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Long Term Preservation of Long Term Preservation of Digital ContentDigital Content

Alfredo M. RonchiAlfredo M. RonchiEC MEDICI Framework EC MEDICI Framework SecretariatSecretariat

alfredo.ronchi@medicif.org events@medicif.orgalfredo.ronchi@medicif.org events@medicif.orgwww.medicif.orgwww.medicif.org

LostLost and and toto looselooseWe have already lost….

Leonardo da Vinci’s Battaglia di AnghiariAlexandria LibraryPlays of AeschylusEgyptians PapyriPaxton’s Cristall PalaceMusic reconds in Edison’s formatVon Karajan’s early records…

Endangered species ….Digital archivesDigital musicElectronic Art & InstallationsDigital movies and special effectsElectronic Musical InstrumentsCars, MotorbikesPhoto CamerasWristwatchesHi Fi Stereo ….

This subject takes us to consider two aspects, the first is technological obsolescence and the second the 'temporary instinct' of the so-called 'permanent supports'.

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““DigitalDigital fragilityfragility””

Rapid changes in technology make preservation of digital contentRapid changes in technology make preservation of digital content a challenge. The a challenge. The biological clock of ICT beats smaller time slices compared to thbiological clock of ICT beats smaller time slices compared to those considered ose considered worldwide in the field of cultural heritage. worldwide in the field of cultural heritage.

Digital formats becomes suddenly obsolete and disappear. An extrDigital formats becomes suddenly obsolete and disappear. An extraordinarily longaordinarily long--lived solution, such as the PC/DOS in great lived solution, such as the PC/DOS in great favourfavour for over twenty years, represents a for over twenty years, represents a shortshort--lived apparition if compared to the time spent in state owned arlived apparition if compared to the time spent in state owned archives. chives.

Systems are aging, media on which information is stored are disiSystems are aging, media on which information is stored are disintegrating ntegrating -- the the magnetic technology diskette survives without problems for thousmagnetic technology diskette survives without problems for thousands of hours but ands of hours but not enough to be considered 'permanent' for those aims. not enough to be considered 'permanent' for those aims.

DigitalDigital LandscapeLandscape

Which are the longWhich are the long--term implications if we rely on term implications if we rely on current digital technology to preserve our cultural current digital technology to preserve our cultural memory? memory?

DocumentsDocumentsArchivesArchivesMusic, MovieMusic, MovieArtifactsArtifactsHeritage / Intangible HeritageHeritage / Intangible HeritageObjects & toolsObjects & tools……....

Long term preservation of digital archives is a issue not Long term preservation of digital archives is a issue not only for cultural content but even for eonly for cultural content but even for e--government government and social services. and social services.

Taking into account the huge amount of data to be Taking into account the huge amount of data to be filed, the amount of time to accomplish with this task filed, the amount of time to accomplish with this task and more over the period of time we need to store and more over the period of time we need to store such information, we have to value objectively a such information, we have to value objectively a problem up till now widely underestimated and that is problem up till now widely underestimated and that is the conservation for long periods of time of digital the conservation for long periods of time of digital information. information.

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MainMain approachesapproaches & & ““formatsformats””

RefreshingRefreshing

PrintingPrinting ……. . microfilmingmicrofilming

Multiple Multiple InstancesInstances ((copiescopies))

System System PreservationPreservation

EmulationEmulation

MigrationMigration

StandardisationStandardisation

EncapsulationEncapsulation

……..

Plain text (for a long time the essence of Plain text (for a long time the essence of interoperability and long term format;interoperability and long term format;

Text with specific formats and functions (such Text with specific formats and functions (such as camera ready pages, spreadsheets, as camera ready pages, spreadsheets, database import/export formats)database import/export formats)

Multi/hypermedia content (images, movies, Multi/hypermedia content (images, movies, sounds in different formats, links, refs);sounds in different formats, links, refs);

Technical Sketches, 3D models (vector Technical Sketches, 3D models (vector graphics, interactive scenarios);graphics, interactive scenarios);

Content deeply merged with specific Content deeply merged with specific applications (archives, data base, , video applications (archives, data base, , video games, custom applications);games, custom applications);

Interactive installations, virtual enhanced Interactive installations, virtual enhanced reality applications, etcreality applications, etc

Future applications involving a higher Future applications involving a higher interaction with users and heterogeneous interaction with users and heterogeneous distributed data structure.distributed data structure.

ProjectsProjects & & InitiativesInitiatives

Task force on Task force on ArchivingArchiving of of DigitalDigitalInformationInformation (94(94--96) The 96) The CommissionCommission on on PreservationPreservation and Access & The and Access & The researchresearchLibrariesLibraries GroupGroup Inc.Inc.OASIS Open OASIS Open ArchivalArchival InformationInformationSystemSystemLOCKSS LOCKSS LotsLots of of CopiesCopies KeepKeep StuffStuff SafeSafeVERS VERS VictorianVictorian ElectronicElectronic Record Record StrategyStrategyERA ERA ElectronicElectronic RecordsRecords ArchiveArchive (NARA)(NARA)InterparesInterpares……

JeffJeff RothembergRothemberg, , AvoidingAvoidingTechnologicalTechnological QuicksandQuicksandThe The DigitalDigital Rosetta Rosetta StoneStone

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““Long Long termterm preservationpreservation of of digitaldigital contentcontent””Alfredo RonchiAlfredo Ronchi MEDICI FrameworkMEDICI Framework

Michele Michele BanfoBanfo ImationImation

Bruce Bruce BarkstromBarkstrom NASA NASA

RaymondRaymond LorieLorie (*)(*) Research Staff Member, Computer LanguagesResearch Staff Member, Computer LanguagesIBM Laboratories IBM Laboratories AlmadenAlmaden

Shinji Matsumoto Shinji Matsumoto Director of New Technology for Culture Director of New Technology for Culture UNESCOUNESCO

Eric J MillerEric J Miller W3C W3C -- OCLCOCLC

Seamus RossSeamus Ross The University of Glasgow The University of Glasgow -- HatiiHatii –– ERPANETERPANET

Susumu Susumu SawaiSawai Manager Manager GakujokenGakujoken

Georges Georges MihaesMihaes Coordinator EC Bricks, member UNESCO Coordinator EC Bricks, member UNESCO

Intangible Heritage Task forceIntangible Heritage Task force

Kenneth Kenneth ThibodeauThibodeau Electronic Records Archives (ERA) Electronic Records Archives (ERA) Program Management Office Program Management Office -- NARANARA

Lynn Lynn ThiesmeyerThiesmeyer Coordinator of the Coordinator of the MekhongMekhong Region Region Net Online Archive, Keio UniversityNet Online Archive, Keio University

RReeffeerreenncceess

Preserving Digital Information: Report of the Task Force on ArchPreserving Digital Information: Report of the Task Force on Archiving of Digital Information iving of Digital Information -- Commissioned by The Commission on Preservation and Access and TCommissioned by The Commission on Preservation and Access and The Research Libraries Group, Inc. May 1, 1996 he Research Libraries Group, Inc. May 1, 1996 --http://http://www.rlg.org/ArchTF/tfadi.index.htmwww.rlg.org/ArchTF/tfadi.index.htmThe The DigiCULTDigiCULT Report Report ““Technological landscapes for tomorrow Technological landscapes for tomorrow ’’s cultural economy: Unlocking the value of cultural heritages cultural economy: Unlocking the value of cultural heritage””, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European C, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, January 2002 ommunities, January 2002 -- ISBN 92ISBN 92--828828--62656265--8 8 –– http://www. http://www. salzburgresearch.at/fbi/digicultsalzburgresearch.at/fbi/digicultAlan R. Alan R. HemingerHeminger, Steven B. Robertson, , Steven B. Robertson, ““The digital The digital rosettarosetta stone: a model for maintaining stone: a model for maintaining -- longlong--term access to static digital documentsterm access to static digital documents””, Communications of the Association for Information Systems, vol, Communications of the Association for Information Systems, volume 3 article 2 Jan 20ume 3 article 2 Jan 20National Research Council (1995) Study on the LongNational Research Council (1995) Study on the Long--term Retention of Selected Scientific and Technical Records of tterm Retention of Selected Scientific and Technical Records of the Federal Government Working Papers. Washington, DC: National Ahe Federal Government Working Papers. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.cademy Press.Maria Maria GuercioGuercio, , ““La La conservazioneconservazione a a lungolungo terminetermine deidei documentidocumenti elettronicielettronici: : normativanormativa italianaitaliana e e progettiprogetti internazionaliinternazionali””, proceedings , proceedings http://www.unipd.it/ammi/archivio/3conferenza/3%20Conf%20http://www.unipd.it/ammi/archivio/3conferenza/3%20Conf%20--%20Mariella%20Guercio.pd%20Mariella%20Guercio.pdJeff Rothenberg, Avoiding Technological Quicksand: Finding a ViaJeff Rothenberg, Avoiding Technological Quicksand: Finding a Viable Technical Foundation for Digital Preservation, Council of Lible Technical Foundation for Digital Preservation, Council of Library and Information Resources, 1998brary and Information Resources, 1998Rothenberg J. Ensuring the longevity of digital documents. ScienRothenberg J. Ensuring the longevity of digital documents. Scientific American. 1995; 272(1):24tific American. 1995; 272(1):24----9 9 Granger S. Emulation as a digital preservation strategy. DGranger S. Emulation as a digital preservation strategy. D--Lib Magazine, October 2000. http://www.dlib.org/dlib/october00/gLib Magazine, October 2000. http://www.dlib.org/dlib/october00/granger/10granger.html. Accessed April 19, 2002 ranger/10granger.html. Accessed April 19, 2002 Wheatley P. Migration Wheatley P. Migration -- a a CAMiLEONCAMiLEON discussion paper. 2001. http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue29/camilediscussion paper. 2001. http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue29/camileon/. Accessed April 19, 2002 on/. Accessed April 19, 2002 Raymond A. Lorie, Long term preservation of digital information,Raymond A. Lorie, Long term preservation of digital information, Proceedings of the first ACM/IEEEProceedings of the first ACM/IEEE--CS joint conference on Digital libraries, p.346CS joint conference on Digital libraries, p.346--352, January 2001, Roanoke, Virginia, United States 352, January 2001, Roanoke, Virginia, United States Lynch C. Lynch C. CanonicalizationCanonicalization: A fundamental tool to facilitate preservation and management o: A fundamental tool to facilitate preservation and management of digital information. Df digital information. D--Lib Magazine, September 1999. http://www.dlib.org/dlib/septemberLib Magazine, September 1999. http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september00/lynch/lynch.html. Accessed April 19, 20000/lynch/lynch.html. Accessed April 19, 200Reich V, Rosenthal DSH. LOCKSS: A permanent web publishing and aReich V, Rosenthal DSH. LOCKSS: A permanent web publishing and access system. Dccess system. D--Lib Magazine, June 2001. http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june01/06reichLib Magazine, June 2001. http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june01/06reich/reich.html. Accessed April 19, 2002 /reich.html. Accessed April 19, 2002 Consultative Committee for Space Data SystemsConsultative Committee for Space Data Systems-- Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS) July 2001. http://July 2001. http://ssdoo.gsfc.nasa.gov/nost/isoas/ref_model.htmlssdoo.gsfc.nasa.gov/nost/isoas/ref_model.html. Accessed April 19, 2002 . Accessed April 19, 2002 Lavoie B. Meeting the challenges of digital preservation: The OALavoie B. Meeting the challenges of digital preservation: The OAIS reference model. OCLC Newsletter January/February 2000; 26IS reference model. OCLC Newsletter January/February 2000; 26----30 30 Attributes of a trusted digital repository: Meeting the needs ofAttributes of a trusted digital repository: Meeting the needs of research resources. An RLGresearch resources. An RLG--OCLC report. Draft for public comment. August 2001. http://www.rOCLC report. Draft for public comment. August 2001. http://www.rlg.org/longterm/attributes01.pdf. Accessed April 19, 2002 lg.org/longterm/attributes01.pdf. Accessed April 19, 2002 OCLC/RLG working group on preservation metadata: A recommendatioOCLC/RLG working group on preservation metadata: A recommendation for content information. October 2001. http://n for content information. October 2001. http://www.oclc.org/research/pmwg/contentinformation.pdfwww.oclc.org/research/pmwg/contentinformation.pdf. Accessed April 19, 2002 . Accessed April 19, 2002 12 Research Library Group (RLG) 12 Research Library Group (RLG) -- RLG REACH element set for shared description of museum objects.RLG REACH element set for shared description of museum objects. 1998. http://1998. http://www.rlg.org/reach.elements.htmlwww.rlg.org/reach.elements.html. Accessed April 19, 2002 . Accessed April 19, 2002 13 National Library of Australia. Preservation metadata for di13 National Library of Australia. Preservation metadata for digital collections. 1999. http://gital collections. 1999. http://www.nla.gov.au/preserve/pmeta.htmlwww.nla.gov.au/preserve/pmeta.html. Accessed April 19, 2002 . Accessed April 19, 2002 14 Networked European Deposit Library (NEDLIB). Metadata for l14 Networked European Deposit Library (NEDLIB). Metadata for long term preservation. July 2000. http://ong term preservation. July 2000. http://www.kb.nl/coop/nedlib/results/preservationmetadata.pdfwww.kb.nl/coop/nedlib/results/preservationmetadata.pdf. Accessed April 19, 2002 . Accessed April 19, 2002 Granger S. Emulation as a digital preservation strategy. Granger S. Emulation as a digital preservation strategy. DLibDLib Magazine, October 2000.Magazine, October 2000.http://www.dlib.org/dlib/october00/granger/10granger.html.http://www.dlib.org/dlib/october00/granger/10granger.html.Wheatley P. Migration Wheatley P. Migration –– a a CAMiLEONCAMiLEON discussion paper. 2001. http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue29/camilediscussion paper. 2001. http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue29/camileon/. on/. Lorie RA. Long term preservation of digital Lorie RA. Long term preservation of digital information.Jointinformation.Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, 2001; 346Conference on Digital Libraries, 2001; 346--52.52.Lynch C. Lynch C. CanonicalizationCanonicalization: A fundamental tool to facilitate preservation and management o: A fundamental tool to facilitate preservation and management of digital information. Df digital information. D--Lib Magazine, September 1999. http://www.dlib.org/dlib/septemberLib Magazine, September 1999. http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september00/lynch/lynch.html.00/lynch/lynch.html.Reich V, Rosenthal DSH. LOCKSS: A permanent web publishing and aReich V, Rosenthal DSH. LOCKSS: A permanent web publishing and access system. Dccess system. D--Lib Magazine, June 2001. http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june01/06reichLib Magazine, June 2001. http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june01/06reich/reich.html./reich.html.Consultative Committee for Space Data SystemsConsultative Committee for Space Data Systems-- Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS) July 2001. http://July 2001. http://ssdoo.gsfc.nasa.gov/nost/isoas/ref_model.htmlssdoo.gsfc.nasa.gov/nost/isoas/ref_model.html..Lavoie B. Meeting the challenges of digital preservation: The OALavoie B. Meeting the challenges of digital preservation: The OAIS reference model. OCLC Newsletter January/February 2000; 26IS reference model. OCLC Newsletter January/February 2000; 26--30.30.Attributes of a trusted digital repository: Meeting the needs ofAttributes of a trusted digital repository: Meeting the needs of research resources. An RLGresearch resources. An RLG--OCLC report. Draft for public comment. August 2001. OCLC report. Draft for public comment. August 2001. http://www.rlg.org/longterm/attributes01.pdfhttp://www.rlg.org/longterm/attributes01.pdfOCLC/RLG working group on preservation metadata: A recommendatioOCLC/RLG working group on preservation metadata: A recommendation for content information. October 2001. http://n for content information. October 2001. http://www.oclc.org/research/pmwg/contentinformation.pdfwww.oclc.org/research/pmwg/contentinformation.pdf..Research Library Group (RLG) Research Library Group (RLG) –– RLG REACH element set for shared description of museum objects.RLG REACH element set for shared description of museum objects. 1998.1998.http://http://www.rlg.org/reach.elements.htmlwww.rlg.org/reach.elements.html. . National Library of Australia. Preservation metadata for digitalNational Library of Australia. Preservation metadata for digital collections. 1999. http://collections. 1999. http://www.nla.gov.au/preserve/pmeta.htmlwww.nla.gov.au/preserve/pmeta.html. . Networked European Deposit Library (NEDLIB). Metadata for long tNetworked European Deposit Library (NEDLIB). Metadata for long term preservation. July 2000. erm preservation. July 2000. http://http://www.kb.nl/coop/nedlib/results/preservationmetadata.pdfwww.kb.nl/coop/nedlib/results/preservationmetadata.pdf..Preserving Digital Information, Report of the Task Force on ArchPreserving Digital Information, Report of the Task Force on Archiving of Digital Information, May 1996, iving of Digital Information, May 1996, ftp://ftp.rlg.org/pub/archtf/finalftp://ftp.rlg.org/pub/archtf/final--report.pdfreport.pdfThe Australian Government Locator Service (AGLS) Manual for UserThe Australian Government Locator Service (AGLS) Manual for Users, Version 1.1, National Archives of Australia and Office for Gos, Version 1.1, National Archives of Australia and Office for Government Online, August 1999, vernment Online, August 1999, http://www.naa.gov.au/govserv/agls/AGLS_User_Manual_1.pdfhttp://www.naa.gov.au/govserv/agls/AGLS_User_Manual_1.pdfBearmanBearman, D., , D., SochatsSochats, K., Metadata Requirements for Evidence, University of Pittsbur, K., Metadata Requirements for Evidence, University of Pittsburgh,gh,http://http://www.lis.pitt.edu/~nhprc/BACartic.htmlwww.lis.pitt.edu/~nhprc/BACartic.htmlBearmanBearman, D., Reality and Chimeras in the Preservation of Electronic Rec, D., Reality and Chimeras in the Preservation of Electronic Records, Dords, D--Lib Magazine, Lib Magazine, VolVol 5 No 4,5 No 4,April 1999, April 1999, http://www.dlib.org/dlib/april99/bearman/04bearman.htmlhttp://www.dlib.org/dlib/april99/bearman/04bearman.htmlReference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS), Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS), Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, CCSDS 650.0Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, CCSDS 650.0--WW--4.0, White Book, September 17, 1998, 4.0, White Book, September 17, 1998, http://http://ssdoo.gsfc.nasa.gov/nost/isoas/ref_model.htmlssdoo.gsfc.nasa.gov/nost/isoas/ref_model.htmlWaugh, A., Wilkinson, R., Hills, B., & Waugh, A., Wilkinson, R., Hills, B., & DellDell’’orooro, J., Preserving Digital Information Forever, CSIRO CMIS Technic, J., Preserving Digital Information Forever, CSIRO CMIS Technical Report (forthcoming).al Report (forthcoming).WeibelWeibel, S., , S., KunzeKunze, J., , J., LagozeLagoze, C., Wolfe, M., Dublin Core Metadata for Resource Discovery, RF, C., Wolfe, M., Dublin Core Metadata for Resource Discovery, RFC 2413, September 1998, C 2413, September 1998, ftp://ftp.isi.edu/inftp://ftp.isi.edu/in--notes/rfc2413.txtnotes/rfc2413.txtDurantiDuranti, L., Eastwood, K., The preservation of the Integrity of Electro, L., Eastwood, K., The preservation of the Integrity of Electronic Records, http://nic Records, http://slais.ubc.ca/users/duranti/into.htmlslais.ubc.ca/users/duranti/into.htmlHedstromHedstrom, M., Migration Strategies (Draft), Prepared for Experts Committ, M., Migration Strategies (Draft), Prepared for Experts Committee on Software Obsolescence andee on Software Obsolescence andMigration (1996), May 1997, Migration (1996), May 1997, http://www.sis.pitt.edu/~cerar/ftphttp://www.sis.pitt.edu/~cerar/ftp--docs/Migdocs/Mig--Stra.docStra.docKeeping Electronic Records (Policy for Electronic Recordkeeping Keeping Electronic Records (Policy for Electronic Recordkeeping in the Commonwealth Government),in the Commonwealth Government),National Archives of Australia, National Archives of Australia, http://http://www.naa.gov/govserv/techpub/elecrecd/KeepingER.htmlwww.naa.gov/govserv/techpub/elecrecd/KeepingER.htmlRecordkeeping Metadata Standard for Commonwealth Agencies, NatioRecordkeeping Metadata Standard for Commonwealth Agencies, National Archives of Australia, Version 1.0, May 1999, nal Archives of Australia, Version 1.0, May 1999, http://http://www.naa.gov.au/govserv/TECHPUB/rkms/intro.htmwww.naa.gov.au/govserv/TECHPUB/rkms/intro.htmFunctional Requirements for Evidence in Recordkeeping, UniversitFunctional Requirements for Evidence in Recordkeeping, University of Pittsburgh, School of Information Sciences, y of Pittsburgh, School of Information Sciences, http://http://www.lis.pitt.edu/~nhprcwww.lis.pitt.edu/~nhprc//Keeping Electronic Records Forever, Records Management Vision DeKeeping Electronic Records Forever, Records Management Vision Development, prepared by Ernst & Young Public for Record Office Vivelopment, prepared by Ernst & Young Public for Record Office Victoria, 1996, ctoria, 1996, http://http://home.vicnet.net.au/~provic/vers/kerf.htmhome.vicnet.net.au/~provic/vers/kerf.htmVictorian Electronic Record Strategy, Final Report, Public RecorVictorian Electronic Record Strategy, Final Report, Public Record Office Victoria, 1998, ISBN 0d Office Victoria, 1998, ISBN 0--7311 55207311 5520--3, 3, http://http://home.vicnet.net.au/~provic/vers/final.htmhome.vicnet.net.au/~provic/vers/final.htmManagement of Electronic Records, Public Record Office Standard Management of Electronic Records, Public Record Office Standard (PROS) 99/007, (PROS) 99/007, http://http://www.prov.vic.gov.au/verswww.prov.vic.gov.au/versYergeauYergeau F., UTFF., UTF--8, a transformation format of ISO 10646, RFC 2279, January 1998,8, a transformation format of ISO 10646, RFC 2279, January 1998, ftp://ftp.isi.edu/innotes/rfc2279.txtftp://ftp.isi.edu/innotes/rfc2279.txtRothenberg, J., Ensuring the Longevity of Digital Documents, SciRothenberg, J., Ensuring the Longevity of Digital Documents, Scientific American, January 1995, p24entific American, January 1995, p24--2929Rothenberg, J., Avoiding Technological Quicksand: Finding a ViabRothenberg, J., Avoiding Technological Quicksand: Finding a Viable Technical Foundation for Digital Preservation, January 1999, le Technical Foundation for Digital Preservation, January 1999, Council on Library and Information Resources, ISBN 1Council on Library and Information Resources, ISBN 1--887334887334--6363--7, 7, http://http://www.clir.orgwww.clir.org/pubs/reports/pubs/reportsDocumenting the Future (Policy and Strategies for Electronic RecDocumenting the Future (Policy and Strategies for Electronic Recordkeeping in the New South Walesordkeeping in the New South WalesPublic Sector), State Records New South Wales, 1995, ISBN 07310 Public Sector), State Records New South Wales, 1995, ISBN 07310 5038 X, 5038 X, http://http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/publicsector/erk/dtf/tofcont.htmwww.records.nsw.gov.au/publicsector/erk/dtf/tofcont.htmExtensible Extensible MarkupMarkup Language (XML) 1.0, W3C, 1998, Language (XML) 1.0, W3C, 1998, http://www.w3.org/TR/REChttp://www.w3.org/TR/REC--xmlxmlResource Description Framework (RDF) Model and Syntax SpecificatResource Description Framework (RDF) Model and Syntax Specification, W3C, 1999, ion, W3C, 1999, http://www.w3.org/TR/REChttp://www.w3.org/TR/REC--rdfrdf--syntax/syntax/Levy, D., Heroic Measures: Reflections on the Possibility and PuLevy, D., Heroic Measures: Reflections on the Possibility and Purpose of Digital Preservation, Proceedings of the third ACM confrpose of Digital Preservation, Proceedings of the third ACM conference on Digital Libraries, Pittsburgh, 1998, p152erence on Digital Libraries, Pittsburgh, 1998, p152--161161The Universal Preservation Format: Background and The Universal Preservation Format: Background and FundanmentalsFundanmentals, Sixth DELOS Workshop: Preservation, Sixth DELOS Workshop: Preservationof Digital Information, of Digital Information, TomarTomar, 1998, http:/www.ercim.org/publication/ws.proceedings/DELOS6/up, 1998, http:/www.ercim.org/publication/ws.proceedings/DELOS6/upf.pdf f.pdf Australian Standard on Records Management, AS4390Australian Standard on Records Management, AS4390--1996, Standards Australia, ISBN 01996, Standards Australia, ISBN 0--73377337--03060306--22On Line ReferencesOn Line Referenceshttp://http://www.interpares.orgwww.interpares.org ((InterPARESInterPARES project)project)shttp://www.ispo.cec.be/idashttp://www.ispo.cec.be/ida ((MoreqMoreq project)project)shttp://jitc.fhu.disa.mil/recmgtshttp://jitc.fhu.disa.mil/recmgt/ (Standard 5015.2 / (Standard 5015.2 ““Design Criteria Standard For Electronic Records Management Design Criteria Standard For Electronic Records Management SoftwareApplicationsSoftwareApplications”” US Department of US Department of DefenseDefense))shttp://ccsds.org/RP9905/RP9905.html (OAIS standard)shttp://ccsds.org/RP9905/RP9905.html (OAIS standard)shttpshttp:// :// sdsc.edusdsc.edu/NARA/NARAhttp://http://www.archives.gov/electronic_records_archiveswww.archives.gov/electronic_records_archives// (18th Annual Preservation Conference Preservation Reformatting(18th Annual Preservation Conference Preservation Reformatting: Digital Technology vs. : Digital Technology vs. AnalogAnalog Technology)Technology)http://http://www.npaci.edu.DICEwww.npaci.edu.DICE/Pubs/Pubs (National Archives Washington & (National Archives Washington & S.DiegoS.Diego Supercomputer Supercomputer CenterCenter))

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ReferencesReferences

EC MEDICI EC MEDICI Framework Framework SecretariatSecretariat

alfredo.ronchi@malfredo.ronchi@medicif.org edicif.org eventsevents@m@medicif.orgedicif.org

www.medicif.orgwww.medicif.org

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MEDICI FrameworkMEDICI Framework

Promotes the use of ICT Promotes the use of ICT & New Tech in the field of & New Tech in the field of culture culture -- education, education, cultural heritagecultural heritage

Main actions:Main actions:Information sharing Information sharing –– web web based servicesbased servicesEvents and initiatives, Events and initiatives, research projectsresearch projectsEducation Education –– courses, etccourses, etc