Looking at Trenton–Black Looking at Trenton–Black River Reservoirs:River Reservoirs:

Outcrops Analogs in Outcrops Analogs in KentuckyKentucky

Dave Harris

Kentucky Geological Survey

University of Kentucky

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# Black River Production# Trenton Production

R O M E

T R O U G H

OutlineOutline

• Trenton/Black River in Kentucky

• NYSERDA project at KGS and NYSM

• Tectonic dolomite examples from outcrops and shallow cores

RegionalRegionalStructureStructure

Chronostratigraphic Units

Global NorthAmerican

System/Series

Series Stage

DrakesFm

BullForkFm

AshlockFm

GrantLake

Limestone

CallowayCreek FmGarrard Slts.

Fairview/Leipers

Fm

ClaysFerry Kope

LexingtonLimestone

High BridgeGroup

QueenstonFm

LorraineGroup

Utica Fm

TrentonGroup

Black RiverGroup

JuniataFm

TrentonLimestone

Black RiverGroup

Central andEastern

Kentucky

WestVirginiaEastern

Ohio

New York

Upper and MiddleUpper and Middle OrdovicianOrdovicianStratigraphyStratigraphy

Units affected byfault-controlleddolomitization

CUMBERLAND HARLAN EXPL 1 SHUMATE HEIRSAPI No.: 1619787816

08-P-67 POWELL CO, KY

Gamma Ray (GR)0 200 (GAPI)

Caliper (CALI)6 16 (in)

M.D

EP

TH (ft)

100200300400500600700800900

1000110012001300140015001600170018001900

Bulk Density (RHOB)

2 3(g/cc)

Neutron (NPHI)0.3 -0.1(pu)

T. Ordovician

Lexington Ls(Trenton)

High Bridge Gp(Black River)

Wells Creek FmKnox Gp

Type LogType LogUpper and MiddleUpper and Middle

Ordovician,Ordovician,Central KentuckyCentral Kentucky

30 0 30 60 90 Miles

GeologyWATERALLUVIUMTERTIARYCRETACEOUSPENNSYLVANIANMISSISSIPPIANDEVONIANSILURIANORDOVICIAN

Surface Faults

Study AreaStudy Area

5 0 5 10 Miles

Shelby Co.

Jeptha KnobJeptha KnobClarkClarkCo.Co.

Tectonic Dolomite, Clark Co., Ky.Tectonic Dolomite, Clark Co., Ky.

Ordovician oil shows, central Ky.Ordovician oil shows, central Ky.

Lexington Ls. (Trenton)Lexington Ls. (Trenton)Walker Quarry, Montgomery Co., Ky.Walker Quarry, Montgomery Co., Ky.

Calloway Creek Fm Calloway Creek Fm (dolomitized),(dolomitized),Clark Co., Ky.Clark Co., Ky.

Why look at outcrops in Why look at outcrops in Kentucky?Kentucky?• Regional scale

– Understand distribution of tectonic dolomite– Timing of faulting, dolomitization, and

hydrocarbon migration

• Local scale– Reservoir scale porosity and permeability

distribution– Depositional facies controls

Tectonic Dolomite Model,Tectonic Dolomite Model,Steuben Co., New YorkSteuben Co., New York

Need Better Geological ModelNeed Better Geological Model

• Model for dolomitization process– Stratigraphic control on dolomite– Structural control on dolomite– Source/pathways for fluids

• Timing of dolomitization– relation to hydrocarbon migration

• Hydrocarbon source

NYSERDA ProjectNYSERDA Project• 2-year project to study central Kentucky

dolomites and apply results to subsurface N.Y. dolomite reservoirs

• Co-funded by Triana Energy, KGS and U.S. DOE

• Focus: outcrops and new continuous cores

• Approach: petrography, geochemistry, shallow high-resolution seismic, integration with New York reservoirs

NYSERDA (cont.)NYSERDA (cont.)

• Geochemical techniques– oxygen and carbon stable isotopes– microprobe (trace elements)– fluid inclusions (salinity and temperature)

• Cores: 2 continuous cores through Trenton and Black River to top Knox

Integration with New York Integration with New York ReservoirsReservoirs• Collaborating with T. Smith at the NYSM• Data to be compared with similar work

on New York rocks• DOE funding shallow seismic acquisition

in central Kentucky• P-wave and shear wave sources to

image shallow dolomites

Tectonic Dolomite OutcropsTectonic Dolomite Outcrops

• Hydrothermal mineralization present in central Kentucky: barite, galena, sphalerite, saddle dolomite

• Upper Ordovician limestones replaced by dolomite adjacent to faults in outcrop

• Black et al., (1981 USGS Professional Paper 1151A) mapped 33 T-dolomites

From Black and others, 1981

Ordovician Dolomite LocalitiesOrdovician Dolomite Localities

Top Black River shaded relief

Fault-controlled dolomite,Fault-controlled dolomite,

Clark Co., Ky.Clark Co., Ky.

From Black et al., 1981

Saddle Dolomite, Clark Co., Ky.Saddle Dolomite, Clark Co., Ky.

Fracture-fill in core CK-15Fracture-fill in core CK-15stained with alizarin-redstained with alizarin-red

calcite

barite or celestite

calcitedolomite

5 0 5 10 Miles

Shelby Co.

Jeptha KnobJeptha KnobClarkClarkCo.Co.

Jeptha Knob, Jeptha Knob, Shelby Co., Ky.Shelby Co., Ky.

• Circular, fault-bounded structural and topographic high

• About 2.5 miles in diameter, central uplift core, with flank area of annular and radial faults

• Cryptoexplosive structure or meteor impact?

• Ordovician limestones extensively dolomitzed

Jeptha Knob GeologyJeptha Knob Geology

Jeptha Knob coresJeptha Knob cores

• Cored for mineral exploration• 3 continuous cores, from surface to about

2,000 ft• Breccias and dolomite with high-angle dips;

high porosity and permeability in dolomitized Trenton

• Hydrothermal? – no saddle dolomite observed

OC

OL OH

OcfOcfOC

OLOH

StructurallyComplex

JK 78-1

JK 78-3

JK 78-2

SilurianRocks

UndeformedLower Part

No Vertical Exaggeration

A A'South North

0

200

400meters

0

200

400meters

L

Jeptha Knob Cross SectionM. Pope (in prep.)

JK78-1, 341 ft

JK78-1, 361 ft

JK78-1,341 ft

• High angle dips, chaotic bedding, and breccias

• Skeletal grainstones and packstones (Trenton lithologies) dolomitized

• Abundant moldic and intercrystalline porostiy

JK78-1, 433 ft

JK78-1, 462 ft

JK78-1, 409 ft

ConclusionsConclusions

• Fault-related, hydrothermal dolomites occur in Trenton–Black River outcrops in Kentucky

• Good laboratory to develop models for hydrothermal dolomitization that will be applicable throughout the basin

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

New York State Energy Research andDevelopment Authority

U.S. Department of Energy, National EnergyTechnology Laboratory

Triana Energy, Inc.