locomotion and movement

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LOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT Skeletal system- AXIAL SKELETON

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Page 1: Locomotion and movement

LOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT

Skeletal system- AXIAL SKELETON

Page 2: Locomotion and movement

Skeletal system• Skeletal system consists of a framework of bones and a few

cartilages• Bone and cartilage are specialized connective tissues.• Bone has a very hard matrix due to calcium salts in it• Cartilage has slightly pliable matrix due to chondroitin salts.• In human beings, skeletal system is made up of 206 bones

and a few cartilages.

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Axial Skeleton

Appendicular skeleton

Skeletal System

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Axial Skeleton1. Comprises 80 bones distributed along the

main axis of the body2. Skull,3. Vertebral column,4. Sternum5. Ribs

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The SkullThe skull is composed of two sets of bones• Cranial bones (8)• Facial bones (14) Total=22 bones• Cranial bones form the hard protective outer covering, cranium for the brain.• The facial region is made up of 14 skeletal elements which form the front part of the skull

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• Hyoid bone-U-shaped bone called hyoid is present at the base of the buccal cavity and it is also included in the skull• Ear Ossicles -Each middle ear contains three tiny bones – Malleus, Incus and Stapes.

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Page 9: Locomotion and movement

Vertebral Column• Formed by 26 serially arranged units called vertebrae and is dorsally placed• Each has a central hollow portion (neural canal) through which the spinal cord

passes. • occipital condyles

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• The vertebral column is differentiated into• • Cervical (7),• • Thoracic (12),• • Lumbar (5),• • Sacral (1-fused) and• • Coccygeal (1-fused)

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Functions• Protects the spinal cord• Supports the head• Serves as the point of attachment for the ribs and musculature of the back

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Sternum and Ribs• Sternum -Flat bone on the ventral midline of thorax.Ribs• 12 pairs.• Each rib is a thin flat bone connected dorsally to the vertebral column and ventrally tothe sternum with the help of hyaline cartilage.• 3 types1. True ribs2. false ribs3.Floating ribs

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