loftus and palmer (1974)

16
Loftus and Palmer (1974)

Upload: hannah-molina

Post on 30-Dec-2015

117 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

DESCRIPTION

Loftus and Palmer (1974). Loftus and Palmer (1974). Reconstruction of automobile destruction: an example of the interaction between language and memory Field of psychology : Cognitive Type of study : Laboratory experiment. Aim and Context. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Loftus and Palmer (1974)

Loftus and Palmer (1974)

Page 2: Loftus and Palmer (1974)

Loftus and Palmer (1974) Reconstruction of automobile

destruction: an example of the interaction between language and memory

Field of psychology: Cognitive Type of study: Laboratory

experiment

Page 3: Loftus and Palmer (1974)

Aim and Context

“I do solemnly, sincerely and truly declare and affirm that the evidence I shall give shall be the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth”

Page 4: Loftus and Palmer (1974)

Why is it important? The Innocence project

An organisation which works to clear the names of wrongly convicted people

They claim that eyewitness misidentification is the greatest single cause of wrongful convictions in the USA, convictions that were later overturned by DNA evidence.

The study by Loftus and Palmer took place in 1974. Why is this relevant to the context?

Page 5: Loftus and Palmer (1974)

Carmichael (1932) You have a minute to remember the

pictures on the page When the minute is up, you should

turn your page over, and wait for me to tell you to reproduce the images.

Compare your drawing with your partners. Are there any differences? How do we explain these results?

Page 6: Loftus and Palmer (1974)

Carmichael (1932) Carmichael’s experiment suggests

that memory is not always accurate. Memory is reconstructed from the

different elements (the pictures and the words)

Also, this experiment suggests that language (the verbal labels) can alter our recall.

Page 7: Loftus and Palmer (1974)

Marshall (1969) Air Force personnel, observed a car

travelling at 12 mph. Their estimates ranged from 10 to 50

mph. Range in answers possibly due to leading

questions. These results also show us that humans

are poor at estimating speed.

Page 8: Loftus and Palmer (1974)

Filmore (1971) Suggested that the words smashed

and hit may imply different rates of speed.

These words lead the listener to assume different consequences to the impacts to which they are referring, with hit being perceived as gentler than smashed.

Page 9: Loftus and Palmer (1974)

Aims Loftus and Palmer’s experiment was

actually two experiments.

They wanted to investigate in general how accurate or inaccurate memory was. Specifically they wanted to see the effect of ______________ upon estimates of ______.

leading questionsspeed

Page 10: Loftus and Palmer (1974)

Aims Experiment 1

See if the speed estimates would be influenced by the wording of the question asked.

Hit vs Smashed

Page 11: Loftus and Palmer (1974)

Aims Experiment 2

To see if the leading questions just changed the responses given to the questions, or whether the participant’s memories had actually altered as a result of the leading questions.

Page 12: Loftus and Palmer (1974)

Procedures Loftus and Palmer carried out two

experiments. You need to know detailed procedures for both of them, as well as participant numbers.

Use the information on pg 107 and the original text

Two groups Complete table. When outlining the procedure, be as detailed

but as clear as you can.

Page 13: Loftus and Palmer (1974)

Procedures Two groups

Complete table. When outlining the procedure, be as

detailed but as clear as you can.

Go back to your pairs, and share procedures

In pairs, answer questions 1-4

Page 14: Loftus and Palmer (1974)

Findings and conclusions Draw two graphs Summarise the results Write in the conclusions

Answer the questions Work together

Page 15: Loftus and Palmer (1974)

Evaluating the methodology In pairs

Method Reliability and sampling Validity Ethics

Speed learn

Page 16: Loftus and Palmer (1974)

Critically assess with reference to alternative evidence

Match up the study with the description of what the results mean

Use three colours to highlight research that supports, contradicts, or develops Loftus and Palmer’s research.