Long Term and Immediate Causes of the Civil War

Social Studies Solutions 19-20

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Key Event How does it lead to division?

Compromise of 1820

Sectionalism

(Slavery, Economics, Tariffs, Land, etc.)

Wilmot Proviso

Compromise of 1850 (Stronger Fugitive Slave Law)

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Dred Scott v. Sanford

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

John Brown’s Raid

Election of 1860

Review of LONG TERM causes

Question of State’s Rights vs. Federal RightsIdea of NullificationCompromise of 1820Debate over slaverySectionalismCompromise of 1850

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Depicted evils of slavery to publicWritten by Harriet Beecher StoweUncle Tom, Simon Legree—characters in the book1852—sold over 1 million copiesWhy? The undecided now favor anti-slavery side, angers Southerners

1854—popular sovereignty passed as law in Compromise of 1850Rush to populate state with voters leads to Bleeding Kansas: abolitionist and pro-slavery sides result to violence!Foreshadows fighting in Civil War, shows popular sovereignty will not work

Kansas-Nebraska Act: popular sovereignty will determine slavery in Kansas-

Nebraska territory

Sumner/Brooks Incident — fight in the US Senate, Brooks beats Sumner with a cane for his attacks on slavery in the South, foreshadows Civil War

Dred Scott v. Sanford

1857Scott is a slave he is taken into free states sues for freedom based on Missouri Compromise Supreme Court (majority Southern) rules:Blacks are not citizens, slaves are propertyCan’t ban slaveryMissouri Compromise is illegal

Development of Republican Party

Topic of slavery has come to dominate political partiesBy 1850—differences have peaked within Whigs, Democrats, and Free-Soilers: those that oppose slavery form a new partyThe Republicans: official party policy was to oppose the growth of slavery where it didn’t already exist

Political Parties (1850-1860)

Party Established Major Platform

Free-Soil 1848 Anti-extension of slaver, pro-labor

Know-Nothing 1854 Anti-immigration, anti-Catholic, nativism

Whig 1834 Pro-businessDivided on slavery

Republican 1854 Opposed expansion of slavery into territories

Democratic 1840 States’ rightsLimited GovtDivided on slavery

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Senate Race 1858: Stephen Douglas (Democrat) and Abraham Lincoln (Republican)Debate over slavery: neither man favored slavery, so how argue it?Douglas issues: Freeport Doctrine—slavery needs certain laws in order to exist, if you don’t want slavery don’t pass the lawsDouglas goes on to win election, but Lincoln gains national fame from the debates

John Brown’s Raid

John Brown—extreme abolitionistAttempted to capture Harper’s Ferry (a military arsenal in Virginia) with the intent to arm slaves to rebelHe and his men were surrounded and forced to surrenderBrown found guilty and then hanged—becomes a martyr for abolitionistsSoutherners believe Brown represents Northerners who want control of the South

Southern Secession

1860 election—slavery had divided the parties: Republican Lincoln pledges to stop spread of slavery (not end it), Douglas and Breckinridge split the Democratic vote, John Bell runs under Constitutional Party

LINCOLN wins election of 1860 with NO SOUTHERN ELECTORAL VOTES

South secedes due to fear of no voice in gov’t and losing the only way of life (slavery) ever known

Dec. 24, 1860: State of South Carolina secedes (withdraw) from the Union

Confederate States of America

Officially formed before Lincoln takes officeJefferson Davis is elected PresidentSouth Carolina leaves first followed by Mississippi, Florida,

Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas

Response of North

“This country will be drenched in blood…the people of the North…are not going to let the country be destroyed without a might effort to save it…”Can the use of force preserve the nation?Lincoln says states do not have the right to secede

Review QuestionsReview Questions

1.1. Which event convinced many Which event convinced many Southerners that they had lost their voice Southerners that they had lost their voice in the national government?in the national government?

a.a. The The Dred Scott Dred Scott decisiondecision

b.b. The issuance of the Freeport DoctrineThe issuance of the Freeport Doctrine

c.c. John Brown’s raid at Harpers’ FerryJohn Brown’s raid at Harpers’ Ferry

d.d. Lincoln’s election as presidentLincoln’s election as president

2. Which of the following was the LEAST 2. Which of the following was the LEAST divisive issue in the election of 1856?divisive issue in the election of 1856?

a.a. The candidacy of James BuchananThe candidacy of James Buchanan

b.b. The Kansas-Nebraska ActThe Kansas-Nebraska Act

c.c. The expansion of slaveryThe expansion of slavery

d.d. The rise of the Republican PartyThe rise of the Republican Party

3. Why did Kansas become a center of 3. Why did Kansas become a center of controversy over the issue of slavery?controversy over the issue of slavery?

a.a. Because it extended the power of the Missouri Because it extended the power of the Missouri CompromiseCompromise

b.b. Because the Kansas-Nebraska Act opened Because the Kansas-Nebraska Act opened the territory to slavery and popular sovereignty the territory to slavery and popular sovereignty

c.c. The Know-Nothing Party disagreed with The Know-Nothing Party disagreed with opening the territory to slaveryopening the territory to slavery

d.d. All of the aboveAll of the above

4. Why did most Free-Soilers object to 4. Why did most Free-Soilers object to slavery?slavery?

a.a. They believed slavery was morally wrongThey believed slavery was morally wrongb.b. They believed the South should be forced They believed the South should be forced

to industrializeto industrializec.c. They believed that white workers could They believed that white workers could

not get jobs in competition w/ slavesnot get jobs in competition w/ slavesd.d. The party actually had no opinion on The party actually had no opinion on

slaveryslavery

5. What was the significance of the 5. What was the significance of the Dred Dred ScottScott decision? decision?

a.a. It declared slaves were propertyIt declared slaves were property

b.b. It effectively repealed the Missouri It effectively repealed the Missouri CompromiseCompromise

c.c. It stated that because Scott was a slave, It stated that because Scott was a slave, he had no rights in courthe had no rights in court

d.d. All of the aboveAll of the above

6. What was the significance of the election 6. What was the significance of the election of 1856 for Abraham Lincoln?of 1856 for Abraham Lincoln?

a.a. He won the electionHe won the election

b.b. His debates against his opponent, His debates against his opponent, Stephen Douglas afforded him national Stephen Douglas afforded him national attentionattention

c.c. Stephen Douglas became presidentStephen Douglas became president

d.d. Lincoln learned nothing about running for Lincoln learned nothing about running for office in the national spotlightoffice in the national spotlight

7. “So you’re the little lady that started this 7. “So you’re the little lady that started this big war,” stated by Lincoln, most likely big war,” stated by Lincoln, most likely refers to whom?refers to whom?

a.a. Harriet TubmanHarriet Tubman

b.b. Harriet Beecher Stowe Harriet Beecher Stowe

c.c. Elizabeth Cady Stanton Elizabeth Cady Stanton

d.d. Sojourner Truth Sojourner Truth

Civil War Timeline Part 1Civil War Timeline Part 1 Create a timeline (events Create a timeline (events

must be in order by must be in order by month and year) month and year)

Include 2 major facts Include 2 major facts about each event—about each event—should include should include significance of event!significance of event!

Give your timeline a titleGive your timeline a title Include at least 3 picturesInclude at least 3 pictures This is the 1This is the 1stst part of the part of the

timeline, you will timeline, you will complete the 2complete the 2ndnd half on half on Thursday. The entire Thursday. The entire timeline will count as atimeline will count as a QUIZ GRADE! QUIZ GRADE!

Due at beginning of class Due at beginning of class on Friday!on Friday!

John Brown’s Raid John Brown’s Raid Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 Lincoln’s ElectionLincoln’s Election Dred Scott v. SanfordDred Scott v. Sanford Compromise of 1820Compromise of 1820 Uncle Tom’s CabinUncle Tom’s Cabin Lincoln-Douglas DebatesLincoln-Douglas Debates

Civil War Timeline Part 1Civil War Timeline Part 1 Create a timeline (events Create a timeline (events

must be in order by must be in order by month and year) month and year)

Include 2 major facts Include 2 major facts about each event—about each event—should include should include significance of event!significance of event!

Give your timeline a titleGive your timeline a title Include at least 3 picturesInclude at least 3 pictures This is the 1This is the 1stst part of the part of the

timeline, you will timeline, you will complete the 2complete the 2ndnd half on half on Thursday. The entire Thursday. The entire timeline will count as atimeline will count as a QUIZ GRADE! QUIZ GRADE!

Due at beginning of class Due at beginning of class on Friday!on Friday!

John Brown’s Raid John Brown’s Raid Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 Lincoln’s ElectionLincoln’s Election Dred Scott v. SanfordDred Scott v. Sanford Compromise of 1820Compromise of 1820 Uncle Tom’s CabinUncle Tom’s Cabin Lincoln-Douglas DebatesLincoln-Douglas Debates