long-term fluctuations in gonatid squid (gonatidae) abundance in … · long-term fluctuations in...

Long-term fluctuations in gonatid squid (Gonatidae)

abundance in the Okhotsk Sea

Mikhail A. ZuevNikolai S. VaninOleg N. KatuginGennady A. Shevtsov

Pacific Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (TINRO-Centre)

The main goalreveal annual distribution patterns of squids of the family

Gonatidae in the Sea of Okhotsk basing on data collected in TINRO-Centre research surveys with a purpose to estimate

the role of these cephalopods in pelagic communitiesMethods:

– analyze database on squid catches for a period from 1990 to 2008;– use the data to obtain patterns of spatial and seasonal on squid

distribution and biology; – assess the role of different species in seasonal dynamics of

distribution density in the epi- and mesopelagic layers in different years;

– use synoptic observations to reveal relationships between squid distribution density and variability in atmospheric pressure in the study area

Region expeditionsUpper-mesopelagic

investigations(expeditions)

years

northern Okhotsk Sea 20 12 1990-2008

southernOkhotsk Sea

18 2 1990-2008

off westKamchatka 12 7 1998-2007

the entire Okhotsk Sea 25 13 1990-2008

Kamch

atka

- Investigations of epipelagic (0-200 m)

- Investigations of epipelagic and upper-mesopelagic (200-500 m)

northern Okhotsk Sea

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1

1,1

1,2

200

400

600

1400

3200

s s s о w s s s о w s s s о w s s s о w s s s о w s s о w2001 2002 ][ 2003 2004 2005 2006][2007 2008

- Boreoteuthis borealis

- Gonatus tinro

- Gonatidae

- Gonatopsis japonicus

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1

1,1

1,2

200

400

600

1400

3200



- Gonatus tinro

- Gonatidae


-epipelagic0 – 200 m

- uppermesopelagic200 – 500 m

Biomass density (kg/km2) of the Gonatidaein the northern Okhotsk Sea

2

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

200

400

kg/km2

w w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о о w s s о w s s s о

1991 ] [ 1993][1994 1995 ][ 1997 1998 1999 2000

- Berryteuthis magister

- Gonatus madokai

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

200

400

kg/km2


1991 ] [ 1993][1994 1995 ][ 1997 1998 1999 2000


- Gonatus madokai

0

40

80

120

160

2001 2002 2004 2005 2006

kg/km2 GSP GMABBO BMA

0

40

80

120

160

200

240

2001 2002 2004 2005 2006

kg/km2

Biomass density (kg/km2) of the Gonatidaein the northern Okhotsk Sea in different years in spring in the upper 500 m layer

GSP – Gonatidae sp; BBO – B. borealis; GMA – G. madokai; BMA – B. magister

0-500 BMA GMA

GMA -0,125

BBO 0,742 -0,194

Correlation coefficients

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

2001 2002 2004 2005 2006

the share of each speciesin the epipelagic zone (0–200 m)

0

40

80

120

160

2001 2002 2004 2005 2006

kg/km2 GSP GMABBO BMA

0

40

80

120

160

200

240

2001 2002 2004 2005 2006

kg/km2

Biomass density (kg/km2) of the Gonatidaein the northern Okhotsk Sea in different years in spring in the upper 500 m layer.

GSP – Gonatidae sp; BBO – B. borealis; GMA – G. madokai; BMA – B. magister

140° 145° 150° 155°

45°

50°

55°

60°

Berryteuthis magisterноябрь - декабрь 2008

- без улова- менее 100- 100 - 10000

- более 10000

140° 145° 150° 155°

45°

50°

55°

60°

Boreoteuthis borealisоктябрь - декабрь 2007

Biomass density (kg/km ) of squidsBerryteuthis magister and Boreoteuthis borealis

2

no catshless 100100 - 10000more 10000

November - December November - December

41 67 0 11190

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

N=25089Ср.=70мм N=1230

Ср.=80мм

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

Biomass density (kg/km2) and size of squids Berryteuthis magister and Boreoteuthis borealis

140° 145° 150° 155°

55°

60°

Berryteuthis magisterноябрь - декабрь 2008Bd=333 kg/km2 2

140° 145° 150° 155°

55°

60°

Bd=36 kg/km

dorsal mantle length, mm

N

Biomass density (kg/km2) of Gonatus madokai in the upper epipelagic zone (0-50 m) in September-October 2003

140° 145° 150° 155° 160°

45°

50°

55°

60°

- без улова- менее 100- 100 - 10000

- более 10000

Bd=2603 kg/km2

no catchless 100100 - 10000more 10000

140° 145° 150° 155° 160°

45°

50°

55°

60°

- без улова- менее 100- 100 - 10000

- более 10000

N=157254Ср .=44 мм

900

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

N=173Ср .=127мм

0

40

80

120

160

100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190

N=47794Ср.=39мм

0

3000

6000

9000

12000

15000

18000

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

N=769Ср .=147мм

0

50

100

150

200

250

100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 260 310

А

B

Size ofGonatus madokai on the shelf (А) and continental slope (B) in September-October 2003

dorsal mantle length, mm

N

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1

200

400

800

kg/km2

1991][1992 1993 1994 1995 ][ 1997 1998 1999 2000 ][2002][2003 2004 2007 2008


- Gonatus madokai


- Gonatus tinro- Gonatus kamtschaticus

- Gonatidae


- Gonatopsis octopedatus

600



w w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о w s sо w s s о w s s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о

Biomass density (kg/km2) of the Gonatidae in the southern Okhotsk Sea

1,0 2,0 3,0 tons/km3 46,0 0,3 0,6 0,9 1,2 tons/km3

40

80

120

160

200

350

500

750

day

night

juvenaladult

40

80

120

160

200

350

500

750

Boreoteuthis borealis

0

30

60

90

1200 м

0

20

0

20

0

20

0

20

0

20

0

20

0

20

0

20

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190

день ночь

40 м

80 м

120 м

160 м

200 м

350 м

500 м

750 м

DML, mm

Number sp.

N night=359

N day=2

N night=359

N night=37

N day=2

N day=2

N day=12

N day=7

N day=25

N night=120

N night=24

N night=28

N night=9

N night=10

N night=10

day night

Vertical distribution during daytime and at nightin the Bering Sea

140° 145° 150° 155°

45°

50°

55°

60°

- без улова- менее 100- 100 - 10000

- более 10000

140° 145° 150° 155°

45°

50°

55°

60°

1998 2000Bd=810 kg/km2 Bd=125 kg/km2

no catshless 100100 - 10000more 10000

Biomass density (kg/km2) of Boreoteuthis borealis inthe epipelagic zone (0-200 m) in September – November in 1998 and 2000

140° 145° 150° 155°

45°

50°

55°

60°

0 - 200м

- без улова- менее 10

- 10 - 100

- 100 - 1000

- более 1000

140° 145° 150° 155°

45°

50°

55°

60°

200 - 500м

Biomass density (kg/km2) Gonatidaein the epipelagic and upper mesopelagiczones during winter, December 1990 – January 1991

0 – 200 m 200 – 500 mBd=72 kg/km2 Bd=431 kg/km2

no catshless 1010 – 100

100-1000

more 1000

140° 145° 150° 155°

45°

50°

55°

60°

0 - 200м

- без улова- менее 10

- 10 - 100

- 100 - 1000

- более 1000

140° 145° 150° 155°

45°

50°

55°

60°

200 - 500м

Share (%) of Gonatidaespecies in the epipelagic and upper mesopelagicduring winter, December 1990 – January 1991


- Gonatus madokai

- Boreoteuthis borealis - Gonatus tinro

- Gonatopsis octopedatus

0 – 200 m 200 – 500 mBd=72 kg/km2 Bd=431 kg/km2

45%

13%23%17%

40% 22%

25%

- Gonatidae

no catshless 1010 – 100

100-1000

more 1000

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1

1,1

1,2

1,3

1,4

200

400

1800

2000

5400

kg/km2

s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s s о w s s s о w s s о w s s s о w1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 ][ 2003 2004 2005 2006 ][ 2007


- Gonatus madokai


- Gonatus tinro

-Gonatus onyx

-Gonatus kamtschaticus

Biomass density (kg/km2) of the Gonatidaeoff the west Kamchatka in

the Okhotsk Sea

- epipelagic0 – 200 m


Baric observations in the Okhotsk Sea

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

Anomaly of the difference in atmospheric pressure between Nikolaevsk-na-Amure and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski with different time of data averaging :Blue line – 7 months; Red line – 25 months; Black line – 61 months.Points – observations of atmospheric pressure during trawl survey

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1

1,1

1,2

200

400

600

1400

3200



- Gonatus tinro

- Gonatidae


0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1

1,1

1,2

200

400

600

1400

3200



- Gonatus tinro

- Gonatidae




Biomass density (kg/km2) of the Gonatidaein the northern Okhotsk Sea

2

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

200

400

kg/km2


1991 ] [ 1993][1994 1995 ][ 1997 1998 1999 2000


- Gonatus madokai

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

200

400

kg/km2


1991 ] [ 1993][1994 1995 ][ 1997 1998 1999 2000


- Gonatus madokai

Atmospheric pressure field, favorable for penetration of warm Pacific waters into the Okhotsk Sea in spring (March-May) in 1997, 2003, 2004 and 2007.

Main atmospheric pressure field in Spring (March-May)

Atmospheric pressure field, favorable for maximal penetration of warm Pacific waters into the Okhotsk Sea in March in 1997, 2003, 2004 and 2007.

1997 2003 & 2004 2007

1997 2003 2004 2007

Long-term average main atmospheric pressure field in Summer (June-September) atmospheric pressure in

Summer 2003atmospheric pressure inSummer 2007

Patterns of atmospheric pressure in the northwestern Pacific Oceanand Asian marginal seas

Outcomes• In the northern Okhotsk Sea, two species of the family Gonatidae

Berryteuthis magister and Gonatus madokai dominated pelagic cephalopod communities

• In the northern Okhotsk Sea, Berryteuthis magister and Gonatus madokai fluctuated out-of-phase

• In the southern Okhotsk Sea, Boreoteuthis borealis dominated epipelagic layers

• In the southern Okhotsk Sea, the structure of cephalopod community was polydominant in the mesopipelagic layers

• Off west Kamchatka, pelagic cephalopod community was similar to that in the northern Okhotsk Sea, but with three dominant species: Berryteuthis magister, Gonatus madokai and Boreoteuthis borealis

• Autumn biomass density of the gonatid squids in the Okhotsk Sea depends upon spring atmospheric patterns in case of low cyclonic activity during spring and summer, when the exists an increased inflow of Pacific waters into the Okhotsk Sea

Thank you for your attention!!!!

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