long-duration energy storage and pv: renewable energy’s bffs

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2015 Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015 0 Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs Craig R. Horne, Ph.D. Santa Clara Valley IEEE PV Society May 13, 2015 content within this presentation is provided courtesy of EnerVault Corporation

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Page 1: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

2015 Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015 0

Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R. Horne, Ph.D.

Santa Clara Valley IEEE PV Society

May 13, 2015

content within this presentation is provided courtesy of EnerVault Corporation

Page 2: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Outline

!  Markets & Drivers

!  Illustrative Projects

!  Configuring Storage Systems

!  Storage Architectures

!  Impact on PV Projects

1

Page 3: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

What this talk is (mostly) about –

MW-scale, Long-Duration Energy Storage for Electricity Supply (Wholesale Markets)

What this talk is (mostly) not about –

kW-scale Energy Storge for Residential or Commercial Applications

MW-scale, Short-Duration Energy Storage for Wholesale Markets

Page 4: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Energy Storage Markets Are Global

Entity Size (Power) Duration (Energy) Description

CA 1,360 MW 2-4 hrs !  California procurement decision AB

2514 (October 2013)

SCE 260 MW ≥ 4 hrs !  RFP issued (October 2013)

!  > 5x awarded (November 2014)

LIPA 150 MW – 650 MW 12 hrs !  RFP issued (November 2013)

Hokkaido 12 MW 5 hrs !  Contract awarded (July 2013)

Terna 130 MW 6 hrs !  Contract awarded (May 2013)

SDG&E 25 MW – 800 MW ≥ 4 hrs !  RFP issued (September 2014)

ConEd 59 MW

2 MW 12 hrs

!  RFI for 12 hour load deferral (July 2014)

!  RFQ issued (September 2014)

IESO 16.5 MW ≥ 4 hrs !  RFP initiated (October 2014)

3

Source: EnerVault Corporation

Page 5: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Energy Storage Markets Are Global

http://www.energystorageexchange.org/projects

4

Page 6: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

A)  The Head [MW]

B) The Neck [MW/hr]

C) The Belly [- MW or MWidle]

Three Challenges

5

Page 7: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Energy Storage vs. Conventional Peaker

More than 2X the Flexible Ramp Resource

Cha

rgin

g

Dis

char

gin

g

Idle Power

CT Flexible Resource

Value

BESS Flexible Resource

Value

Interconnect Rating

Interconnect Rating

Thro

ttle

Courtesy EnerVault Corporation

Adapated from P. Kathpal, “Energy Storage in Resource Planning and Procurement”, ESA Annual Meeting, June 2014

6

Page 8: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Energy Storage vs. Conventional Peaker

But in CA more than 4X the Flexible Ramp Resource

Cha

rgin

g

Dis

char

gin

g

Idle Power @ 50%

(NOx standards)

CT Flexible Resource

Value

BESS Flexible Resource

Value

7

Interconnect Rating

Interconnect Rating

Thro

ttle

Courtesy EnerVault Corporation

Adapated from P. Kathpal, “Energy Storage in Resource Planning and Procurement”, ESA Annual Meeting, June 2014

Page 9: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

AB 2514 – 1.325 GW Mandate for Storage

http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M078/K912/78912194.PDF

8

Page 10: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Many Ways To Store Energy

Electrochemical

Flow Batteries

Redox Flow Battery Non-Redox Flow Battery

Supercapacitors

Other

Sodium-Sulfur Lead-Acid Lithium-based Sodium-NiCI2 Aqueous-other Metal/air Molten metal

Metal-based Flow Battery Non-Metal Flow Battery Regenerative Fuel Cell

Chemical

Thermal Chilled Water Ice

Heat Molten Salt

Pumped Hydro

Power Energy

Non-Traditional Traditional

Cavern Containerized

Non-Cavern Compressed

Air

Electromagnetic

Integrated Cell Battery

Energy Storage

Mechanical

Flywheel

SMES

Source: EnerVault Corporation

Page 11: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Fairbanks, AK

27 Megawatt UPS (Nickel Cadmium)

Page 12: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Dublin, CA

2 Megawatt Micro-Grid (BYD, Li-Ion)

11

Page 13: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Stephenstown NY

20 Megawatt Fast Frequency Response (Flywheel Energy Storage)

Miller, Western Oregon U.

Page 14: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Laurel Mountain, WV

32 Megawatt wind integration (AES Energy Storage, Li-ion)

Page 15: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Notrees, TX

36 Megawatt wind management (Younicos, lead-acid)

Page 16: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Rokkasho Japan Wind Farm

15

Okimoto, NGK – ESA 2009

Page 17: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Turlock, CA

250 Kilowatt, 4 hr Load Management (EnerVault, Fe/Cr-RFB)

16

Page 18: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Gila Bend, AZ

280 Megawatt, 6 hours (Abengoa, molten salt)

Page 19: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Northwestern PA

435 Megawatt Peak Load Management (Pumped Hydro Energy Storage)

wikipedia

Page 20: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

McIntosh, AL

110 Megawatt Peak Load Management (Cavern Compressed Air Energy Storage)

PG&E

Page 21: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Moraine, OH

20 Megawatt Peaker (AES, Li-Ion)

20

Page 22: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

City of Industry, CA

479 MW Peaker - 5 x 100 MW (Edison Mission Group, NGGT)

21

Page 23: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

City of Industry, CA

5 x 100 MW GT (GE) " 479 MW(AC) for capacity payments & bids into CAISO (EMG)

22

power capability power capacity

Page 24: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

!  Duration at rated power: Day 1 AND Day N •  N = 3,650 for 10 year project,

or 7,300 for 20 year project

time

Net

Pow

er, M

W(A

C)

4

-4 charge

discharge

4 0 8 12 16 20

What is Required of A Grid Storage Asset

26

!  Total project cost requires storage capacity allotments for...

•  Capacity utilization (“Depth of Discharge” or “State-of-Charge Range” (SoCR) )

•  Losses (inefficiency) •  Capacity fade

26

Page 25: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

!  Duration at rated power: Day 1 AND Day N •  N = 3,650 for 10 year project,

or 7,300 for 20 year project

What is Required of A Grid Storage Asset

29

!  Total project cost requires storage capacity allotments for...

•  Capacity utilization (“Depth of Discharge” or “State-of-Charge Range” (SoCR) )

•  Losses (inefficiency) •  Capacity fade

Power Duration X

= Energy

time

Net

Pow

er, M

W(A

C)

4

-4 charge

discharge

4 0 8 12 16 20

29

Page 26: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

System Configuration

!  SCE Tehachapi Project (Li-ion)

• 8 MW(AC)/32 MW-hr

30

Source: L. Gaillac, SCE - Tehachapi Wind Energy Storage Project 2014 ESA Annual Meeting, June 4-6 2014

Page 27: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Two Components to LiB Aging (per Saft)

31

Page 28: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

0 6 12 18 24

Pow

er

Time of Day

Saft Data on LiB Aging: Impact on Configuration

" SOH factors = calendar X cycling

4 hr

11 hr 3 hr

6 hr

0% 25% 50% 75%

100%

0 6 12 18 24

Stat

e of

C

har

ge

Time of Day

idle time/day @ top of charge

Syst

em C

har

ge L

evel

(n

ot c

ell)

project design 1 MWAC for 4 hours, 20-30oC &

75% SOC at top of charge, 15% SOC at bottom of cycle

(discharged state) "  60% utilization &

44 to 31 year calendar life

15 year project 1 cycle/day

11 hrs/day idle @ full charge means:

11 hrs/day * 365 days/year * 15 year project life = 60,225

hrs

60,225 hrs/8,760 hrs per year "

7 equivalent years at idle

Analysis adapted from:

~ 10-20% impact Source: EnerVault Corporation

Page 29: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Properly Configuring a Grid Storage Asset

33

$125/kWh

? SoCR capacity fade

losses system integration installation grid connection

Source: L. Gaillac, SCE - Tehachapi Wind Energy Storage Project 2014 ESA Annual Meeting, June 4-6 2014

Page 30: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Properly Configuring a Grid Asset

34

$125/kWh

? SoCR capacity fade

losses system integration installation grid connection

Source: L. Gaillac, SCE - Tehachapi Wind Energy Storage Project 2014 ESA Annual Meeting, June 4-6 2014

can deliver MW(AC) capacity capability to store MWh(DC)

Page 31: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015 35

Properly Configuring a Grid Storage Asset

Energy Storage Capability !  kWh: ability to deliver MW(DC) until

storage media is fully utilized

!  ability to store MWh(DC)

!  based on the quantity of storage media or factory acceptance test of the article

!  provided by storage vendor

Energy Storage Capacity !  kW-hr: ability to deliver MW(AC) for

required # hours throughout project lifetime

!  ability to deliver MW(AC)

!  based on fully installed system

!  provided by storage project developer

$$ this is what is monetized $$

It is important to distinguish the capability from the capacity!

Page 32: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Properly Configuring a Grid Storage Asset

36

$125/kWh

$400-600/kW-hr SoCR capacity fade

losses system integration installation grid connection

storage capability

storage capacity

Source: L. Gaillac, SCE - Tehachapi Wind Energy Storage Project 2014 ESA Annual Meeting, June 4-6 2014

Page 33: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

!  Duration at rated power: Day 1 AND Day N •  N = 3,650 for 10 year project,

or 7,300 for 20 year project

What is Required of A Grid Storage Asset

37

!  Total project cost requires storage capacity allotments for...

•  Capacity utilization (“Depth of Discharge” or “State-of-Charge Range” (SoCR) )

•  Losses (inefficiency) •  Capacity fade

Power Duration X

= Energy

4 MWAC for 4 hrs = 16 MW-hr storage capacity; $/kW-hr = TTL Installed $/16,000 kW-hr

time

Net

Pow

er, M

W(A

C)

4

-4 charge

discharge

4 0 8 12 16 20

37

the actual installed unit will have > 16 MWh of storage capability, how much more depends on storage product & project conditions

Page 34: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Key for Individual Project: Stacking Benefits

B. Kaun (2013)

Page 35: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

But Reality Can Be A Bummer

B. Kaun (2013)

Page 36: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Configurations System Design Volume

Total Energy O

utput

Rate-Ad

justed Energ

y Outp

ut

Config

uration BESS A

SP RE Size

RE Price

Project Modeling Overview

1) Operational Model

2) Pricing Model

4) Pro Forma Model

Fixed O

&M

Variab

le O

&M

M

ajor Refurb

3) O&M Model

Project IRR, NPV, B/E, $

Page 37: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Project Model Inputs

!  Performance Model

•  BESS: MW, MW-hr, ramp up, ramp down, start time, self-discharge, degradation, operational efficiency

•  project setting: charging power, TOU rates/premiums, boundary conditions (e.g. IX limit)

•  dispatch method: charge priorities, benefit maximization, etc.

!  Pricing Model

•  subsystem cost as function of time

•  system cost basis for configuration variations

!  O&M Model

•  component lifetimes/replacement intervals, service requirements, subsystem costs at replacement time

!  Pro Forma Model

•  discount rate, depreciation, PPA/tariff structure, subsidies/offsets, other values (e.g. $/tonne-C avoided)

Page 38: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

A Look Inside Efficiency

Echarge

Pcharge, direct

Edisch.

Pout

Eout

Pparsitic load, charge

PPCS loss, charge

PECC loss, charge

Echarged Pstdby load

Pdisch

Pcharge

Estdby

Pparsitic load, discharge

PPCS loss, discharge

PECC loss, discharge

/tcharge

*tcharge

/tdisch

*tdisch

*tstdby

Pcont load

Econt load

/tcycle!

Ein

Overall Efficiency η=Ein/Eout

II

IV

I

III

I)   Continous Load: Occur the whole time •  controller, HMI, lights, etc.

II)   Charging Losses: during tcharge •  Energy Conversion:

charging efficiency •  Power Conditioning System:

charging efficiency •  Parasitic Load (BOP, Therm.

Mgmt, etc)

III)   Standby Load: during tstdby •  Standby Load 1 •  Standby Load 2

IV)   Discharging Losses: during tdisch •  Energy Conversion:

discharging efficiency •  Power Condintioning

System: discharging efficiency

•  Parasitic Load (BOP, Therm. Mgmt, etc)

Requires Use Case-Based Operational Analysis of System Over Full Year/Life of Project

Page 39: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015 43

Storage Architectures

Coupled Power & Energy Decoupled Power & Energy

๏  energy stored & conversion/power delivery intimately coupled

“cans of soda”

๏  energy stored decoupled from conversion/power delivery

“soda fountain drink”

Electrochemical

Flow Batteries

Redox Flow Battery Non-Redox Flow Battery

Supercapacitors

Other

Sodium-Sulfur Lead-Acid Lithium-based Sodium-NiCI2 Aqueous-other Metal/air Molten metal

Metal-based Flow Battery Non-Metal Flow Battery Regenerative Fuel Cell

Chemical

Thermal Heat Molten Salt

Chilled Water Ice

Pumped Hydro

Power Energy

Non-Traditional Traditional

Cavern Containerized

Non-Cavern Compressed

Air

Electromagnetic

Integrated Cell Battery

Energy Storage

Mechanical

Flywheel

SMES

Page 40: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Abengoa’s Solano Generating Station

280 MW(AC) for 6 hours " 1,280 MW-hrs

Page 41: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

EnerVault’s Turlock Demonstration

250 kW(AC) for 4 hours " 1 MW-hr

45

Page 42: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015 46

An Example in Battery System Architectures

Integrated Cell Redox Flow

๏  energy stored & conversion/power delivery intimately coupled

๏  energy stored decoupled from conversion/power delivery

+

- cell 3.3 V

3 Ah

10 V 48 Ah

480 Wh

battery: 48 cells

+

-

Source: EnerVault Corporation

Page 43: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

RFB System Building Blocks

A: Energy Block Main components: tanks, electrolyte Function: stores energy

B: Power Block Main components: cell stacks (cascades),

stack module, rebalance system (DRSTM unit), State-of-Health (eSOH) monitors

Function: absorbs and releases power

C: Hydraulic Block Main components: main hydraulics, flow

meters, filtration Function: distributes electrolyte from A to B

D: Controls Block Main components: controls/user interface,

battery management system, DC conditioning, AC/DC inverter

Function: controls system and monitors overall system State-of-Health; conditions power; grid interface

47

A

B

D C

NE PE

eSOH eSO

H

DRS™

BMS

stacks B

C

A

D

– ~

user interface

D

B – stack

module

C

A

Source: EnerVault Corporation

Page 44: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015 50

B

D C

eSOH eSO

H

DRS™

BMS

stacks B

C

D

– ~

user interface

Power

RFB System Building Blocks – Decoupled P & E

A NE PE A

Energy (duration)

Source: EnerVault Corporation

Page 45: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

EnerVault System Building Blocks – Decoupled P & E

51

Power

Energy

Page 46: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

EnerVault System Building Blocks – Decoupled P & E

52

Power Energy

Page 47: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Another Way to Think About Decoupled P & E

53

Power

Energy

acknowledgement: Bret Adams

Page 48: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Another Way to Think About Decoupled P & E

Power Energy

acknowledgement: Bret Adams

Page 49: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Decoupled Power & Energy Storage Systems

Unique advantages in long-duration applications

Decoupled Storage Systems (RFBs, CAES, Molten Salt, RFCs, etc)

hr or E/P

$/kW

-hr

hr or E/P

O&

M C

ost

hr or E/P O

&M

Cos

t

hr or E/P

$/kW

-hr

CapEx

OpEx

Coupled Storage Systems (Li-ion, NAS, Pb-acid, flywheel, etc.)

Page 50: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Hawaii Project Case Study

57

Time-shifted production from PV plant !  PV used to charge 1 MW EnerVault Fe/Cr RFB Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)

•  Optimized size of PV dedicated to BESS charging to nearest 0.1 MW as function of storage duration

•  No ITC applied to the PV & Battery

!  Priority for PV is to charge battery •  PV optimized to maximize amount of Shifted PV •  LCOE determined for Shifted PV; project expenses

normalized to Shifted PV Energy Delivered •  PV production > 1 MW or after BESS reaches 100%

SoC can be sold as Direct PV to improve project economics !  Results scale with BESS size

•  e.g. 3 MW BESS has same LCOE & trends (% change) but 3X PV size, CapEx $

= ~ X MWdc

PV Single Axis

Tracking X MWp

~ =

Shifted PV 1 MWac, Y hrs

Energy Unit Y MW-hrs

Power Unit 1 MWac

1 MWac

X’ MWac Direct PV X’ MWac, ? hrs

KIUC Grid Status !  Conventional generation is mix of oil & hydro (~ 5 MW)

•  cost of oil generation ~ $230/MWh (translates to ~ $1/liter at 40% generator efficiency and no O&M)

!  PV meets almost 50% of daytime Summer load

!  KIUC current and projected PV satisfies daytime loads •  deploying short-duration storage for voltage stability,

frequency regulation, and ramp support

•  high interest in increasing % RE and more PV !  KIUC open to offers for time-shifted PV to supplant lower

efficiency generators Source: B. Rockwell (Power Supply Mgr) KIUC Energy Storage RFP Update Webinar August 28, 2014

Page 51: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

+0%

+10%

+20%

+30%

+40%

+50%

+60%

+70%

+80%

+90%

+100%

+110%

$80

$100

$120

$140

$160

$180

$200

$220

$240

$260

$280

$300

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ch

ange

(vs.

4 h

our

du

arti

on)

$/M

Wh

Storage Duration, hours

LCOE Shifted $/MWh LCOE Shifted & Direct $/MWh Shifted PV MWh/yr PV $M BESS $M

Impact of Storage Duration Low marginal cost of additional storage capacity with Fe/Cr reduces LCOE by a third,

approx. doubles dispatched energy & increases PV revenue by more than 80%!

LCOE - Shifted PV

LCOE - Shifted & Direct PV

Annual Shifted PV Energy Delivered

PV CapEx

Fe/Cr RFB BESS CapEx

Project results have no ITC or other subsidy applied

1.0 MW

1.4 MW

1.8 MW

PV Size @ $1.25/Wp 2.0

MW

58

Source: EnerVault Corporation

Page 52: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

!  To Achieve 100% RE island •  PV + BESS + Bio-diesel

!  EPC/PV mfg ⇒  4 to 5X larger PV installation ⇒  e.g.: 22 MWdc vs. max 4 to 6 MWac

allowed w/o storage

!  EnerVault system •  approx. 1/3 of TTL project •  w/ full 24 hour backup

(+96 MW-hr) •  adding energy ~ 2.5X more cost-

effective than adding power (PV + BESS chg.)

!  Benefit of system to rate payers ⇒  40% reduction in generation costs

vs. incumbent diesel gen sets

⇒  Controllable future costs ⇒  Market sustainable tourism

Project Example: Island µGrid

59

“lean” storage

full 24 hrs storage oversized PV

basic configuration

= ~

~ =

Energy Unit 90 MW-hrs

(5.5 hrs backup)

Power Unit 15 MWac

EnerVault BESS

22 MWdc

4 – 6 MWac Direct PV 4 MWac, 7 hrs

BESS 4 MWac, 17 hrs

18.7 MWac

14.7 MWac 4 MWac

Diesel Gen Set 6.6 MWac

~

PV Single Axis Tracking

22 MWp 53 Acres

Source: EnerVault Corporation

Page 53: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Long-Duration, Decoupled Power & Energy Storage Systems

Provide multiple benefits to PV

PV System

๏  enhanced capacity factors

๏  enable TOD premiums - compete with fossils 24/7

๏  reduce penalties, losses from curtailment

๏  impart resiliency into weak grids

๏  enable capacity payments

๏  3 to 10X more PV per project!

hr or E/P

O&

M C

ost

hr or E/P

$/kW

-hr

Decoupled Storage Systems (RFBs, CAES, RFCs, etc)

Source: EnerVault Corporation

Page 54: Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFs

Craig R Horne – All Rights Reserved 2015

Want To Know More?

http://www.energystorage.org

61