Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Projects

Alfons Weber 18 January 2004

RAL/CCLRC

Jan 2005 2

Overview

Current statussee S. King’s talkglobal fits

Experiments coming soonMINOSOPERAIKARUS

Experiments coming not so soonT2KNOvA

Jan 2005 3

Results of Global Fits

Jan 2005 4

The MINOS Experiment

• NuMI beam to Soudan in MN (distance 735 km)

• Sagitta:10 km• >1 km wide at destination

Jan 2005 5

The NuMI Beam“Neutrinos at the Main Injector”

•NuMI has 400kW primary proton beam

120 GeV8.67 µsec spill1.9 sec rep rate5 Booster batches

(2.5×1013 prot/spill)

p beam

Pion beam

Jan 2005 6

νµ CC Energy AnalysisSelect νµ charge current events

Energy resolution:

Compare energy spectrum in near and far detectorMeasure ∆m2 and sin22θ

hEEE += µν

range, B field calorimetric

EEE

pp

hh /%60/

%10/

=∆

=∆ µµ

∆m2

sin22θ

Jan 2005 7

MINOS SensitivityMuon Disappearance Measurement

Jan 2005 8

CNGS BeamBaseline: 730 km<Eν> = 17 GeVoptimised for τappearance

CERN Neutrinos to Grand Sasso

CERN SPSEp = 400 GeV4.8*1013 ppp cycle 6 - 27.6 sec7.6*1019 pot/year

• Experiments– OPERA– ICARUS

Jan 2005 9

brick(56 Pb/Em. “cells”)

8 cm (10X0)

Jan 2005 10

OPERA ντ Candidates

“ Long decays″reconstruct kink topology

“ Short decays ″detect large impact parameter track

Loose cut to reject low momentum tracks

Jan 2005 11

OPERA: ∆m2

OPERA90 % CL in 5 years

(mixing constrained by SuperK)90 % CL limits * ∆m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

1.5 3.2 5.0

Upper limit 2.1 3.8 5.6

Lower limit 0.8 2.6 4.3(U - L) / (2*True) 41 % 19 % 12 %

Nτ / year 0.82 2.82 3.66

* assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given ∆m2

Probability to observe SuperK signal

years P3σ P4σ

3 93% 83%

5 96% 91%

Jan 2005 12

ICARUS

Liquid Argon TPC Physics Program

Nucleon DecayAtmospheric NeutrinosSolar NeutrinosBeam Neutrinos

Electronic bubble chamber

Jan 2005 13

2

El.m. shower

Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane

2 4 6 1812Wire coord. (m)

2Drift coord. (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

µ stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) µ track with δ-ray spots

El.m. shower

T600 test @ Pv: Run 201 - Evt 12

1

Jan 2005 14

The Status so farSolar Neutrinos

good measurement

Atmospheric Neutrinosinitial measurement

Precision measurement to follow soonMINOS

What is missing?

0122 5 212

30

7 10 eVm

θ−

≈

∆ ≈ ×

0232 3 223

45

2 10 eVm

θ−

≈

∆ ≈ ×

or e µ τν ν ν→

µ τν ν→

Jan 2005 15

The Missing Pieces

1312 13 13 12 1

23 12 12 23 12 23 12 23 13 23 2

23 12 12 23 12

13 13

23 23 1213 13 13 23 3

ei i

i i

c c c sc s e c s c c e s s c s

s

s s e c c c s e c s cs

cs

s s

δ

δτ

δ

δµ

ν νν νν ν

⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞⎛ ⎞⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟= − − −⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟− − −⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠

One mixing angle largely unknown: θ13Small, only limits existResults in sub-dominant oscillations

CP violating phase δPossible large CP violation in lepton sectorMay give hints towards GUTWhy are we here?

matter vs. anti-matter asymmetry

eµν ν→

Jan 2005 16

Sub-Dominant OscillationsSome Math:

A. Cervera et al., Nuclear Physics B 579 (2000) 17 – 55,

expansion to second order in 12 1213 12

23

, , , LA

θ ∆ ∆∆

∆

P (νµ → νe) = P1 + P2 + P3 + P4

Jan 2005 17

Why Off-Axis?

0

100

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0 2 4 6 8 100

100

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0 2 4 6 8 100

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0 2 4 6 8 10

Jan 2005 18Next generation LBL experiments in Japan“T2K neutrino project”

• Baseline ~295 km• Energy ~ 1 GeV• Sensitive to

•Θ13 andδ

1st phase 0.75MW

Beam power

2nd phase ~4MW

Far detector

SuperKamiokande(50kt)

HyperKamiokande(1Mt)

PhysicsXννµ →disappearance

appearance eννµ →NC measurements

CP violationProton decay

Jan 2005 19

Sensitivities in first phase(5yrs)

δ(si

n2 2θ 2

3)δ(∆m

232

)

0.01

1×10-4

True ∆m232 (eV2)

d(sin22θ)~0.01 d(∆m2) ~<1×10-4

OAB-2degree

Search for νe appearance νµ disappearance

excludedby reactor

132

2322 2sinsin2sin θθθµ ⋅≡e

~0.5sin22θ13>0.006 (90%)sin22θ13>0.018 (3σ) w/ beam MC, & full SK det. simulation

x20

Sensitive

in 5 years

Jan 2005 20

NOvA: Potential Sites

Vermilion Bay, Ontario,CN980 km, 18 km up

Fort Frances, Ontario,CN875 km, 9 km up

Ash River, MN825 km, 5 km up

Buyck, MN775 lm, 2 km up

LTV site, MN715 km, 1 km down

MINOS Location735 km

Jan 2005 21

NOvA (TASD)

Totally Active Scintillator Detector

Jan 2005 22

NOvA (TASD) Performance

Jan 2005 23

Physics Reach

Jan 2005 24

ComparisonP. H

uber et al. hep-ph/0403068

T2K

NOvA

Jan 2005 25

Mass Hierarchy (sign of ∆m213)

CombineT2KNOvA

Use right baseline to determine sign of ∆m2

13

best, if E/L is the same! S.

Par

ke@

Arg

onne

NuM

I OA

mee

ting

Jan 2005 26

CP violation & Mass Hierarchy

Jan 2005 27

Summary

In LBL ExperimentsNeutrino Oscillation well established

Next generation of detectors precision measurements of some parameters

New generation of experiments might reveal unknown neutrino parameters

Masses & hierarchyAnglesCP phase

Jan 2005 28

KamLAND

Jan 2005 29

Measured Energy Spectrum

Jan 2005 30

“Solar” Neutrino Results

Jan 2005 31

Jan 2005 32

Zenith Angle Distribution

Jan 2005 33

SuperKamiokande Results

Jan 2005 34

K2K Experiment

Jan 2005 35

K2K Results