logbook final submission
DESCRIPTION
ÂTRANSCRIPT
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The University of MelbourneEnvironments & Design Student CentreGround Floor of the Baldwin Spencer Building
003936000000000218328
ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEETThis form must be attached to all submitted written work with all sections completed to the Environments &Design Student Centre, Ground Floor of the Baldwin Spencer Building. An incomplete form may result in thedelayed return of your assignment or of your mark for the assignment. Please keep a copy of all assignmentsbefore submitting them for assessment.
Subject Code: ENVS10003_2014_SM1 Subject Name: ConstructingEnvironments
Student ID Number: 692108 Student Name: Wei He
Tutorial: T18
Assignment Name: A01 LOGBOOK FINAL SUBMISSION (all studio sessions)
Assignment Due Date: May 19 2014 at 01:00 PMPlagiarismPlagiarism is the act of representing as one's own original work the creative works of another, without appropriateacknowledgment of the author or source.
CollusionCollusion is the presentation by a student of an assignment as his or her own which is in fact the result in whole or in partof unauthorised collaboration with another person or persons. Collusion involves the cooperation of two or more students inplagiarism or other forms of academic misconduct.
Both collusion and plagiarism can occur in group work. For examples of plagiarism, collusion and academic misconduct ingroup work please see the University’s policy on Academic Honesty and Plagiarism.
Plagiarism and collusion constitute cheating. Disciplinary action will be taken against students who engage in plagiarismand collusion as outlined in University policy. Proven involvement in plagiarism or collusion may be recorded on myacademic file in accordance with Statute 13.1.18.
STUDENT DECLARATIONPlease tick to indicate that you understand the following statements:I declare that this assignment is my own original work, except where I have appropriately cited the original source.This assignment has not previously been submitted for assessment in this or any other subject.
For the purposes of assessment, I give the assessor of this assignment the permission to: Reproduce this assignment and provide a copy to another member of staff; and Take steps to authenticate the assignment, including communicating a copy of this assignment to a checking service (which may retain a copy of the assignment on its database for future plagiarism checking).
Student Signature: _______________________ Date _____________
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Week1%
Mass%construction%tower%
% %%
%
%
We% chose% to% build% this% mass% construction%
tower%in%a%shape%of%cylinder%because%according%
to% its% base,% compared% with% a% triangle% or% a%
square% or% a% triangle% or% a% regular% or% irregular%
polygon,% the% circular% base% saves% the%materials%
to% build% the% tower.% During% building% this%
cylinder% tower,% we% also% take% another% way% to%
save% the%wood%bricks,%which% is%setting% aside% a%
certain%amount%of%space%which%is% less%than%the%
length% of% a% piece% of% wood% brick% between% two%
pieces%of%wood%bricks.% %
Materials:%wood%bricks%
Efficiency:%Astrength:%strong%compression%
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % weak%tension%
% % % % % % % % % % Astiffness:%stiff%
% % % % % % % % % % Ashape:%volumetric%
% % % % % % % % % % Aeconomy:%economical%
% % % % % % % % % % Amaterial%behavior:%isotropic%
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%
%%%%%%%%%%%%
From%this%load%path,%we%can%
clearly%see%how%the%loads%
transfer%down.%Each%one%of%the%
forces%of%wood%bricks%transfer%
down%to%the%beam,%which%is%
consist%of%two%wood%bricks.%In%
terms%of%this,%all%terms%of%loads%
go%down%to%the%ground.%They%
are%supported%by%the%ground.%
%
When% time% is%over,% the% two%mass% construction%towers%are%what%we%done%and%what%my% friends’%group% done.% It% can% be% clearly% seen% that% we% built% much% taller% than% what% they% did.% Because% of%different%methods,% there% came% two%different% types% of% towers.% Although% our% tower% seems%much%taller% than% the% other% groups% in% the% class,% there% are% some% serious% problems% existing.% Compared%with% the% rightAhand%side% tower,% the% stability%of%our% tower% is%weaker% for% its% enclosure%system% is%consisting%of%double%layers%of%wood%bricks.%However,%even%though%their%enclosure%system%makes%the%tower%more%stable% than%ours,% it%cost% lots%of%materials.% In% the%consideration%of%economy,%our%tower%is%more%welcomed.%On%the%way,%to%build%up%a%tower,%it%saves%more%time%if%trying%to%build%a%tower%like%ours.%
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%
%
%
%
Opening%
During% building% this%
tower,%the%procedure%of%
setting% up% an% opening%
is% the% most% difficult%
problem% though%all% the%
procedures.% The% wood%
bricks% around% the%
opening%need%to%rely%on%
the%forces�% which%are%
transferred% by% the%
wood% bricks% above%
them.%We%need%to%build%
up%the%other%sides%first,%
and% then% we% can% seal%
the%opening.%It%is%tough%
to% create% an% opening%
and% we% failed% many%
times.% It% still% looks%
irregular% even% though%
we% were% successful% to%
finish%this%task.%
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Deconstruction%process%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
It% is% interesting% to% notice% that% when% we% are% doing% the% deconstruction%
process,%the% tower%would%not%collapse%until%we% take%one%particular%wood%
brick.%From%the%photo,%we%can%see%the%tower%still%stands%there%even%if%my%
partner%is%taking%the%bricks%from%the%tower.%
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Knowledge%Map%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Glossary%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Beams%are%rigid%structural%members%designed%to%carry%and%transfer%
transverse%loads%across%space%to%supporting%elements.%The%
nonconcurrent%pattern%of%forces%subjects%a%beam%to%bending%and%
deflection,%which%must%be%resisted%by%internal%strength%of%the%material.%%
Load%
Path%
% % %
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%
Week2%
Frame% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%
Material:%balsa%wood%
Efficiency:%Astrength:%strong%
% % % % % % % % % Astiffness:%stiff%
% % % % % % % % % Ashape:%volumetric%
% % % % % % % % % Aeconomy:%economical%
% % % % % % % % % Amaterial:%behavior:%isotropic%
% % % % % % % % % Asustainability:%sustainable%
%
First%of%all,%we%decide%to%build%this%frame%
by% using% the%base% like%what% is% shown% in%
the% graph.% To% make% sure% this% base% is%
stable,%we%add%four%pieces%of%short%balsa%
wood%which%connecting%each%sides%of%the%
base%to%the%main%stanchion%in%the%middle%
because%when%there%have%those%pieces%of%
short%balsa%wood,% the% triangle%will% exist,%
which%in%order%to%make%the%frame%stable,%
for% the% triangular% things% have% the% best%
stability.%
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%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%
We% did% not% have% a% clear%
design% of% the% frame,% but%
when% we% were% building% the%
frame,% we% always% try% to%
make% it% with% triangles,% in%
order% to% make% the% frame%
stable.% As% a% result,% we% come%
up%an% idea% to%build%up% like%a%
diamond%shape.%
During% building% this% frame,%
we% try% our% best% to% notice%
every% detail.% Like% what% my%
partner%is%doing%in%the%photo,%
to% ensure% this% frame% has%
enough% stability,% he% adds%
more% triangles% on% this%
diamond%shaped%frame.%
Actually,%it%is%easy%to%find%how%
the% forces% transfer% to% the%
ground.% The% force% spread% out%
to% the% edges% of% the% diamond%
and% the% main% stanchion%
initially.% However,% the% forces%
are% going% to% load% the% middle%
again,% and% then% spread% out%
again,% and% finally,% they% all% go%
down%to%the%ground.%
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%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
The% frame(leftAhand% side)% is% built%
by% another% group% in% the% class.%We%
can% see% it% is% completely% different%
from%our%group’s.% % % % Not%only%the%
appearance,%but%also% the%load%path%
is%quite%different%from%ours.%
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%
ConstructionAstressing%process%
%%
%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
When% Candy% cut% the%
outside%frame,%one%of%
the% edges% of% the%
frame,% it% has% a% little%
deformation,% but% we%
can% see% the% frame%
does%not%fall%down%
When% Candy% cut% all%
the% edges% of% the% %
first%diamond% ,% it% has%
deformation% but% the%
frame% still% stands%
there.%
When% the% main%
stanchion% is% cut,% the%
whole% frame% falls%
down.% It% shows% that%
this% frame% relies% on%
the%stanchion.%
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%
Knowledge%Map%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
Glossary%
Structural%joints:%
%
%
%
%
Braced%Frame:%
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Week3:�
• Moments: Measured by the product of the force magnitude and perpendicular distance between the line of the action of the force and the point.
Distance ! moment arm (It has magnitude & sense)
M = F x d(Force x distance)�
0�
Glossaries: �
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Equilibrium:�
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Retained Walls:�• Used when sites are excavated to create basements or where
changes in site levels need to be established. The pressure load of the earth behind the wall needs to be considered to prevent the wall from overturning.�
Pad Footing: �Also called isolated footings, these types of footings help to spread a point load over a wider area of ground. Isolated footings are the individual spread footings supporting freestanding columns and piers.�
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Substructure:�
• The foundations are the substructure of the building and their function is to safely transfer all loads acting on the building structure to the ground.�
Strip Footing:�Used when loads from a wall or series of columns is spread in a linear manner. A continuous footing is a reinforced concrete footing extended to support a row of columns.�
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Material Properties�
• Hardness: Medium-high • Fragility: Medium • Ductility: very low ductility • Flexibility/Plasticity: very low
flexibility & plasticity • Porosity/permeability: Medium-
high • Density: Medium • Conductivity: poor conductivity of
heat & electricity • Durability/life span: typically very
durable • Reusability/Recyclability: High,
can be re-used with no chance or crushed to be used as recycled aggregate
• Cost: Generally cost effective but required labour costs should also be considered
• Sustainability & carbon footprint: tens to be locally produced (with some transport), the firing process (approx. 1200 degrees)adds to its carbon footprint
• Hardness: Medium-high, can be scratched with metallic object
• Fragility: Medium, can be broken with trowel
• Ductility: very low ductility • Flexibility/plasticity: very low
flexibility & plasticity • Porosity/permeability: Medium • Density: Medium • Conductivity: poor conductivity
of heat & electricity • Durability/life span: typically
very durable • Reusability/Recyclability:
Medium • Cost: Generally cost effective • Sustainability & Carbon
footprint: Inclusion of recycled and waste products from other processes is allowing a positive reduction in carbon footprint and increase in sustainability for many concrete products
• Brick-properties� • Concrete-properties� Stone-properties�• Hardness: Large range generally
igneous is hardest, then metamorphic and then sedimentary
• Fragility: Largely geometry dependant
• Ductility: most stones-very low ductility
• Flexibility/plasticity: (rigid) very low • Porosity/permeability: Large range
(pumice is porous, granite is not) • Density: depending on stone type • Conductivity: Generally poor
conductivity • Durability/life span: typically
extremely durable • Reusability/Recyclability: very high • Cost: depending on labour • Sustainability & Carbon footprint:
transport energy is main factor (local stones have low footprints) stone sourcing has a high environmental cost
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Generally a horizontal element designed to
carry vertical load using its bending resistance�
Structural Elements�
Strut�
Tie�
Slab/plate�panel�
Beam�
Knowledge map� A slender element designed to carry load parallel to long axis. The load produces
compressions�
A slender element designed to carry load parallel to long axis. The load produces
tension�
A wide horizontal element designed to carry vertical load in
bending usually supported by beams�
A deep vertical element designed to carry vertical
or horizontal load�
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Activity: On site(take one)�Lot 6 cafe�
Structural element-Beam The beam here goes through the building.
Underground carpark�
Concrete framing structural�
Concrete �
Concrete columns�
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Load path�
Load path�
The load will not go through here to the ground. The function of the column here is to prevent the stairs from shaking.�
As the sketch shown beside, the loads will transfer to the steel cantilever from the cable and then transfer to the brick wall, finally transfer it to the ground.�
The loads here can be clearly seen that they are transferred to the side columns. �
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Steel framing structural system�
These two building looks
similar from this dimension, they
are both using the steel framing on the roof with the steel columns.�
This is mainly a steel framing structure, not just according to the roof at the front, but also the steel frames at the back.�
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Week4�Glossaries:�
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• Steel decking: Mental decking is corrugated to increase its stiffness and spanning capacity. The floor decks serves as a working platform during construction and as formwork for a sitecast concrete slab.�
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Knowledge map�
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Activity: Scale, annotation and working drawing conventions & Construction documentation tour�
Legends: The lines crossing make it easier to find out the position that we want to find.�
These types of circles with signs are the references that show us where the particular sections and details are.�
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Oval Pavilion: This is the real site of the drawing which is shown before.�
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Steel frame columns�
Steel and wood roof with trusses inside�
Complete windows system�
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Week5 �Glossaries:�
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Structural systems�
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Knowledge Maps�
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Activity: Structural Concepts �Model of part of Oval Pavilion� processes�
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Concrete walls with footings inside�
Concrete framing system�
Two types of stairs�
This is a entrance of the basement.�
Steel column for the roof. We have not done the roof system�
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Comparison to other group work �
Different structural system involved.�Column system� Framing system�
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Week6 �Glossaries:�
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Steel trusses�---Generally fabricated by
welding or bolting structural angles and
tees together to form the triangulated framework.
Because of the slenderness of these
truss members, connections usually
require the use of steel gusset plates. Heavier
steel trusses may utilize wide-range shapes and
structural tubing.�
Truss types:�
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Rafter framing�Eave detail�
Two similar type of soffit:�
Sloping soffit�
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Knowledge map�
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Knowledge map of other group site visit�
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Glossaries:�Week7 �
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Sealant related�
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Knowledge map�
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Week8 �
• Moment of inertia is the sum of the products of each
element of an area and the square of its distance from a coplanar axis of rotation. It is a geometric property that
indicates how the cross-sectional area of a structural member is distributed and
does not reflect the intrinsic physical properties of a
material.�
Glossaries:�
Moment of inertia�
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stress�
• Bending stress is a combination of
compressive and tension stresses
developed at a cross section of a structural
member to resist a transverse force, having a maximum value at the
surface furthest from neutral axis.�
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Window sash�
• Sash refers to the fixed or movable framework of a window in which panes of glass are set. Its section profile varies with material, manufacturer, and type of operation.�
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Door furniture�• Door hinges & Door locksets • The pin in the knuckle may be removable(loose) so that a door can be
unhung by separating the two leaves or fixed(nonrising). Self-locking pins which cannot be removed when the door is closed at are also available for security.
• Locksets are manufactured assemblies of parts making up a complete locking system, including knobs, plates, and a locking mechanism. Described below are the major types of locksets: mortise locks, unit and integral locks, and cylinder locks. Consult hardware manufacturer for lockset functions, installation requirements, trim designs, dimensions, and finishes.�
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Knowledge map�
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Activity �
1:1 Drawing�
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Timber strip flooring�
Double glazing�
Fabricated steel frame�
RHS steel frame�
Insulation �
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Drawing �Real �
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Week9 �Glossaries:�
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Bending �
• Bending stress is a combination of
compressive and tension stresses
developed at a cross section of a structural
member to resist a transverse force, having a maximum value at the
surface furthest from neutral axis.�
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Knowledge map�
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Basement: Concrete framing structural�
Activity: off campus�
Concrete columns�
Precast concrete walls connected by steel plate�
Foundation wall�
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Wood beams�
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Steel framing system�
Posttensioning: put some steel cables into the
concrete slab to make the concrete strong in tension,
in order to reinforce the concrete ground.�
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Construction error: Listened from the manager of this construction field, he is
said that there is a constructing error as shown
in the photo. According to the plan, the holes in the
concrete ground should be a straight line, however, the
reality is that these holes are not staying on a line.
Although the architect said it will not influence the
formation of the building, the manager still complained it a
lot.�
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Week10 �Glossaries:�
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Material Properties�
• Hardness: Medium-high • Fragility: Medium • Ductility: very low ductility • Flexibility/Plasticity: very low
flexibility & plasticity • Porosity/permeability: Medium-
high • Density: Medium • Conductivity: poor conductivity of
heat & electricity • Durability/life span: typically very
durable • Reusability/Recyclability: High,
can be re-used with no chance or crushed to be used as recycled aggregate
• Cost: Generally cost effective but required labour costs should also be considered
• Sustainability & carbon footprint: tens to be locally produced (with some transport), the firing process (approx. 1200 degrees)adds to its carbon footprint
• Hardness: Medium-high, can be scratched with metallic object
• Fragility: Medium, can be broken with trowel
• Ductility: very low ductility • Flexibility/plasticity: very low
flexibility & plasticity • Porosity/permeability: Medium • Density: Medium • Conductivity: poor conductivity
of heat & electricity • Durability/life span: typically
very durable • Reusability/Recyclability:
Medium • Cost: Generally cost effective • Sustainability & Carbon
footprint: Inclusion of recycled and waste products from other processes is allowing a positive reduction in carbon footprint and increase in sustainability for many concrete products
• Brick-properties� • Concrete-properties� Stone-properties�• Hardness: Large range generally
igneous is hardest, then metamorphic and then sedimentary
• Fragility: Largely geometry dependant
• Ductility: most stones-very low ductility
• Flexibility/plasticity: (rigid) very low • Porosity/permeability: Large range
(pumice is porous, granite is not) • Density: depending on stone type • Conductivity: Generally poor
conductivity • Durability/life span: typically
extremely durable • Reusability/Recyclability: very high • Cost: depending on labour • Sustainability & Carbon footprint:
transport energy is main factor (local stones have low footprints) stone sourcing has a high environmental cost
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Knowledge map�
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Activity �
Complete drawing�
Economic implications: 1. Using recycling
materials 2. Using materials highly
effectively�
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Heat insulation�
Waterproofing strategies: Make a steel frame with slope, where make the water flow to the ground. �
Double glazing: A good type of window system, which can not only do the waterproofing, but also can do the sound and heat insulation�
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Construction workshop�
Small truss� Materials: 1300x3.2x90mm Ply x1 1200x35x35mm Pine x3 Screws x n Sundry nails x n�
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Load path:�
Using nails & screws to connect each timber.�
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Failure load: 280kg The truss structure performed well considering it was not positioned in the best way. The major problem of the failure is not because the material we chose is wrong, but because the nails and screws. The nails make open area in the plywood and that leads to be easier to break the plywood. As a result, the plywood can not bear the strength and then failed.�
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Comparison �
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Reference List�• Images from E-learning of weekly guide • Francis, D. (2008). Building Construction Illustrated(4th
ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey. John Wiley & Sons, Inc�