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What is today's lesson about? KEYWORDS

PROCESSES

CONCEPTS

Write in front of your book

Learning Learning IntentioIntentio

nnElements mixtures and compoundsElements mixtures and compounds

Learning objectivesLearning objectives

All(must)

•recall some examples and differences between recall some examples and differences between elementselements mixturesmixtures and and compoundscompounds; ; •explain the difference between an explain the difference between an atomatom and a and a moleculemolecule; ; •identify an element or compound from its chemical formulaidentify an element or compound from its chemical formula

Most(Should)

•explain to others the difference between elements, explain to others the difference between elements, compounds and mixtures;compounds and mixtures;

Some(could)

• write simple chemical formulae; write simple chemical formulae;

•explain that energy is usually released when atoms join explain that energy is usually released when atoms join together.together.

Thursday 20 April 2023

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What Go is an element used in jewellery?What At is a single particle of an element?What Fo is H2O for water?

What El contains only one kind of atom?What Mi is two or more different atoms that can be re- separated?What Co contains different elements joined together?

Go

AtFo

ElMi

Co

ELEMENTS

Atom (smallest part of an element)

ELEMENTS ONLY HAVE ONE TYPE OF ATOM IN THEM

IRON

SULPHUR

MIXTURES

IRON SULPHURMIXTURE

MIXTURES HAVE TWO (OR MORE) DIFFERENT ATOMSTHE ATOMS ARE SEPARATE BUT NOT BONDED- SO THEY CAN BE SEPERATED

COMPOUNDS

MOLECULE

(small groups of atoms held together by bonds)

COMPOUNDS HAVE TWO (OR MORE) DIFFERENT ATOMSTHE ATOMS ARE BONDED- SO THEY CANNOT BE SEPERATED

Element, Compound, MixtureElement, Compound, MixtureElement, Compound, MixtureElement, Compound, Mixture

Imagine that you are a Primary school teacher and you have been asked to explain the difference between an element mixture and compound to a small group of year 6 pupils. You have to provide your own resources to give a 2 min presentation to explain the difference between an element mixture and compounds

1 Which box or boxes describe or show a pure element? 2 Which box or boxes describe or show a pure compound? 3 Which box or boxes describe or show a molecule? 4 Which box shows molecules that contain three atoms? 5 Which box shows a diagram of a compound that is not made up of molecules? 6 Oxygen gas has the formula O2. Which box shows a diagram of molecules of oxygen gas?

Use the letters in the boxes below to answer the questions that follow.

A

all the atoms are the same

B C

contains more than one kind

of atom joined together

D E

smallest particle of an element

F

G

small group of atoms

held together by bonds

H I

examples are found in

the Periodic Table

Time= 7 mins

End

8Ga(2)Iron is an element…

Sulphur is an element…

In a mixture of iron and sulphur…

In the compound iron sulphide…

Iron and sulphur can react…

the elements are joined together.

when the mixture is heated.

that is a non-metal.

that is magnetic.

the elements can be separated easily.

compound ratio same

1 Draw lines to match up the phrases about elements and compounds.

2 Complete the word equation Iron + ______________________iron sulphide3 This diagram shows iron sulphide. a The formula for iron sulphide is FeS. For every one iron atom in iron sulphide, there is

________________________ sulphur atom. b Colour the iron atoms grey.c Colour the sulphur atoms yellow.

4Complete the sentence using words from the box.A chemical ___________________ always contains the ___________________ elements in the same ___________________.

Naming Simple compounds.

It is easy to name simple compounds of metals and non-metals.1. Write down the name of the metal2. Write down the name of the non-metal but change the

ending to “ide.”

copper bromide

silver sulphide

calcium oxide

1) magnesium 2) oxygen =magnesium oxide

1) sodium 2) chlorine =sodium chloride

Name the compound formed from these elements

iron sulphide

magnesium nitride

sodium chloride

tin oxide

aluminium bromide

nickel iodide

zinc sulphide

lithium nitride

Naming Simple compounds.

Apperance Formula Description

A colourless liquid that boils at 100 ºC

Formula:N2

One atom of carbon joined to two atoms of oxygen

A colourless gas that turns limewater milky

Formula:O2

Eight atoms of sulphur joined together in a ring

A poisonous gas that can dissolve in water making

an acid

Formula:H2O

Two atoms of oxygen joined together

The gas that makes up nearly 80% of the air

Formula:CO2

One atom of sulphur joined to two atoms of oxygen

The gas that is used by animals and plants in

aerobic respiration

Formula:S8

Two atoms of hydrogen joined to one atom of oxygen

A yellow solid that is often found around volcanoes

Formula:SO2

Two atoms of nitrogen joined together

Match up the appearance formula and descriptions

Time= 12 minsEnd

Draw a table with five columns like this. Allow enough space for at least five different compounds.

Complete the table by describing the different chemical compounds, and then comparing them to the elements from which the compound is made.Choose your examples from the following list, or add others that you might have heard of, or can look up.waterrhinestones (silicon oxide) – SiO2

carbon dioxidesulphuric acid – H2SO4

calcium carbonate – CaCO3

synthetic diamonds – SiCcommon salt (sodium chloride) – NaCltrinitro toluene (TNT) – C7H5N3O6

Write out the word equation for the reactions described below:1 The reaction between iron metal and oxygen gas making solid iron oxide.2 Silver metal reacts slowly with the oxygen in the air. Black silver oxide is formed.3 Calcium metal, when added to water, forms calcium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.4 Gold can be made to react with chlorine gas. Green gold chloride is formed.5 Sometimes copper jewellery turns green as it reacts with carbon dioxide gas in the air to form the compound copper carbonate.Try these harder examples of word equations:6 Magnesium metal is burned in oxygen. It burns with a white flame and produces a white compound called magnesium oxide.7 When water and sodium metal come into contact with each other, two new substances are formed. These new substances are hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide solution.8 A piece of zinc corrodes in water and forms zinc hydroxide and hydrogen gas.9 Magnesium metal reacts slowly with hot water. The alkali magnesium hydroxide is made along with hydrogen gas.10 Aluminum is anodised to protect it from corrosion. During the process, the surface of a piece of aluminum metal is made to react with oxygen gas. This forms a coating of aluminum oxide on the surface.

Word equations are important because they allow us to explain the changes that occur in a chemical reaction without using long sentences.For example, when iron metal filings are heated strongly with sulphur it glows bright red. The chemical reaction produces a black solid compound called iron sulphide.To explain the changes during a chemical reaction, we are only interested in what substances we have before the reaction happens, and what substances are there after the reaction has finished. These chemicals have been underlined in the above description.The word equation is:iron + sulphur iron sulphide

A name: carbon monoxideformula: CO

B name: ____________formula: ___________

C name: nitric acidformula: ____________

D name: ___________formula: H2O

E name: sulphuric acidformula: ____________

F name: __________formula: ___________

A molecule of the element

hydrogen

H H

Elements and Compounds

Compounds are produced when elements combine together during a chemical reaction

It follows that compounds contain two or more types of two or more types of atom.atom.

A molecule of the

compound water

H H

O

Mg + acid

hydrogenLighted splint

Oxygen in the air

Oxygen in the air

Elements are materials made up of one type of atom onlyone type of atom only

Compounds: Water

Compounds are produced when elements combine.E.g. 1. Water

Hydrogen

Oxygen+

Water

Word Equation

Hydrogen + Oxygen Water

H

H H

HO O H

OH

HO

H

Compounds – not mixtures

• The atoms in compounds are NOT mixed together

• They become bondedbonded together during a chemical chemical reaction.reaction.

• Because of this:

• Compounds have properties that are veryvery different to the elements that they are made from.

HYDROGEN

Flammable gas

OXYGEN

Gas in which many

substances burn

WATER

Liquid that extinguishes

most fires

+

Time= 20 mins

End

8Ga(3)

Apparatustest tubestest tube rackone small test tubeignition tube holderBunsen burnermineral woolcloth or rag pestle or hammer

a magneteye protectioniron filingssulphur powdera mixture of iron and sulphurheatproof mattongs

Wear eye protectionWhat are the differences between iron and sulphur?

Test 1: Observation

MethodA Look at iron, sulphur, and the mixture. Observe the differences between them. Write your observations in the table.Recording your results

SubstanceDescription

iron grey solid powder

sulphur

iron and sulphur mixture

Test 2: Floating and sinkingMethodBCollect three test tubes and fill each one about half full with water.CPut a spatula of iron into tube 1. Put a spatula of sulphur into tube 2, and a spatula of the mixture into tube 3. Write your observations in the table.Recording your results

SubstanceFloat or sink?

iron

sulphur

Iron and sulphur mixture

Time= 12 minsEnd

Test 4: Making a compound of iron and sulphurMethodFPut a small amount of the iron and sulphur mixture into a small test tube (ignition tube).GPut a small piece of mineral wool in the end of the tube to stop fumes escaping.HHeat the tube in a Bunsen flame until you see a red glow inside the tube. ITake the tube out of the flame, and when the reaction has finished leave the tube on a heatproof mat to cool.JWrap the tube in a cloth or rag and break the glass with a pestle or hammer.KUse tongs to pick out the pieces of iron sulphide. Carefully place the broken glass in the broken glass bin.LTry tests 1 to 3 on the iron sulphide and write your results in the table.

Wear eye protection

Test 3: Magnetism testMethodD Collect three dry test tubes. Put a spatula of iron into tube 1. Put a spatula of sulphur into tube 2, and a spatula of the mixture into tube 3.E Bring a magnet up to each tube.

SubstanceMagnetic or non-magnetic?

iron

sulphur

iron and sulphur mixture

TestResult for iron sulphide

appearance

float or sink?

magnetic or not?

Considering your results/conclusions1The compound that you have made is different from the elements. How can you tell? Write down two ways.

2Complete this word equation for the reactioniron + ________________________________ ________________________________ sulphide

YES I have enjoyed the lesson and learnt a lot and completed my class activity.

SOME I have understood some of the work and haven’t finished it all

NO I have found it difficult to learn today and I have done very little work

Science Department Marking your work

StrengthSay what you have done well

TargetThis is something that you could do to improve

your work and/or take the next step forward.

Efforta comment about your overall effort here.

Sometimes this will be a number.1- Excellent 2 – Good effort 3 – Satisfactory 4 - More effort

needed

Pupil commentwrite your own pupil comment.It should show how well you think that you

have understood the work.