoon river & des ......raccoon river nitrate raccoon river...
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![Page 1: Local Water Quality and Watersheds Raccoon River & Des ......Raccoon River Nitrate Raccoon River Ave Monthly Concentration 1974-2007 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f8436fc734ec87cf519b15b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Local Water Quality and Watersheds
Raccoon River & Des Moines River
Watersheds
Hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico: Implications and
Strategies for Iowa
October 16, 2008
Ames, Iowa
Chris Jones and Roger Wolf
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Finished Water Nitrate: Fleur Drive
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1931
1935
1939
1943
1947
1951
1955
1959
1963
1967
1971
1975
1979
1983
1987
1991
1995
1999
2003
2007
mg/
L as
N
Fleur Drive Plant Finished Water Nitrate-N
1958: 1st year
over 1 mg/L
1969: 1st year
over 1 mg/L
1979: problem emerges,
8.2 mg/L average
1992: Removal
begins1999: Maffitt
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Raccoon River NitrateRaccoon River Ave Monthly Concentration 1974-2007
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
1
18
35
52
69
86
103
120
137
154
171
188
205
222
239
256
273
290
307
324
341
358
375
392
mg
/L a
s N
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Des Moines River NitrateDes Moines River Average Monthly Nitrate-N 1974-2007
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
1 20 39 58 77 96 115 134 153 172 191 210 229 248 267 286 305 324 343 362 381 400
mg
/l a
s N
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Ion Exchange Nitrate Removal
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What to do?
• Non-point source origins
• No stream standards
• No nutrient criteria
• No comprehensive plan to address
• Source water impairment
• Data upstream lacking
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History DMWW – ACWA Collaboration
• DMWW Initiated Water Sampling Program in 1999 with
EPA grant
• Ag retailers and service providers in the Raccoon River
watershed meet with DMWW
• Organized ACWA as 501c3 in 2000
• In 2008 expanded membership into Des Moines River
watershed.
• Sell and apply most of the nutrients used on cropland in
the watersheds.
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History ACWA• Mission: To reduce the nutrient loss – specifically nitrate – from
farm fields and to keep the nutrients from entering the Raccoon
and Des Moines River’s and connecting tributaries
• Annual assessment based on amount of Nitrogen fertilizer sold
previous year for application in watersheds
• Funding supports annual work plan approved by ACWA Board
• ACWA management is provided under contract with Association
Insight a subsidiary of Iowa Soybean Association
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ACWA Objectives
• Be credible source of data regarding
nutrients entering the rivers.
• Establish ACWA as a bridge between
science and its application on the
land.
• Apply “best management practices” to
encourage
– Sound economics
– Strong environmental stewardship
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• To know:
– the condition of the watershed
– characterization of the
problems and priorities – i.e..
location, extent, pathway, fate
– if strategies are effective
• We need:
– action based on what we learn
– dependable, systematic,
credible and responsive
monitoring and surveillance
Objectives ACWA –
DMWW Collaboration
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Types of Monitoring• Refined Ambient / Certified Sampling
– Nitrate and Bacteria
• Real-time Remote Monitoring
• Investigative Monitoring
– Ammonia
– Cyanobacteria
• Effectiveness and Special Project Monitoring
– Bioreactors
– Event-triggered monitoring
– Paired micro-watershed studies (Lyons Creek)
– PPCPs
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What Did We Uncover?
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What did we uncover?
Watersheds with resource concerns:
• Outlet Creek
• Elk Run Creek
• Brushy Creek
• West Buttrick Creek
• Boone River
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Real Time Monitoring
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Probe
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VM Nitrate vs SRR flow and NRR flow
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4/1/200
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4/8/200
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/200
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/200
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/200
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/200
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5/27
/200
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6/3/200
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6/10
/200
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6/17
/200
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6/24
/200
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7/1/200
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/200
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/200
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/200
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/200
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8/19
/200
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/200
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cfs
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mg
/L
South Raccoon North Raccoon VM Nitrate
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What Actions Did We Take?
• Targeted watershed projects
• Special projects
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Brushy Creek
• Two year study of Bacteria sources/fate/transport
with Des Moines Water Works and the IDNR
• Contract with Iowa Soybean Association
• Sampling during flow events. 10 – 15 samples
per week
• Identified hotspots and site specific problems
• Led to local meetings and additional focus for
targeted solutions
• Also illustrated significant challenges with
understanding sources and in-stream dynamics
• DMWW leads WIRB grant approved 2008
• Will work with multiple local partners
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Iowa Soybean Association Environmental Programs
• Objective: Advance agricultural leadership for environmental quality by developing, applying, and promoting programs that assist producers to perform agronomically and economically.
West Buttrick Creek
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Actions taken –1) Cooperative project initiated with public and
private partners
2) Completion of Area Wide Plan; implementation of water monitoring plan
3) NRCS programs - additional funding provided for 50 individual nutrient and pests mgmt. plans, RMS planning
4) ISA mgmt. evaluation (guided stalk sampling & strip trials since 2002).
West Buttrick Creek
Resource concern -1) Water quality (nitrate, pesticide,
livestock runoff, lack of nutrient and pest mgmt. plans)
2) Soil quality (sheet, gully, and streambank erosion)
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Response –
1) Greene SWCD / NRCS - 50+ nutrient mgmt.
plans; 65+ pest mgmt. plans; 50+ RMS
plans
2) ISA has worked with 50+ growers (approx.
2/3 of watershed) on mgmt. evaluation
3) Farmers fine tuning nutrient management
beyond recommendations
West Buttrick Creek
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Status / outlook1) Area Wide plan implemented – ready for
update
2) Nitrate reductions observed, but could be
weather related
3) Additional mgmt and conservation efforts are
needed beyond just nutrient mgmt.
4) IDALS – Greene SWCD /NRCS installed
CREP wetland in 2007
5) ACWA and Sand County Foundation
supported Bioreactor installation in 2008 –
effectiveness monitoring underway
West Buttrick Creek
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Boone River Watershed
Water Monitoring
• Multi-partnership effort
• 30 Sampling locations; HUC 12 Scale
• Nutrients and Bacteria
• Target “hot spots” – Priority watersheds
• Establish baseline; target priority issues
• Roll water monitoring into ACWA DSM River
water monitoring
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Boone River: Priority Sub Watershed
ISA Nitrogen management evaluation:
2004 corn stalk sampling – 28 growers; 245
samples collected
2005 corn stalk sampling – 31 growers; 318
samples collected
33 On-Farm demo trials (commercial & manure)
2006 corn stalk sampling – 55 growers; 440
samples collected
50+ On-Farm demonstration trials
2007 corn stalk sampling – 56 growers; 466
samples collected
Watershed Planning & Implementation –Multi-partnership effort; sub-watersheds identified
(Prairie Rivers RC&D, Hamilton SWCD, TNC,
CARD, ISU)
Funding – USEPA, Altria, Pioneer, Soybean
Checkoff, Leopold Center, ACWA, IDALS, DNR
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2006 Corn Stalk Nitrate Analysis (Boone River) :
Comparison Between Growers
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Grower
Nit
rate
(p
pm
N)
Stalk Samples
Optim
al
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Boone River – Rapid Watershed Assessment
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Make Decisions5. Develop alternatives6. Evaluate alternatives
7. Make decisions
Know the Planning Area1. Identify resource concerns
2. Determine objectives
3. Conduct inventories
4. Analyze resource data
Implement &
Evaluate8. Implement the plan9. Evaluate the plan
Phase I
Phase IIIPhase II
Planning Process - Area Wide Plans;
Watershed Assessments - Action
• Boone River RWA &
TNC’s Conservation Action
Plan
• Lyons Creek – Paired
Watershed Study
• ISA Conservation
Innovation Grant
• Proposal to conduct
Market-based feasibility
study
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Lyons Creek Paired Watershed Study
• 600 – 1,100 acres
• Two treatment; one control
• Calibration – year 1
• Partnering with TNC, Iowa GSB, others
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Lyons Creek Paired Watershed Study
• Collaborating with UHL
• Better understand nutrient dynamics in tile
drainage system
• Evaluate effectiveness of conservation
practices to reduce non-point source loads
• Existing drainage districts
• Working relationship with landowners;
willingness to implement
• Management change – nutrient management,
cover crops, strip tillage, other
• Multiple years
• Multiple grants to support
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Nitrate not the only problem
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Thank You
Discussion / Questions