loic nunez & denis boudreau june, 2008 – upa conference

Ergonomics & Accessibility: WCAG 1.0 checkpoints illustrated by Bastien-

Scapin's ergonomics criterias

Loic Nunez & Denis BoudreauJune, 2008 – UPA Conference

Summary

Introduction Use cases 1 & 2 Merging WCAG 1.0 & Scapin-Bastien's criterias An extending approach to website auditing Questions & Answers

Introduction

Denis BOUDREAU

General director, AccessibilitéWeb Accessibility and web standards expert ISO user interface committee member SGQRI-008 co-writer (Quebec Gov. accessibility standard)

Loic NUNEZ

Director, user experience group, TechSolCom Usability & Accessibility expert Member of AccessibilitéWeb Msc. in cognitive ergonomics & Msc. in psychology

Summary


Use case 1: An Accessible web page, but not for all...

A product page, viewed normally (1024x768) and viewed with a strong zooming adjustment (x5 with Zoomtext)

Where is the price?

Use case 2: Top 200 accessible websites of 2007 in Quebec

Summary Methodology Checklists Findings

Online Study

Summary


Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias

Guidance User Guidance refers to the means available to advise, orient, inform, instruct, and guide the users throughout their interactions with a computer.

The Guidance criterion is subdivided into four criterias: - Prompting,- Grouping/Distinction of Items, - Immediate Feedback, - Legibility.

Guidance


Workload The Workload criterion concerns all interface elements that play a role in the reduction of the users’ perceptual or cognitive load, and in the increase of the dialogue efficiency.

This criterion is subdivided into two criteria: - Brevity - Information Density.

Guidance

Workload


Explicit Control The criterion Explicit Control concerns both the system processing of explicit user actions, and the control users have on the processing of their actions by the system.

This criterion is subdivided into two criteria: - Explicit User Action - User Control.

Guidance

Workload

Explicit Control


Adaptability The adaptability of a system refers to its capacity

to behave contextually and according to the users’ needs and preferences.

The criterion Adaptability is subdivided into two

criteria: - Flexibility - User Experience.

Guidance

Workload

Explicit Control

Adaptability


Error Management The Error Management criterion refers to the

means available to prevent or reduce errors and to recover from them when they occur. Errors are defined in this context as invalid data entry, invalid format for data entry, incorrect command syntax, etc.

This criterion is subdivided into three criteria: - Error Protection - Quality of Error Messages - Error Correction.

Guidance

Workload

Explicit Control

Adaptability

Error Management


Consistency The Consistency criterion refers to the way

interface design choices (codes, naming, formats, procedures, etc.) are maintained in similar contexts, and are different when applied to different contexts.

Guidance

Workload

Explicit Control

Adaptability

Error Management

Consistency


Significance of codes The Significance of Codes criterion qualifies the

relationship between a term and/or a sign and its reference. Codes and names are significant to the users when there is a strong semantic relationship between such codes and the items or actions they refer to.

Guidance

Workload

Explicit Control

Adaptability

Error Management

Consistency

Significance of codes


Compatibility The Compatibility criterion refers to the match

between users’ characteristics (memory, perceptions, customs, skills, age, expectations, etc.) and task characteristics on the one hand, and the organisation of the output, input, and dialogue for a given application, on the other hand. This criterion also concerns the coherence between environments and between applications.

Guidance

Workload

Explicit Control

Adaptability

Error Management

Consistency


Compatibility


Accessibility directives & how they relate to usability principles

WCAG 1.0 rules and checkpoints reorganized WCAG 1.0 checkpoints classified by themes


Theme N°1 : Structure

- Such as: Semantic information to pages and sites (title tag), header elements to convey document structure (h1 to h6), etc.

- Relates to: Guidance & Consistency

Structure


Theme N°2 : Textual Equivalent

- Such as: Providing text equivalent for every non-text element like images, imagemaps, animations, etc. (in the form of alt, title or longdesc attributes), etc.

- Relates to: Consistency

Textual Equivalents

Structure


Theme N°3 : Multimedia Content

- Such as: Providing text equivalent for every non-text element like animations, video, audio, applets, downloadable documents, etc. (with appropriate means), etc.

- Relates to: Consistency

Multimedia Content

Textual equivalents

Structure


Theme N°4 : Forms

- Such as: Creating explicit associations between labels and form controls, dividing large blocks of information into more manageable groups, etc.

- Relates to: Guidance, Explicit Control, Error Management, Significance of codes

Forms

Multimedia Content

Textual Equivalents

Structure


Theme N°5 : Tables

- Such as: Identifying row and column headers for data tables, associating data cells and header cells with proper markup, not using tables for layout unless the table makes sense when linearized, etc.

- Relates to: Guidance, Workload, Adaptability, Significance of codes

Tables

Forms

Multimedia Content

Textual Equivalents

Structure


Theme N°6 : Page Layout

- Such as: Using CSS to control layout and presentation, organizing documents so they may be read without CSS, ensuring that all information conveyed with color is also available without color, etc.

- Relates to: Adaptability

Page Layout

Tables

Forms

Multimedia Content

Textual Equivalents

Structure


Theme N°7 : Validation

- Such as: Creating documents that validate to published formal grammars, avoiding deprecated features of W3C technologies, etc.

- Relates to: N ̸� ̸A

Validation

Page Layout

Tables

Forms

Multimedia Content

Textual Equivalents

Structure


Theme N°8 : Interactivity

- Such as: Ensuring that pages are usable when scripts, applets, or other programmatic objects are turned off or not supported, ensuring that equivalents for dynamic content are updated when the dynamic content changes, etc.

- Relates to: Guidance, Consistency, Compatibility

Interactivity

Validation

Page Layout

Tables

Forms

Multimedia Content

Textual Equivalents

Structure


Theme N°9 : Navigation

- Such as: Using navigation mechanisms in a consistent manner, not using markup to redirect pages automatically, not creating periodically auto-refreshing pages, etc.

- Relates to: Guidance, Workload, Consistency

Navigation

Interactivity

Validation

Page Layout

Tables

Forms

Multimedia Content

Textual Equivalents

Structure


Theme N°10 : Comprehension

- Such as: Using the clearest and simplest language appropriate for a site's content, clearly identifying changes in the natural language of a document's text and any text equivalents, etc.

- Relates to: Workload, Significance of codes

Comprehension

Navigation

Interactivity

Validation

Page Layout

Tables

Forms

Multimedia Content

Textual Equivalents

Structure


Theme N°11 : Frames

- Such as: Titling each frame to facilitate frame identification and navigation, describing the purpose of frames and how frames relate to each other if it is not obvious by frame titles alone, etc.

- Relates to: Explicit Control

Frames

Comprehension

Navigation

Interactivity

Validation

Page Layout

Tables

Forms

Multimedia Content

Textual Equivalents

Structure

Merging Summary of criterias & themes relationship (overview)

Guidance

Workload

Explicit Control

Adaptability

Error Management

Consistency


Compatibility

Structure – Forms –Tables – Links – Colors – Interactivity - Navigation

Forms – Tables – Multimedia content – Navigation - Comprehension

Interactivity – Multimedia content – Forms - Frames

Tables – Page Layout –Multimedia content

Forms – User controls

Structure – Text equivalent – Interactivity – Navigation - Colors

Forms – Tables - Comprehension

Multimedia content – Interactivity

Summary

Introduction Use cases 1 & 2 Merging WCAG 1.0 & Scapin-Bastien's criterias An extending approach to Website auditing Questions & Answers

An extanding approach to Website auditing

Conduct an ergonomics audit based on Scapin-Bastien's criterias

Conduct an accessibility audit based on the WCAG 1.0 checkpoints

Integrate the results of both analysis in one referential document

Make recommendations on the ergonomics quality of a website, including technical qualities related to accessibility checkpoints that are not related to ergonomics (CSS validation, alts attributes, etc.)

Plan user testing with specific participants: disabilities, senior, young and all relevant target audiences

Compile expert analysis and user testing results in order to propose realistic, applicable improvement solutions that answer to the users‘ needs and meet their capabilities in regards to the application or website.

Summary

Introduction Use cases 1 & 2 Merging WCAG 1.0 & Scapin-Bastien's criterias An extending approach to Website auditing Questions & Answers

Questions & Answers

Thank you for your attention. Any questions?

This presentation is available at:

http://www.accessibiliteweb.com/conferences/06/upa-baltimore

loic nunez & denis boudreau june, 2008 – upa conference

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