logical operator and

7/24/2019 Logical Operator And

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Logical Operator And

Place a command buttonon your worksheet and add the following code lines:

Dim score1 As Integer, score2 As Integer, result As String

score1 = ange!"A1"#$%aluescore2 = ange!"&1"#$%alue

If score1 '= () And score2 ' 1 *hen result = "+ass"lse result = "fail"nd If

ange!"-1"#$%alue = result

Logical Operator Or




If score1 '= () .r score2 ' 1 *hen result = "+ass"lse result = "fail"nd If


Logical Operator Not

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If score1 '= () And /ot score2 = 1 *hen result = "+ass"lse result = "fail"nd If



1$ 0irst, declare two ariables$ .ne ariable of ty+e Integer named score and one ariable of ty+eString named result$

Dim score As Integer, result As String

2$ e initiali3e the ariable score with the alue of cell A1$

score = ange!"A1"#$%alue

4$ Add the Select -ase structure$

Select -ase score -ase Is '= 5) result = "ery good" -ase Is '= 6) result = "good" -ase Is '= () result = "sufficient" -ase lse result = "insufficient"nd Select

Tax Rates
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&elow we will look at a +rogram in Excel VBAthat calculates the ta7 on an income$ *he

following tax ratesa++ly to indiiduals who are residents of Australia$

Taxable income Tax on this income

) 8 9(,))) /il

9(,))1 8 94,))) 1c for each 91 oer 9(,)))

94,))1 8 95),))) 9;,4) +lus 4)c for each 91 oer 94,)))

95),))1 8 915),))) 916,5) +lus 45c for each 91 oer 95),)))

915),))1 and oer 9,5) +lus ;c for each 91 oer 915),)))

Situation:

1$ 0irst, we declare two double ariables$ .ne double ariable we call income, and one double

ariable we call ta7$

Dim income As Double

Dim tax As Double

2$ e initiali3e the ariable income with the alue of cell A2 and round it$

income = Round(Range("A2").Value)

4$ e +lace the rounded alue into cell A2 again$

Range("A2").Value = income

;$ e use the Select -asestatement to calculate the ta7 on an income$ 7cel %&A uses income to

test each subse


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Select Case income

Case Is >= 1!!!1

tax = ! # !.$ % (income & 1!!!!)

Case Is >= !!!1

tax = 1'! # !. % (income & !!!!)

Case Is >= !!1 tax = $! # !. % (income & !!!)

Case Is >= !!1

tax = !.1 % (income & !!!)

Case *lse

tax = !

*nd Select

7am+le: if income is 46))), ta7 e !46)))84)))# = ;4) ()) = 9;?)

$ e write the alue of the ariable ta7 to cell &2$

Range("+2").Value = tax

($ Place this code in a command button and test it$

esult:

1$ 0irst, we declare three ariables$ .ne Integer ariable we call diisors, one @ong ariable wecall number and one @ong ariable we call i$ e use @ong ariables here because @ong ariableshae larger ca+acity than Integer ariables$

Dim diisors As Integer, number As @ong, i As @ong

2$ e initiali3e two ariables$ e initiali3e the ariable diisors with alue )$ e use theIn+ut&o7 function to get a number from the user$

diisors = )number = In+ut&o7!"nter a number"#


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After the user has entered a number, we want to check whether this number is a +rime number ornot$ emember, a +rime number has e7actly two distinct number diisors: 1 and itself$

4$ e start a 0or /e7t loo+$

0or i = 1 *o number

;$ /ow comes the most im+ortant +art of the +rogram$ *o calculate the number of diisors of anumber, we use the od o+erator$ *he od o+erator gies the remainder of a diision$ So 6 mod2 would gie 1$ 6 is diided by 2 !4 times# to gie a remainder of 1$ .nly if "number mod iBe


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esult for 1);62?:

Find Second Highest Value

&elow we will look at a +rogram in Excel VBAthat finds the second highest value$

Situation:

1$ 0irst, we declare two ange obects and two ariables of ty+e Double$ e call the ange

obects rng and cell$ .ne double ariable we call highest%alue, and one double ariable we call

secondEighest%alue$

Dim ,ng As Range- cell As Range

Dim igestValue As Double- second/igestValue As Double


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2$ e initiali3e the ange obect rng with the selected range and the two Double ariables with

alue )$

Set ,ng = Selection

igestValue = !

second/igestValue = !

4$ 0irst, we want to find the highest alue$ e want to check each cell in a randomly selected

range !this range can be of any si3e#$ In 7cel %&A, you can use the 0or ach /e7t loo+ for this$

Add the following code lines:

0ind /igest Value

o, *ac cell In ,ng

ext cell

/ote: rng and cell are randomly chosen here, you can use any names$ emember to refer to these

names in the rest of your code$ *he green line is a comment and is only added here to +roide

information about this +iece of code$

;$ e check each cell in this range$ If itBs higher than highest%alue, we write the alue to the

ariable highest%alue$ Add the following code line to the loo+$

I3 cell.Value > igestValue 4en igestValue = cell.Value

/ote: the first alue is always higher than highest%alue because the starting alue of

highest%alue is )$

$ Second, we want to find the second highest %alue$ e add another 0or ach /e7t loo+$

0ind Second /igest Value

o, *ac cell In ,ng

ext cell

($ e check each cell in the selected range again$ If itBs higher than secondEighest%alue and

lower than highest%alue, we write the alue to the ariable secondEighest%alue$ Add the

following code line to the loo+$

I3 cell.Value > second/igestValue And cell.Value 5 igestValue 4en

second/igestValue = cell.Value

6$ 0inally, we dis+lay the second highest alue using a sg&o7$


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6sg+ox "Second /igest Value is " 7 second/igestValue

5$ Place your macro in a command button, select the numbers, and click on the command button$

esult:

Sum by Color

&elow we will look at a +rogram in Excel VBAthat sums numbers by color$

Situation:

Fou hae lended money to two twele +eo+le$ Some +eo+le hae gien it back !in black# and

some still owe you money !red#$ Fou want to know how much money you still receie$


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1$ 0irst, we declare two ariables of ty+e Integer$ .ne named toeceie and one named i$ e

initiali3e the ariable toeceie with alue )$

Dim toRecei8e As Intege,- i As Intege,

toRecei8e = !

2$ Second, we start a 0or /e7t loo+$

o, i = 1 4o 12

4$ e now check each number and only if the color of the number is red we add the number to

toeceie$

I3 Cells(i- 1).ont.Colo, = 8bRed 4en

toRecei8e = toRecei8e # Cells(i- 1).Value

*nd I3

;$ DonBt forget to close the loo+$

ext i

$ 0inally, we dis+lay the money still to receie$ e use the C o+erator to concatenate !oin# two

strings$ Although toeceie is not a string it works here$

6sg+ox "Still to ,ecei8e " 7 toRecei8e 7 " dolla,s"

($ Place your macro in a command button and test it$


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esult:

Delete Blank Cells

&elow we will look at a +rogram in Excel VBAthat deletes blank cells$

Situation:

1$ 0irst, we declare two ariables of ty+e Integer$ .ne named counter and one named i$ e

initiali3e the ariable counter with alue )$

Dim counte, As Intege,- i As Intege,

counte, = !


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2$ /e7t, we check for each cell whether it is em+ty or not !G' means not e "" 4en

Cells(counte, # 1- 2).Value = Cells(i- 1).Value

counte, = counte, # 1

*nd I3

ext i

esult so far:

4$ 0inally, we em+ty ange!"A1:A1)"#, co+y the alues of column & to column A, and em+ty

ange!"&1:&1)"#$

Range("A19A1!").Value = ""

Range("A19A1!").Value = Range("+19+1!").Value

Range("+19+1!") = ""

Loop through Dened Range


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&elow we will look at a +rogram that loops through a defined range$ 0or e7am+le, when we

want to s


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$ If you want to check each cell in a randomly selected range, sim+ly re+lace:

Set ,ng = Range("A19A")

with:

Set ,ng = Selection

($ /ow, for e7am+le select ange!"A1:A2"#$

esult when you click the command button on the sheet:

Loop through !ntire Column

&elow we will look at a +rogram in Excel VBAthat loops through the entire first columnand

colors all alues that are lower than a certain alue$


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Place a command button on your worksheet and add the following code lines:

1$ 0irst, declare a ariable called i of ty+e @ong$ e use a ariable of ty+e @ong here because

@ong ariables hae larger ca+acity than Integer ariables$

Dim i As :ong

2$ /e7t, add the code line which changes the font color of all the cells in column A to black$

Columns(1).ont.Colo, = 8b+lac;

4$ Add the loo+$

o, i = 1 4o Ro


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;$ /e7t, we color all alues that are lower than the alue entered into cell D2$ m+ty cells are

ignored$ Add the following code lines to the loo+$

I3 Cells(i- 1).Value 5 Range("D2").Value And ot Is*mt(Cells(i- 1).Value) 4en

Cells(i- 1).ont.Colo, = 8bRed

*nd I3

esult when you click the command button on the sheet !this may take a while#:

Do "ntil Loop

Although not used ery often on this site, you might find yourself in a situation where you want

to use the o !ntil Loopin Excel VBA$ -ode +laced between Do ntil and @oo+ will be

re+eated until the +art after Do ntil is true$


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Dim i As Intege,

i = 1

Do ?ntil i > Cells(i- 1).Value = 2!

i = i # 1

:oo


7+lanation: until i is higher than (, 7cel %&A +laces the alue 2) into the cell at the

intersection of row i and column 1 and increments i by 1$ As a result, the alue 2) will be +laced

into column A si7 times !not seen because 7cel %&A sto+s when i e


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1$ 0irst, we declare two ariables of ty+e Integer$ .ne named i and one named $

Dim i As Intege,- @ As Intege,

2$ Second, we add two 0or /e7t loo+s$

o, i = 1 4o Ste 2

o, @ = 1 4o Ste 2

4$ /e7t, we add the line which changes the background color of the cells to light gray$

Cells(i- @).Inte,io,.Colo,Index = 1

/ote: instead of -olorInde7 number 1 !light gray#, you can use any -olorInde7 number$

;$ -lose the two 0or /e7t loo+s$

ext @

ext i

$ *est the +rogram$

esult so far$
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0or e7am+le, for i = 1 and = 1, 7cel %&A colors -ells!1,1#, for i = 1 and = 4 ! Ste+2#, 7cel

%&A colors -ells!1,4#, for i = 1 and = , 7cel %&A colors -ells!1,#, for i = 4 !Ste+ 2# and =

1, 7cel %&A colors -ells!4,1#, etc$

($ e are almost there$ *he only thing we need to do, is color the cells which are offsetby 1 row

below and 1 column to the right of the cells already colored$ Add the following code line to the

loo+$

Cells(i- @).Bset(1- 1).Inte,io,.Colo,Index = 1

6$ *est the +rogram$

esult:

Sort $umbers
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&elow we will look at a +rogram in Excel VBAthat sorts numbers$

Situation:


1$ 0irst, we declare three ariables of ty+e Integer and one ange obect$

Dim i As Intege,- @ As Intege,- tem As Intege,- ,ng As Range

2$ e initiali3e the ange obect rng with the numbers in column A$ e use the -urrentegion

+ro+erty for this$ -urrentegion is useful when we donBt know the e7act boundaries of a range in

adance !we want this +rogram to work for ? numbers but also for ?) numbers#$

Set ,ng = Range("A1").Cu,,entRegion

4$ e start two 0or /e7t loo+s$

o, i = 1 4o ,ng.Count

o, @ = i # 1 4o ,ng.Count

7+lanation: rng$-ount e


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If the aboe statement is true, we swa+ the numbers$

0or e7am+le: for i = 1 and = 2, the numbers 2 and 1) are being com+ared$ *he aboe statement

is not true$ *hus, no need to swa+ the numbers$ 7cel %&A increments by 1 and re+eats the

code lines for i = 1 and = 4$ Fou can easily see that is larger than 2, so still no need to swa+

the numbers$ e get the same result for = ;, = and = ($ hen we arrie at = 6, the aboe

statement is true since 1 is smaller than 2$

$ eswa+the numbers$ e tem+orarily store one number to tem+, so that 7cel %&A can swa+

the numbers +ro+erly$ Add the following code lines in the If statement$

0s


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Randomly Sort Data

&elow we will look at a +rogram in Excel VBAthat randomly sorts data!in this e7am+le

randomly sorts names#$

Situation:

1$ 0irst, we declare four ariables$ .ne ariable of ty+e String we call *em+String, one ariable

of ty+e Integer we call *em+Integer, one ariable of ty+e Integer we call i, and one ariable of

ty+e Integer we call $

Dim temSt,ing As St,ing- temIntege, As Intege,- i As Intege,- @ As Intege,


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2$ e write random numbers to column & !one for each name#$ e use the worksheet function

and&etween for this$

o, i = 1 4o

Cells(i- 2).Value = o,;seetunction.Rand+et


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temIntege, = Cells(i- 2).Value

Cells(i- 2).Value = Cells(@- 2).Value

Cells(@- 2).Value = temIntege,

6$ DonBt forget to close the If statement$

*nd I3

5$ DonBt forget to close the two loo+s$

ext @

ext i

?$ *est the +rogram$

esult:

/ote: you can add a line which deletes the numbers in column &$ ItBs een nicer to +lace the

numbers of each name in an array, so no numbers are +laced on your worksheet$ Eoweer, forillustratie +ur+ose weBe chosen to +lace the alues on the sheet$

Remo%e Duplicates

&elow we will look at a +rogram in Excel VBAthat removes duplicates$

Situation:

In column A we hae 1) numbers$ e want to remoe the du+licates from these numbers and

+lace the uni


24/77

1$ 0irst, we declare four ariables$ toAdd of ty+e &oolean, uni


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list, we need another 0or /e7t loo+$ Again: if the number we want to add is e


26/77

Complex Calculations

*he kth

term, *k, of a certain mathematical series is defined by the following formula:

Tk=;2# ; # 1

E; # '

*he first term, *1, of the series is obtained by substituting k = 1 into the formula i$e$

T1=12# # 1

=1

andE # ' 2

T2= 2

2

# 12 # 1 = 1' ... and so on1 # ' 2

&elow we will look at a +rogram in Excel VBAthat calculatesany term *kand summation of

terms u+ to /$

7+lanation: the user has the o+tion to enter "All" or ".dd", to res+ectiely calculate the sum of

the first / terms of the series or the sum of only the odd terms u+ to /$


1$ 0irst, we declare four ariables of ty+e Integer and one ariable of ty+e String$


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Dim i- te,m- - steSiFe As Intege,

Dim sum4e As St,ing

2$ Second, we initiali3e the ariables$

i = ! = Range("C2").Value

sum4e = Range("C").Value

4$ m+ty the fields$

Range("A9+1!!!").Value = ""

Range("C").Value = ""

;$ Determine ste+Si3e$

Select Case sum4e Case Is = "All"

steSiFe = 1

Case Is = "dd"

steSiFe = 2

Case *lse

6sg+ox "*nte, a 8alid ex,ession in cell C"

*nd

*nd Select

*i+: go through our Select -ase+rogram to learn more about the Select -ase structure$

$ Do the calculations$

o, te,m = 1 4o Ste steSiFe

Cells( # i- 1).Value = te,m

Cells( # i- 2).Value = (te,m G 2 # ( % te,m) # 1) H ((E % te,m) # ')

Range("C").Value = Range("C").Value # Cells( # i- 2).Value

i = i # 1

ext te,m

7+lanation: we use the Ste+ keyword to s+ecify the increment !1 for "All" and 2 for ".dd"# for

the counter ariable of the loo+$

esult:
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&napsack #roblem

&elow we will look at a +rogram in Excel VBAthat solvesa small instance of a knapsack

problem$

Definition: Lien a set of items, each with a weight and a alue, determine the items to include

in a collection so that the total alue is as large as +ossible and the total weight is less than a

gien limit$ It deries its name from the +roblem faced by someone who is constrained by afi7ed8si3e kna+sack and must fill it with the most useful items$

7am+le: items with weights, alues and limit as gien$


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In 7cel this +roblem looks as follows:

1$ 0irst, we declare fie ariables of ty+e Double with names limit, weight, alue, totaleight

and ma7imum%alue$

Dim limit As Double-


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;$ /e7t, we check each +ossible solution$ e can either include an item !1# or leae it out !)#$

e start 0or /e7t loo+s$ .ne for each item$

o, i = ! 4o 1

o, @ = ! 4o 1

o, ; = ! 4o 1 o, l = ! 4o 1

o, m = ! 4o 1

$ e calculate the weight and the alue of a +ossible solution$

maximumValue And


31/77


32/77

Situation:


1$ 0irst, we declare a ariable called fullname of ty+e String, a ariable called comma+osition of

ty+e Integer, and a ariable called i of ty+e Integer$

Dim 3ullname As St,ing- commaosition As Intege,- i As Intege,

*he +roblem we are dealing with is that we need to tell 7cel %&A where we want to se+arate

the string$ In case of Smith, ike the comma is at +osition ( while in case of illiams, Janet the

comma is at +osition ?$

2$ e use a loo+ to e7ecute the o+erations on each name entered in 7cel$ 0irst, we initiali3e the

ariable fullname$ /e7t, we use the Instr function to find the +osition of the comma$

o, i = 2 4o '

3ullname = Cells(i- 1).Value

commaosition = InSt,(3ullname- "-")

4$ 0inally, we want to write the +art after the comma to column & and the +art in front of the

comma to column -$ Fou can achiee this by adding the lines:

Cells(i- 2).Value = 6id(3ullname- commaosition # 2)

Cells(i- ).Value = :e3t(3ullname- commaosition & 1)

id!fullname, comma+osition 2# means we want the +art of fullname starting at character

Bcomma+osition 2B !this is e7actly the first name#$

@eft!fullname, comma+osition 8 1# means we want the +art of fullname starting at the beginning

until character Bcomma+osition8 1B !this is e7actly the last name#$


33/77

;$ DonBt forget to close the loo+$

ext i

$ Add si7 names se+arated by a comma and s+ace to ange!"A2:A6"#$

($ *est the +rogram$

esult:

Re%erse Strings

&elow we will look at a +rogram in Excel VBAthat can reverse strings$

Situation:



34/77

1$ 0irst, we declare four ariables$ .ne ariable called te7t of ty+e String, one ariable called

reersed*e7t also of ty+e String, one ariable called length of ty+e Integer, and one ariable

called i of ty+e Integer$

Dim text As St,ing- ,e8e,sed4ext As St,ing- lengt As Intege,- i As Intege,

2$ e initiali3e two ariables$ e use the In+ut&o7 function to get a te7t string from the user$ e

use the @en function in 7cel %&A to get the length of a string$

text = Inut+ox("*nte, te text ou


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6$ *est the +rogram$

esult:

Con%ert to #roper Case

&elow we will look at a +rogram in Excel VBAthat converts text to proper case$ *hat is, the

first letter in each word in u++ercase, and all other letters in lowercase$

Situation:

1$ 0irst, we declare two ange obects$ e call the ange obects rng and cell$


2$ e initiali3e the ange obect rng with the selected range$

Set ,ng = Selection


36/77

4$ e want to check each cell in a randomly selected range !this range can be of any si3e#$ In

7cel %&A, you can use the 0or ach /e7t loo+ for this$ Add the following code lines:

o, *ac cell In ,ng

ext cell


names in the rest of your code$

;$ *o ignore a cell that contains a formula, add the following code line between 0or ach and

/e7t !only if cell$Eas0ormula is false we continue#$

I3 ot cell./aso,mula 4en

*nd I3

$ /e7t, we want to conert each word in this range to B+ro+er caseB$ Fou can use the worksheet

function Pro+er for this task$ Add the following code line in your if statement$

cell.Value = o,;seetunction.,oe,(cell.Value)

($ *est the +rogram$

esult:

Count 'ords


37/77

&elow we will look at a +rogram in Excel VBAthat counts the number of "ordsin a selected

range$ .ne or more s+aces are assumed to se+arate words$

Situation:

1$ 0irst, we declare two ange obects and three ariables$ e call the ange obects rng and

cell$ .ne Integer ariable we call cellords, one Integer ariable we call totalords, and one

String ariable we call content$


Dim cello,ds- totalo,ds As Intege,- content As St,ing

2$ e initiali3e the ange obect rng with the selected range and the two ariables of ty+e Integer

with alue )$

Set ,ng = Selection

cello,ds = !

totalo,ds = !

4$ e want to check each cell in a randomly selected range !this range can be of any si3e#$ In


o, *ac cell In ,ng

ext cell


names in the rest of your code$

;$ /e7t, we determine for each cell in this range how many words it contains$ *o ignore a cellthat contains a formula, add the following code line between 0or ach and /e7t !only if

cell$Eas0ormula is false we continue#$

I3 ot cell./aso,mula 4en

*nd I3


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$ 0irst, we write the content of the cell to the ariable content$ /e7t, we remoe the s+aces at

the beginning and the end !if there are any#$ In 7cel %&A, you can use the *rim function for

this$ 0or e7am+le, " e7cel ba" will be conerted to "e7cel ba"$ Add the following code lines in

your If statement$

content = cell.Valuecontent = 4,im(content)

/ote: the trim function in 7cel %&A does not remoe e7tra s+aces between words, but thatBs

.M in this e7am+le$

($ At this +oint, a cell can still be em+ty$ If the cell is em+ty, we assign the alue ) to the ariable

cellords$ If not, it contains at least one word and we assign the alue 1 to the ariable

cellords$ Add the following code lines in your If statement$

I3 content = "" 4en cello,ds = !

*lse

cello,ds = 1

*nd I3

A cell can contain more than one word of course$ *hatBs e7actly what we want to find out now$

As an e7am+le we take: "e7cel ba"$ If a cell contains at least one s+ace at this stage, it contains

at least one more word$ Fou can use the Instr function in 7cel %&A to look for a s+ace$

Instr!content, " "# finds the +osition of the first s+ace in content$

6$ e will make use of the Do hile @oo+structure$ -ode +laced between these words !at ste+

5, ? and 1)# will be re+eated as long as the +art after Do hile is true$ e want to re+eat these

ste+s as long as Instr!content, " "# ' ) is true !as long as content contains a s+ace and thus more

words#$ Add the Do hile @oo+ in your If statement$

Do ile InSt,(content- " ") > !

:oo

5$ /e7t, we take the +art of content starting at the +osition of the first s+ace$ e use the id

function for this$

content = 6id(content- InSt,(content- " "))

0or e7am+le: id!"e7cel ba", InStr!"e7cel ba", " "## will gie " ba"$

?$ e trim the string again$
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content = 4,im(content)

esult: "ba"

1)$ e increment cellords by 1$

cello,ds = cello,ds # 1

*his Do hile @oo+ will be re+eated as long as content contains a s+ace and thus more words$ In

our e7am+le, we e7it the Do hile @oo+ since "ba" does not contain a s+ace anymoreK esult:

this cell contains 2 words$

11$ After haing checked one cell, we add cellords to the ariable totalords$ *his code line

should be +laced outside the Do hile @oo+ but in the If statement$

totalo,ds = totalo,ds # cello,ds

*he whole +rocess starts again for the ne7t cell until all cells hae been checked$

12$ 0inally, we dis+lay the alue of totalords using a msgbo7$ *his code line should be +laced

outside the 0or ach /e7t loo+$

6sg+ox totalo,ds 7 "


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*his e7am+le teaches you how to compare dates and timesin Excel VBA$ Dates and times are

stored as numbers in 7cel and count the number of days since January ), 1?))$ hat you see

de+ends on the number format$

1$ nter some numbers in column A$

2$ *hese numbers are dates$ *his is a +erfect way to enter some dates without worrying about the

Date format$ -hange the format to Date !ight click on the column A header, 0ormat -ells and

choose Date#$

esult:

/ote: Dates are in S 0ormat$ onths first, Days Second$ *his ty+e of format de+ends on your

windows regional settings$


4$ Declare the ariable i of ty+e Integer$

Dim i As Intege,

;$ Add a 0or /e7t loo+$


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o, i = 1 4o

ext i

$ *he Date function returns the current date without the time$ Add the following code line to the

loo+, to highlight all the cells containing the current date !12N22N2)14#$

I3 Cells(i- 1).Value = Date 4en Cells(i- 1).ont.Colo, = 8bRed

esult:

($ Add the following code line to the loo+, to highlight all the dates earlier than );N1?N2)11$

I3 Cells(i- 1).Value 5 DateValue("A,il 1E- 2!11") 4en Cells(i- 1).ont.Colo, = 8bRed

esult:

6$ &ut what about times, we hear you say$ *hey are the decimals$ Switch back to Leneral format

and change the numbers to decimal numbers$


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5$ /ow change the format to BDate and *imeB format$

esult:


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?$ If you want to highlight all cells containing the current date, we cannot use the code line at

anymore$ hy notH &ecause the numbers in column A are decimal numbers now$ -om+aring it

with Date !a whole number# would not gie any match$ !It would only gie a match with

12N22N2)14 at midnight e7actlyK# *he following code line does work:

I3 Int(Cells(i- 1).Value) = Date 4en Cells(i- 1).ont.Colo, = 8bRed

7+lanation: we sim+ly use the Int function$ *he Int function rounds a number down to the

nearest integer$ *his way we can get the dates without the times and com+are these dates with

Date$

esult:

1)$ Add the following code line to highlight all the cells containing times in the morning$

I3 (Cells(i- 1).Value & Int(Cells(i- 1).Value)) 5 !. 4en Cells(i- 1).ont.Colo, = 8bRed

7+lanation: we only need the decimals so therefore we subtract the integer +art$ /oon !halfwaythrough the day# is re+resented as )$$ Decimals lower than )$ are the times in the morning$

esult:


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DateDi( Function

*he ateiff functionin Excel VBAcan be used to get the number of days between two dates$


Dim J,stDate As Date- secondDate As Date- n As Intege,

J,stDate = DateValue("Kun 1E- 2!1!")

secondDate = DateValue("Kul 2- 2!1!")

n = DateDiB("d"- J,stDate- secondDate)

6sg+ox n

7+lanation: first, we declare two dates$ /e7t, we initiali3e the two dates using the Date%alue

function$ *he DateDiff function has three arguments$ 0ill in "d" for the first argument since we

want the number of days between two dates$ 0inally, we use a sg&o7 to dis+lay the number of

days between the two dates$



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-hange "d" to "ww" to get the number of weeks between two dates$ Place your cursor on

DateDiff in the %isual &asic ditor and click 01 for hel+ on the other interal s+ecifiers$

'eekdays

&elow we will look at a +rogram in Excel VBAthat calculates the number of "eekdaysbetween

two dates$

eekdays are: onday, *uesday, ednesday, *hursday and 0riday$

Situation:

/ote: Dates are in S 0ormat$ onths first, Days Second$ *his ty+e of format de+ends on your


1$ 0irst, we declare fie ariables$ date1 of ty+e Date, date2 of ty+e Date, date*o-heck of ty+e

Date, days&etween of ty+e Integer, weekdays of ty+e Integer and i of ty+e Integer$

Dim date1 As Date- date2 As Date- date4oCec; As Date

Dim das+et


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2$ e initiali3e four ariables$ e use the DateDiff function to initiali3e the ariable

days&etween$ *his function has three arguments$ e fill in "d" for the first argument since we

want the number of days between date1 and date2$


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esult:

Delay a )acro

*o e7ecute a sub in Excel VBAafter a specific time, use on*ime, /ow and the *ime%alue

function$ 0irst, +lace a sub into a module$

1$ .+en the %isual &asic ditorand click Insert, odule$

2$ Add the following sub with name reminder:

Sub ,eminde,()

6sg+ox "Don0t 3o,get ou, meeting at 1$.!"

*nd Sub

e want 7cel %&A to e7ecute this sub seconds after a command button is clicked$

2$ Place a command button on your worksheet and add the following code line:

Alication.n4ime o


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;$ If you want to e7ecute this sub at a s+ecific time, sim+ly use the following code line:

Alication.n4ime 4imeValue("1$9!!9!! am")- ",eminde,"

$ -lick the command button on the worksheet and wait until 1;:)) A to see your sub being

e7ecuted$

/ote: you will +robably not use 7cel %&A to remind yourself of an im+ortant meeting, but if

you do want, itBs best to +ut a macro like this in a orkbook .+en ent$ &y doing this, you will

automatically receie a reminder at 1;:)) A !you donBt hae to click a command button to

actiate the macro#$ .f course, you will only receie the reminder when you leae your

workbook o+en$

*ear +ccurrences

&elow we will look at a +rogram in Excel VBAthat counts the number of year occurrences$

Situation:
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/ote: Dates are in S 0ormat$ onths first, Days second$ *his ty+e of format de+ends on your


1$ 0irst, we declare three ariables of ty+e Integer$ .ne ariable we call year-ount, one ariable

we call yearAsk, and one ariable we call i$

Dim ea,Count As Intege,- ea,As; As Intege,- i As Intege,

2$ e initiali3e year-ount with the alue ) and yearAsk with the alue of cell -;$

ea,Count = !

ea,As; = Range("C$").Value

4$ e start a 0or /e7t loo+$

o, i = 1 4o 1

;$ e now check each date and only if the year of the date e


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ext i

($ 0inally, we dis+lay the total year occurrences$ e use the C o+erator to concatenate !oin# two

strings$

6sg+ox ea,Count 7 " occu,,ences in ea, " 7 ea,As;

6$ Place your macro in a command button and test it$

esult:

/ote: because we made yearAsk ariable, you can sim+ly count the number of year occurrences

of another year by entering another year in cell -;, and clicking on the command button again$

Tasks on Schedule

&elow we will look at a +rogram in Excel VBA that sets the background color of tasks that are

on scheduleto green, and sets the background color of tasks that are behind schedule to red$

Situation:

.n Sheet1 we hae three tasks !O, F, #$ A "1" indicates that a task has been com+leted$ A task is

on schedule if a "1" e7ist in eery column u+ to and including todayBs date$ *oday itBs (8un$

*asks O and F are on schedule$ *ask is behind schedule !no "1" in cell 5#$


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-reate a orksheet -hange ent$ -ode added to the orksheet -hange ent will be e7ecuted

by 7cel %&A when you change a cell on a worksheet$

1$ .+en the %isual &asic ditor$

2$ Double click on Sheet1 !Sheet1# in the Proect 7+lorer$

4$ -hoose orksheet from the left dro+8down list$ -hoose -hange from the right dro+8down list$

Add the following code lines to the orksheet -hange ent:

;$ Declare two ariables of ty+e Integer$

Dim i As Intege,- @ As Intege,
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$ Add a Do hile @oo+$

Do ile Cells( # i- 1).Value 5> ""

i = i # 1:oo

7+lanation: 0or i = ), 7cel %&A checks task O, for i = 1, task F, etc$ 7cel %&A leaes the Do

hile loo+ when -ells!( i, 1#$%alue is em+ty !no more tasks to check#$

Add the following code lines !at (, 6 and 5# to the Do hile @oo+$

($ Initiali3e the ariable with alue )$

@ = !

6$ Set the background color of a task to green assuming that a task is on schedule !this is not

necessarily true of course#$

Cells( # i- 1).Inte,io,.Colo,Index = $

5$ Add another Do hile @oo+$

Do ile Cells($- 2 # @).Value 5= Date

I3 Cells( # i- 2 # @).Value = ! 4en Cells( # i- 1).Inte,io,.Colo,Index =

@ = @ # 1

:oo

/ote: the Date function returns todayBs date$

7+lanation: 0or i = ), = ), 7cel %&A checks cell &($ 0or i = ), = 1, 7cel %&A checks cell

-(, etc$ A task is on schedule if a "1" e7ists in eery column u+ to and including todayBs date$ If

7cel %&A finds a ")", it sets the background color of the task to red$

?$ *est the +rogram$ 0or e7am+le, indicate that task on (8un has been com+leted$ As a result,

task will automatically turn green$
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Sort Birthdays

&elow we will look at a +rogram in Excel VBAthat sorts birthdaysto months first and days

second !so we ignore years#$ e want the birthday with the lowest month number at the first

+osition$ If there are birthdays with e


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/ote: Dates are in S 0ormat$ onths first, Days second$ *his ty+e of format de+ends on your


1$ 0irst, we declare eight ariables$ .ne Date ariable we call tem+Date, one String ariable we

call tem+/ame$ *he other si7 ariables are Integer ariables with names month*o-heck,

day*o-heck, month/e7t, day/e7t, i and $

Dim temDate As Date- temame As St,ing

Dim mont4oCec; As Intege,- da4oCec; As Intege,- montext As Intege,-daext As Intege,- i As Intege,- @ As Intege,

2$ e start two 0or /e7t loo+s$

o, i = 2 4o 1

o, @ = i # 1 4o 1

7am+le: for i = 2, = 4, ;, $$$ , 12 and 14 are checked$

4$ e initiali3e four Integer ariables$ e use the onth function to get the month of a date and

the Day function to get the day of a date$

mont4oCec; = mont(Cells(i- 2).Value)

da4oCec; = da(Cells(i- 2).Value)

montext = mont(Cells(@- 2).Value)

daext = da(Cells(@- 2).Value)


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0or e7am+le: at the start, for i = 2Q the date of &rege, and = i 1 = 2 1 = 4Q the date of /iels

will be chosen$

;$ *o sort the dates +ro+erly, we com+are the first date !month*o-heck and day*o-heck# with

the ne7t date !month/e7t and day/e7t#$ If the ne7t date is BlowerB, we swa+ the dates and names$

Add the following If *hen statement$

I3 (montext 5 mont4oCec;) , (montext = mont4oCec; And daext 5

da4oCec;) 4en

*nd I3

If the aboe statement is true, we swa+ the dates and names$

0or e7am+le: for i = 2 and = 4, the date of &rege and /iels are checked$ onth/e7t = (,

month*o-heck = 2$ *he aboe statement is not true since month/e7t is higher thanmonth*o-heck$ 7cel %&A increments by 1 and re+eats the code lines for i = 2 and = ;$ Fou

can easily see that Joost ! = ;# has a higher month number than &rege, so we go to the ne7t one$

e get the same result for = and = ($ hen we arrie at = 6, we hae the following

ariables: month/e7t = 2 and day/e7t = ?$ onth*o-heck = 2 and day*o-heck = 12$ /ow the

aboe statement is true since month/e7t = month*o-heck and day/e7t !?# is lower than

day*o-heck !12#$

$ eswa+the dates$ e tem+orarily store one date to tem+Date, so that 7cel %&A can swa+

the dates +ro+erly$ Add the following code lines in the If statement$

0s


56/77

day*o-heck at the start of our ne7t iteration !for i = 2 and = 5#$ e will now com+are ichard

with Dineke ! = 5#$ Fou can easily see that there is no need to re+lace those dates and names

because ichard has a BlowerB date$ As a matter of fact, there is no need to re+lace ichard !i = 2#

with Jan ! = ?#, endy ! = 1)#, Jeroen ! = 11#, John ! = 12# and Debby ! = 14#$ *hat is

because ichard has the BlowestB date$ *his way 7cel %&A will get !for i = 2# the BlowestB date at

the first +osition$ *o get the second BlowestB date at the second +osition, 7cel %&A re+eats the

e7act same ste+s for i = 4$ *o get the third BlowestB date at the third +osition, 7cel %&A re+eats

the e7act same ste+s for i = ;, etc$

5$ -lose the first 0or /e7t loo+ !.utside the If statement#$

ext i

?$ *est your +rogram$

esult:

Be,oreDoubleClick !%ent


57/77

-ode added to the orksheet Beforeouble#lick Eventwill be e7ecuted by Excel VBAwhen

you double click a cell on a worksheet$


2$ Double click on a sheet !for e7am+le Sheet1# in the Proect 7+lorer$

4$ -hoose orksheet from the left dro+8down list$ -hoose &eforeDouble-lick from the right

dro+8down list$

/ote: the BRB symbol is used to continue the statement on a new line !in order to show you the

com+lete code#$

Add the following code lines to the orksheet &eforeDouble-lick ent:

;$ *he code line below colors the actie cell red$

4a,get.ont.Colo, = 8bRed

$ Set the -ancel argument to true if you donBt want the default double click action !cell edit

mode# to occur$

Cancel = 4,ue

($ *est the +rogram by double clicking a cell on Sheet1$

esult:


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Highlight -cti%e Cell

&elow we will look at a +rogram in Excel VBAthat highlights the ro" and column of the

Active #ell!selected cell#$ *his +rogram will ama3e and im+ress your boss$

Situation:


59/77

ach time we change the Actie -ell on Sheet1, a macro needs to be e7ecuted$ Fou can achiee

this by creating a orksheet Selection-hange ent$



4$ -hoose orksheet from the left dro+8down list$ -hoose Selection-hange from the right dro+8

down list$


60/77

Add the following code lines to the orksheet Selection-hange ent:

;$ e declare four ariables of ty+e Integer$ .ne named row/umber%alue, one named

column/umber%alue, one named i and one named $

Dim ,o


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Create a Footer Be,ore #rinting

&elow we will look at a +rogram in Excel VBAthat creates a footer before printingaworkbook$

-reate a orkbook &eforePrint ent$ -ode added to the orkbook &eforePrint ent will be

e7ecuted by 7cel %&A before you +rint a workbook$


2$ Double click on *his orkbook in the Proect 7+lorer$

4$ -hoose orkbook from the left dro+8down list$ -hoose &eforePrint from the right dro+8downlist$

;$ *o create a footer, add the following code line to the orkbook &eforePrint ent:

Acti8eSeet.ageSetu.:e3toote, = Acti8eo,;boo;.ullame

/ote: *he PageSetu+ obect contains all +age setu+ attributes !left footer, bottom margin, +a+er

si3e, left margin, and so on# as +ro+erties$

$ *est the +rogram by +rinting your workbook$

esult:


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Bills and Coins

&elow we will look at a +rogram in Excel VBAthat s+lits an amount of money into bills and

coins$

Situation:





63/77




;$ Declare a ariable called amount of ty+e Double and a ariable i of ty+e Integer$

Dim amount As Double- i As Intege,

$ *he orksheet -hange ent listens to all changes on Sheet1$ e only want 7cel %&A to dosomething if something changes in cell &2$ *o achiee this, add the following code line:

I3 4a,get.Add,ess = "L+L2" 4en

($ e initiali3e the ariable amount with the alue of cell &2$

amount = Range("+2").Value

6$ e em+ty the range with the fre


64/77

?$ e will make use of the Do hile @oo+structure$ -ode +laced between these words will be

re+eated as long as the +art after Do hile is true$ e want 7cel %&A to re+eat the code lines

at ste+ 1) as long as amount is larger or e= Cells(i- 1).Value

:oo

1)$ Add the following code lines to the Do hile @oo+$

Cells(i- 2).Value = Cells(i- 2).Value # 1

amount = amount & Cells(i- 1).Value

7+lanation: as long as amount is larger or e


65/77

/ote: of course the entered amount does not necessarily contains eery billNcoin$ If amount does

not contain a certain billNcoin, the +art after Do hile neer becomes true for this billNcoin and

7cel %&A goes directly to the ne7t billNcoin$

Rolling -%erage Table

&elow we will look at a +rogram in Excel VBAthat creates a rolling average table$ Place a

command buttonon your worksheet and add the the following code line:

Range("+").Value = o,;seetunction.Rand+et


66/77







67/77


;$ Declare a ariable called newalue of ty+e Integer and two ranges !firstfouralues and

lastfouralues#$

Dim ne


68/77

?$ 0inally, enter the formula =A%AL!D4:D6# into cell D5$

1)$ *est the +rogram by clicking on the command button$

Dynamic -rray

If the si3e of your array increases and you donBt want to fi7 the si3e of the array, you can use the

$eim key"ord$ Excel VBAthen changes the si3e of the array automatically$

Add some numbers to column A$


1$ 0irst, we declare the array named numbers$ Also declare two ariables of ty+e Integer$ .ne

named si3e and one named i$

Dim numbe,s() As Intege,- siFe As Intege,- i As Intege,

/ote: the array has no si3e yet$ numbers, si3e and i are randomly chosen here, you can use any

names$ emember to refer to these names in the rest of your code$

2$ /e7t, we determine the si3e of the array and store it into the ariable si3e$ Fou can use the

worksheet function -ountA for this$ Add the following code line:

siFe = o,;seetunction.CountA(o,;seets(1).Columns(1))

4$ e now know the si3e of the array and we can redimension it$ Add the following code line:


69/77

ReDim numbe,s(siFe)

;$ /e7t, we initiali3e each element of the array$ e use a loo+$

o, i = 1 4o siFe

numbe,s(i) = Cells(i- 1).Valueext i

$ e dis+lay the last element of the array using a sg&o7$

6sg+ox numbe,s(siFe)

($ 7it the %isual &asic ditor and click the command button on the sheet$

esult:

6$ /ow to clearly see why this is called a dynamic array, add a number to column A$

5$ -lick the command button again$


70/77

-onclusion: 7cel %&A has automatically changed the si3e of this dynamic array$

?$ hen you use the eDim keyword, you erase any e7isting data currently stored in the array$

0or e7am+le, add the following code lines to the +reiously created code:

ReDim numbe,s()

6sg+ox numbe,s(1)

esult:

*he array is em+ty$

1)$ hen you want to +resere the data in the e7isting array when you redimension it, use the

Presere keyword$

ReDim ,ese,8e numbe,s()

6sg+ox numbe,s(1)

esult:


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-rray Function

*he Array functionin Excel VBAcan be used to


72/77

;$ Add .+tion &ase 1 to the Leneral Declarations section if you want the inde7 to start from 1$

esult when you click the command button again$

0or a +ractical e7am+le of the Array function, see our e7am+le +rogramonth /ames

)onth $ames

&elow we will look at a +rogram in Excel VBAwhich creates a !ser efined %unctionthat

uses the Array function to return the names of the months$

ser defined functions need to be +laced into a module$


2$ Add the following code line:
http://www.excel-easy.com/vba/examples/month-names.htmlhttp://www.excel-easy.com/vba/examples/user-defined-function.htmlhttp://www.excel-easy.com/vba/examples/user-defined-function.htmlhttp://www.excel-easy.com/vba/create-a-macro.html#visual-basic-editorhttp://www.excel-easy.com/vba/examples/month-names.htmlhttp://www.excel-easy.com/vba/examples/user-defined-function.htmlhttp://www.excel-easy.com/vba/create-a-macro.html#visual-basic-editor


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unction 64/A6*S()

*he name of our 0unction is ./*E/AS$ *he em+ty +art between the brackets means we

gie 7cel %&A nothing as in+ut$

4$ *he Array function allows us to assign alues to a %ariant array in one line of code$

64/A6*S = A,,a("Kan"- "eb"- "6a,"- "A,"- "6a"- "Kun"- "Kul"- "Aug"- "Se"-

"ct"- "o8"- "Dec")

;$ DonBt forget to end the function$

*nd unction

$ /ow you can use this function, ust like any other 7cel function, to return the names of the

months$ Select twele hori3ontal cells, enter the function =./*E/AS!# and +ress -*@

SEI0* /*$

esult:

/ote: you cannot delete a single month$ *o delete the months, select the range A1:@1 and +ress

Delete$ *his function is only aailable in this workbook$

Si.e o, an -rray

*o get the si&e of an arrayin Excel VBA, you can use the &ound and @&ound functions$


1$ 0irst, we need to declare the array$ .ur array has two dimensions$ It consists of rows and 2

columns$ Also declare two ariables of ty+e Integer$


74/77

Dim ilms(1 4o - 1 4o 2) As St,ing- x As Intege,- As Intege,

*he array may look like this$

2$ /e7t, we get the si3e of the array$ Add the following code lines:

x = ?+ound(ilms- 1) & :+ound(ilms- 1) # 1 = ?+ound(ilms- 2) & :+ound(ilms- 2) # 1

&ound!0ilms, 1# gies the u++er limit of the first dimension, which is $

@&ound!0ilms, 1# gies the lower limit of the first dimension, which is 1$

&ound!0ilms, 2# gies the u++er limit of the second dimension, which is 2$

@&ound!0ilms, 2# gies the lower limit of the second dimension, which is 1$

As a result, 7 e


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"ser Dened Function

&elow we will look at a +rogram in Excel VBAthat creates a !ser efined %unction$ 7cel hasa large collection of functions$ In most situations those functions are sufficient to get the ob

done$ If not, you can create your own function called ser Defined 0unction or custom Excel

function$ Fou can access a ser Defined 0unction ust like any other 7cel function$

e want to create a function called S%//&S that finds the sum of the een

numbers of a randomly selected range$

Situation:

ser defined functions need to be +laced into a module$


2$ Add the following code line:

unction S?6*V*?6+*RS(,ng As Range)

*he name of our 0unction is S%//&S$ *he +art between the brackets means we

gie 7cel %&A a range as in+ut$ e name our range rng, but you can use any name$

4$ /e7t, we declare a ange obect and call it cell$

Dim cell As Range

;$ e want to check each cell in a randomly selected range !this range can be of any si3e#$ In



76/77

o, *ac cell In ,ng

ext cell

/ote: cell is randomly chosen here, you can use any name$

$ /e7t, we check for each alue in this range whether it is een or not$ e use the od o+erator

for this$ *he od o+erator gies the remainder of a diision$ So 6 mod 2 would gie 1$ 6 is

diided by 2 !4 times# to gie a remainder of 1$ Eaing said this, it is easy to check whether a

number is een or not$ .nly if the remainder of a number diided by 2 is ), the number is een$ 5

mod 2 gies ), 5 is diided by 2 e7actly ; times, and therefore 5 is een$ Add the following If

statement to the 0or ach /e7t loo+$

I3 cell.Value 6od 2 = ! 4en

*nd I3

($ .nly if this statement is true, we add the alue to S%//&S$ Add the following

code line in the If statement$

S?6*V*?6+*RS = S?6*V*?6+*RS # cell.Value

6$ DonBt forget to end the function !outside the loo+#$

*nd unction

5$ /ow you can use this function, ust like any other 7cel function, to find the sum of the een

numbers of a randomly selected range$

esult:

ell doneK *hatBs how easy ser Defined 0unctions in 7cel %&A are$ /ote: this function is

only aailable in this workbook$


77/77

logical operator and

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