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DB2 Universal Database, the Robust Information Management Foundation

LOGO

D2 - 02 DB2 Universal Database.ppt 2

Why DB2 is a Better Database

� More Scalable Architecture� Take advantage of commodity platforms

� Modern Programming model

� Build-in automation for self management

� Lower cost

2


�

�

�� 1,000

Servers

UnlimitedCPUs

DB2 Scalability: Any Way You Need

� Scale in multiple dimensions� Transactions, connections, users� Data volumes, data types� Query complexity, mixed workloads

� Optimize database operations� Parallelism, partitioning, replication


1 10 20 30 40 501

10

20

30

40

50

CPUs Installed

CPU

s of

Per

form

ance

DB2 Near Linear SMP Scale up

Linear

Best in class SMPs

Good SMPs

Wintel SMPs

DB2 SMP with partitions

3


All measurements indicate tpmC and $/tpmCSource: http://www.tpc.org

429,899371,044

175,366 156,105 139,154

$5.26$4.53 $4.31

$5.07$4.99

0

300,000

600,000

900,000

$0

$5

$10

$15

$20

x445SQL Server

Avail. date: 09/30/04 09/30/04 06/30/04 08/31/04 12/31/03Result date: 08/31/04 07/12/04 06/30/04 03/01/04 06/30/03

p5-570Oracle

p5-570DB2

x445SQL Server

BullNovaScaleSQL Server

809,144

309,036 301,225 291,413237,869

$4.49 $4.56 $4.98 $5.08$4.95

0

300,000

600,000

900,000

$0

$5

$10

$15

$20


1,025,486

768,839 763,898683,575 680,613

$8.55 $8.25$5.99

$11.13

$5.43

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

$0

$10

$20

$30

$40

$50


3,210,540

1,008,144786,646 707,102

595,702$8.33$6.49 $7.16

$12.43

$5.19

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

$0

$10

$20

$30

$40

$50


16-way

32-way64-way

UnisysES7000Oracle

UnisysES7000

SQL Server

UnisysES7000

SQL Server

HPrx8620

SQL Server

p5-570DB2

NECExpressOracle

p690DB2

p690Oracle

p690DB2

p690DB2

FujitsuP’PowerOracle

p5-595DB2

HPSuperdome

Oracle

HPSuperdomeSQL Server

HPSuperdomeSQL Server

8-way

All results are as of 11/18/04.

DB2

DB2

DB2

DB2

Oracle

OracleOracle

Oracle

Microsoft

MicrosoftMicrosoft

TPC-C V5 Benchmark Performance Comparisons (Non-Clustered)


CPU

Mem

CPU

Mem

CPU

Mem

CPU

Mem

Separate Servers, Shared Disks

Disk Controllers

CPU

Mem

CPU

Mem

CPU

Mem

CPU

Mem

Shared NothingServer Clusters

Interconnect

Shared Everything SMP Servers

CPU CPU CPU CPU

Memory

System Bus

Different Architectures to Scale Up

Goal is to cluster computersto achieve higher performance

4


Hardware Coupling Facility(dedicated processors and memory)

Group BufferpoolsCentralized Lock Mechanism

Catalog Sharing

Hardware Coupling Facility(dedicated processors and memory)

Group BufferpoolsCentralized Lock Mechanism

Catalog Sharing � Hardware Coupling Facility exploitation for the entire environment

� Workload Management� DB2, CICS, MQ, …

� Hardware assisted locking� True shared caching

� DB2 for z/OS delivers a truly scalable shared disk architecture

� DB2 for z/OS delivers better availability

DB2 for z/OS Uses Shared Disk Architecture with Specialized Hardware

CPU

Mem

CPU

Mem

CPU

Mem

CPU

Mem

Disk Controllers


CPU

Mem

CPU

Mem

CPU

Mem

CPU

Mem

Shared NothingInterconnect

� Exploits commodity hardware� Uni’s, large SMPs, blades, clusters of small/large SMPs

� Low cost connectivity among the nodes� High speed switch or gigabit ethernet router

� No bottlenecks for I/O and bufferpool size at each partition� Does not grow as the partition grows

DB2 UDB Uses “Shared Nothing” For Commodity Servers

Access requests are assigned to relevant CPU’s

Database is partitioned into separate disks

5


Scalability Enhancements Extend to Linux�Asynchronous, DIRECT, & Vectored I/O

�Large pages for enhanced memory usage

�Processor affinity for increased scalability and parallelism

� Integrated high-availability and failover (HADR and TSA)

�Linux kernel 2.6 parallelism & clustering exploitation

�Complete 64 bit DB2 Linux support

�Unlimited scalability with DPF


Separate Servers- Each running an Oracle

instance

Fiber Channel Switch- For concurrent

access to shared storage

Single storage with single copy of the database

Emulates coupling facility in software

No shared cache■ Caches in each server

must be synchronized

Oracle RAC Shared Disk Architecture

Performance bottlenecks limit scale up� Buffer pools in each server grow with

disk size� I/O requirement grow with partition� Cache and locking synchronization create

delay

6


Oracle RAC Demonstrates Poor Scaling

Oracle (64way) vs Oracle RAC (2x64w ay)

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

1x64w ay no RAC 2x64w ays w / RAC

Qph

H

For a 2 node RAC Cluster■ You get only 76% scalability■ But you pay 136% more

April 2005March 2004Availability

136% moreMuch more than linear

$13,915,826$5,800,675Total Cost

76% moreLess than linear

86,282 QphH

49,104 QphH

Performance

Percent DifferenceOracle on 2 64ways

with RAC

Oracle on 1 64way

Results as of 11/15/2004For further information see http://www.tpc.org/

Pay 136%

more to get 76% scaling


Oracle RAC Limits Scalability

� The more nodes you have, the more serious the bottleneck constraints are� Most Oracle customers are running just 2 nodes with RAC for High

Availability (HA)� Beyond 4 nodes is VERY uncommon� In a 4 node cluster, cache synchronization consumes 12% of each

server

� In order to get support you must run a “certified”configuration

� For applications to perform in RAC, they need to be designed and partitioned to reduce inter-node communication

7


No application partitioning

resulted in 30% performance

drop

Oracle RAC: “run any packaged or custom application unchanged”- http://www.oracle.com/database/rac_home.html

From Oracle’s own technical document:

Redesign Applications to Scale Up in Oracle RAC


1 16

1000

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Maximum Number of Nodes Certifiedfor a Database Cluster

Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Oracle 9iR2 IBM DB2 V8.1

DB2 is Unmatched in Scale Out Clustering

� Oracle RAC current certified configurations:� Dell hardware 8 nodes, HP hardware 8 nodes, IBM hardware 12 nodes

� IBM DB2 certified to 1000 nodesSource: IBM DB2 Competitive Research

8


User scalability (Siebel 7) � 30,000 concurrent users� All end user response times < 0.25 secs.

Connection scalability (J.D. Edwards)� 40,000+ DB2 connections

16,800

8,900

4,537

Use

rs

DB2 Oracle SQL Server

DB2 Data scalability� Many 10TB+ production customers� The first to deliver a 10TB TPC-H

benchmark result

DB2 is Unmatched for Data, Connection, and User Scalability

Over 40,000 DB2 connections

Source: IBM DB2 Competitive Research


DB2 Scalability in Production

� Large Insurance Company� Two systems

− 128 4way pSeries servers with 76TB of storage− 130 4way pSeries servers with 36TB of storage

� Large Telco� 68 8way pSeries servers (528 processors)� Supporting 250 million Call Detail Records loaded per day� 4.5 Billion transactions per day

� Large Retail� 2 32way p690 servers with 6TB of initial data

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DB2 High Availability Disaster Recovery (HADR)

� Failover to standby Database server� Failover is 100% of

pre-failure performance

� Continue operating� Fast failover� Automatic client reroute

� Easy to set up

Client

Primary DatabaseServer

Standby DatabaseServer

Application Server

SystemFailover

automaticreroute

HADR


DEMO: DB2 HADR Simple & Easy Takeover

� One click or a single command failover� Simple takeover: switches the roles primary/standby� Takeover by force: switches the roles without coordinating

− New primary places logs in memory, performs undo (no I/O needed)− SAP Test: 600 simultaneous users to a standby server in 11 seconds

PrimaryAnd

Standby

SpecifyAnd

Configure

SaveAnd

Review

� Wizard driven HADR setup

Select andInitialize

Copy / restoreTCP/IP

Client reroutingSynchronization

Activate nowOr later

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Logs

Log writer

HADR

Primary

Logs

HADR

Log writer

Standby

� DB2 HADR solutions� Onsite standby� Offsite disaster recovery

TCP/IP

receive()send()

� Mode (against transaction loss)

Implement DB2 HADR to Meet Your Needs

Failover is 100% of pre-failure performance

Update

Asynchronous Mode

� Asynchronous− Commit occurs on “send()”


Logs

Log writer

HADR

Primary

Logs

HADR

Log writer

Standby


TCP/IP

receive()send()

� Mode (against transaction loss)� Asynchronous

− Commit occurs on “send()”� Near-Synchronous

− Commit occurs on “receive()”



Update

Near-Synchronous Mode

11


Logs

Log writer

HADR

Primary

Logs

HADR

Log writer

Standby


TCP/IP

receive()send()

� Mode (against transaction loss)� Asynchronous

− Commit occurs on “send()”� Near-Synchronous

− Commit occurs on “receive()”� Synchronous

− Commit occurs on transaction complete



Update

Synchronous Mode


< 60 secTotal failover time20 secRecover Database

n/aRestart Databasen/aFailover disk volumes

5 secReconfigure distributed locks15 secReconfigure group membership

Oracle RACFailover operation

< 30 sec20 sec

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

DB2 HADR

Presentation given by Marshall Presser Principal Technologist Oracle Corporation to the Beowolf users group 11 May, 2004

DB2 HADR Advantages Over Oracle RAC� No requirement for concurrent access storage, no disk takeover time

� Bufferpool primed on Standby with recent updates� Reduces restart recovery time on standby

� 100% performance after primary failure

� Fast failover in real world usage� An SAP workload, failed over 600 SAP users in 11 seconds� A Telco 3.5 KTXs (80/20 read/write)/min workload, failover in 9 seconds

12


DB2 Provides Better Availability

The Solitaire Report Covers 600+ Production Systems

Source: Solitaire Interglobal; Whitepaper: DB2 Performance on IBM eServer pSeries and xSerieshttp://www-306.ibm.com/software/data/highlights/availability.html


� Auto RUNSTATS� Improves data access� Automated Learning Optimizer

� Fast data access� Optimizer for query rewrite and advanced SQL capabilities� Materialized Query Tables (MQT): optimized data caching� Multidimensional Clustering (MDC): optimized data storage

� Workload management� Throttle utility, Query Governor, and Query Patroller

� Build on top of DB2 leading database technologies� Starburst (exhaustive) Optimizer� DB2 (kernel) extenders and multiple index types� Materialized Query Tables and parallelism

DB2 Advanced Technologies for Performance

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Plan Execution

Optimizer

Best Plan

Statistics

Estimated Cardinaliti

es

EstimatedCardinalities

ActualCardinalities

Statistical Profile

Auto.RUNSTATS

Column Group (Correlation) Stats.

OptimizerFeedback

Warehouse

Background Process

Online, Throttled, and non-contentious

Profiling Sampling

DB2 Automated Learning OptimizerAutomated RUNSTATS: fast data access via optimized plans

� Leading detection and optimization technology with self-learning

� Profile for self-learning� Sample stats for efficiency

� Determines statistics needed and column groups

� Reactive and preemptive� Transparent and silent

execution


Multidimensional Clustering (MDC)� Organize Databased on dimensions

� Queries skip portions of table that don’t qualify� Data automatically clustered (no REORG) in DB2

Point1D Range

2D RangeCell

ANDingORing

MultiJoin0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70MDC nonMDC

“The new multidimensional data clustering capability has improved performance of our most complex queries by up to 30 times while removing the need for additional reorganization.” --Ken Ross, Senior Vice President and CTO, Thomson West

Materialized Query Tables (MQT) � Caches results for faster access� DB2 automatically

� Cache data from other sources � Reroute queries to MQTs� Maintain MQTs if base data change

DB2 Server

OracleServer

Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 OracleTable 1

MQT_1 MQT2

DB2 Fast Data Access with MQT and MDC

14


�Advanced Optimizer for complex queries� Cost model, statistics and optimizer (from IBM R&D)� Optimizes the entire query

− No reliance on user hints (as others do)− Considers constraints, triggers, and RI in building access plan− Remove joins, push down group by, etc

� Advanced SQL capabilities

�Advanced technologies for OLTP performance� Eliminate I/O bottleneck by reducing logging amount� Leverage large memory with multiple buffer pools� Large number of users support

− Low memory footprint per user− Connection concentrator

DB2 Ad-hoc Query and OLAP Performance


Source: SAP, Siebel, Baan published application benchmark results as of December 15, 2004

3-tier

2-tier

PSPP @ 30k

3-tier SD

#1

2-tier SD

64way 2-tier SD

16way 2-tier SD

8way 2-tier SD

4way 2-tier SD

DB2 has Performance Leadership in e-business Application Benchmarks

15



� More Scalable Architecture� Take advantages of commodity platforms



� Lower cost


“Presentation”Design, flow,and layout

“Business”Process and

Application logic

“Data”Data mgmt and Legacy systems

Fundamentals Do Not Change Often� Industrial revolution

� Division of labor− Divide and conquer: for overall productivity

� Specialization− Do what you do best: for individual productivity

� Modern server side programming model� Multi-layered programming model� Middleware and container services� Decoupling of interdependency, enabling Service Oriented

Architecture (SOA)

16


Database

Web Container

JSP Page Servlet Enterprise JavaBean

RMI- IIOP EJB Container

J2SE J2SE

JTA

JMS

JAA

S

JavaMail

JAF

Connectors

JAX

P

JDB

C

JavaMail

JAF

JTA

JMS

JAA

S

Connectors

JAX

P

JDB

C

WebSphere supports

J2EE

Oracle supports

J2EE

J2EE with Container ServicesMakes Server-Side Programming Easier

� Containers provide runtime services to application components� EJB container facilitates business logic� Data layer provides data to the business logic� Database administration is separated from business logic/presentation

layout issues


WindowsWindows

WebSphere Application

Server

LinuxLinux


Server

UNIXUNIX(AIX, HP(AIX, HP--UX, Solaris)UX, Solaris)


Server

OS/400OS/400


Server

zOSzOS


Server

J2EE Application

RationalApplicationDeveloperWehSphere/J2EE

makes it a reality, today!

J2EE Promise Application Platform Portability

17


Oracle Supports J2EE But Continues to Encourage PL/SQL

� PL/SQL is a proprietary database manipulation language� It only executes inside the Oracle Database server� It is old, pre-Java era (1980s)� It’s augmented with general programming constructs

� Published expert advice to Oracle customers:“any and all business logic is ideal to put in plsql”

---AskTom.oracle.com, "Business Logic - PL/SQL Vs Java - Reg", September 2004


Oracle Supports J2EE But Continues to Encourage PL/SQL

� What if I use PL/SQL for my business application?� Business application and data management logics inter-locked� Business application cannot utilize container services

− Program your own services in your applications� Business application portability limited to Oracle database

Your business applications are locked inwith an old Oracle only technology!

18



� More scalable architecture� Take advantages of commodity platforms

� Modern programming model


� Lower cost


� Control, Health, Replication, Task Centers

� Configuration, Design, and other Advisors

� Event Analyzer, Memory Visualizer

� Configuration Assistant

� Create database, table space, table using wizards

� Load and restore data with wizards

� More . . .

� Wizards and Tools� Over 65 of them

� Automated expert advice� Advisors

� “Built-in” automation� Optimization, parallelism, …

DB2 V8.2 has 200+ enhancements

Lower skills / resources requiredBetter system utilization

DB2 Autonomic Management

“We would have needed three times that many DBAs, at least, to run Oracle”

-CIO, GetRelevant, BusinessWeek Online ( Nov, 01)

19


1. User description of basic operational questions

2. Automatic hardware characteristic detection

� System Information: # of disks, RAM, CPU information, O/S features)

� Database information (size, number of tables, number of indexes, number of table spaces

� Bufferpool information (name, size, numbers, etc.)

3. Combine configuration parameters with mathematical model and expert heuristics

The Configuration Advisor –2 Second Tuning


Selects a database design for the best workload response time

Design Advisor recommendation summary� 20 new indexes� 6 new MDC dimensions� 4 new partitioning keys� 2 new MQTs

Performance improvement

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Baseline New des ign

Rel

ativ

e W

orkl

oad

exec

utio

n tim

e

84.54% time reduction

6.46x faster

� Design based on�A given SQL workload�Auto detected database and

system characteristics

� Capabilities� Index selection�Materialized Query Tables

selection (MQT Advisor)�Multidimensional Clustering

selection (MDC Advisor)�Partitioning selection

(Partitioning Advisor)

� Simple and ease to use Server: AIX 5.2, DB2 V8.2 32-bit, 8 CPUs with 4 MLNs

The Design Advisor

20


� Health Center� Health Monitor

− High Availability (Fault) Monitor� Automatic problem identification

and recommendations� User choice of actions and

automatic execution

DEMO: DB2 UDB Health Center


DB2 Autonomic Maintenance� Problem Determination

� Integrated Log and Trace Analyzer Tools− Integrates all logs within a business solution (e.g. Portal, Application Server,

Database, Systems Management)− Single point of control within a multi-component solution − Correlate information from components within a solution

� Tools & APIs for message logging and simplified trace− APIs produce easy to understand diagnostic messages − To troubleshoot and monitor− To search, filter and format DB2 message logs

� Automated backup, reorg, and runstats� Alert or perform them automatically

� Thin runtime client� ~12 megabytes� Easy to embed in tools, applications� Rapid enterprise deployment

21


DB2 8.1 vs Oracle 10g Query Response Time

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Oracle Min Oracle Max DB2 Min DB2 Max

� Before a query starts (Query Patroller)� Stop long running queries

− E.g. scheduled for later execution� Excess workload queued to prevent

system overload� Restricts workload to enable mixed

workloads

� After a query starts (Throttle Utilities, Query Governor)

� Changes the query priority or kills it− Based on predefined resource

consumption− E.g. CPU used, locks held, time

executed, etc

� Monitor the system (Query Patroller)

DB2 Proactive Workload Management


� Common Criteria EAL4+� National Information

Assurance Partnership

“Security is the other monster under the bed (reliability is the other), and Microsoft hasn’t slain it yet” --Charlie Gary

According to Litchfield, there are 34 flaws in Oracle's [10g] database product, among them remote, unauthenticated overflows that can be used to gain control of the system. August 3, 2004 – SiliconValley.com

� DB2 V8.2 is certified� Oracle 10g is not� Micorsoft SQL Server 2000 is not

� Data Encryption on the “Wire”

� DB2 Security Exit � Use of kerberos, OS or other

authentication mechanisms

� Security costs (e.g. $4334/patch)� Patch identification / testing $3250� Patch deployment $1084

Is Your DBMS as Secure as It is Claimed?

22



� More Scalable Architecture� Take advantages of commodity platforms



� Lower cost


� All DB2 Servers Support HADR

� Must use SQL Server Enterprise Edition if you want HA clusters

� DB2 Express 64-bit versions now available

DB2 Express List Price is Lower Than Microsoft’s Discounted Business One Pricing

23


IBM High Availability is Less Expensive and Provides Better Performance

P570 4way p5 570 = $50k4 cpu DB2 ESE = $106k

Total Price = $156k

P570

DB2 on 4way p5 570DB2 on 4way p5 570Add in a passive Standby

2x4way p5 570 = $100k5 cpu DB2 ESE = $132k

Total Price = $232k

Oracle RAC on 2 4way AMDServers running Linux

2x4way AMD = $56k8 cpu Oracle/RAC = $480k

Total Price = $536k

P570 P570DB2 on 8way p5 570Add in a passive Standby

2x8way p5 570 = $200k9 cpu DB2 ESE = $238k

Total Price = $438k

Oracle RAC on 4 4way AMDServers running Linux

4x4way AMD = $112k16 cpu Oracle/RAC = $960kTotal Price = $1,072k

Oracle mustgive 66% discount to equal DB2 “List Price”

DB2 100% performance after failure

Oracle RAC 75% performance after failure

Source: IBM DB2 Competitive Research


� There are a multitude of studies available that compare the total cost of ownership of DB2

� DB2 leads beyond just licensing costs

Analysts Find DB2 Provides Better Value

24


*Analysis by Market Magic Ltd., January, 2003

Off-the-shelf Application Custom Web Application Business Intelligence

Better than:Oracle by 49 - 70%Microsoft by 7% - 36%

5-Year Cost of Ownership* Across Applications

IBM Oracle Microsoft

DB2 is TCO Leader Across Applications


DB2 v.8.2.2 is Optimized for SAPImproved ROI, Performance, and Lower TCO

� Ease deployment and ongoing maintenance� Silent DB2 install as part of SAP installation� A SAP parameter to auto-configure SAP environments� Automatic on demand storage adjustment� Access DBA functions through SQL

� Ensure high performance and availability� New TPC-C benchmark� SAP BW performance gains� Extend support for 64-bit

� Enriched diagnostics for troubleshooting� Reduce troubleshooting with rich diagnostics� Ensure consistent access paths regardless of workload or

DB2 version

25



Leader in cost performance�

Lower cost

Autonomic and optimized�

Built-in automation for self management

.NET proprietary

PL/SQLJ2EE open standards�

Modern Programming model

Small scale SMPBottlenecksPerformance

and scale�More Scalable Architecture

MicrosoftOracleDB2


Cut Your Costs

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