A-Zr-iy tdm-an-tbm Pn-lm-Zn-I-fpw am-[y-a-\p-W-I-fp-sS A-\--Y--fpw

hm---bp-sS B-I--j-Wo-b-X-bv-p ap-n-hm-kv-X-hw {]-Xn-_--am-h-cp-sX- G-p-]-d-n-tem-sS-bm-Wv Cw--n-se ss{]-h-v sF F- a---{Xw hm-b-\-m-sc tX-Sn-bn-cp--Xv.Cw--- tI-c-fw. dn-m-Uv Cw-{K-kn-s\-tm-ep- ]-{Xm-[n-]-m-c- C-hn-sS B I-tk-c-I- A-e--cn-p--Xpw.-

an-\n-aw hn-izm-ky-X-sb-n-epw H-cp ]-{X-n-\pw hm---I--p-ap-m-h-W-sa--Xp a-e-bm-fn B-{K-ln-p- km-am-\y -a-cym-Z-bm-Wv.-

a-e-bm-fn-I- G--hpw Iq-Sp-X- hm-bn-p--Xv "a' {]-kn-o-I-c-W--fm-Wv F--Xp-sIm-v tI-c-fo-b-\p Xn-cn--dn-hpw A-h-t_m-[-hpw\--am-bn F-v A--Y-an-.-

]-t, kz-w hn-izm-ky-X am-{X-a-, hm-b-\-m-c-s km-am-\y Xn-cn--dn-hn-s\-bpw kw-m-\-s \n-b-a-hm-gv-N-sb-bpw sh-p-hn-fn-p-sIm-m-Wp eu Pn-lm-Zv, tdm-an-tbm Pn-lm-Zv Xp-S-n-b hn-ti-j-W--fn- ap-Jy-[m-cm-am-[y-a--- t]m-epw- C-tm I-Y-I- ]-S-p-hn-Sp--sX--Xm-Wp hn-tcm-[m-`m-kw. kw-L-]-cn-hm-c kn--Un-t-p-I- iq-\y-X-bn--\n-pkr-n-p- I-Y-I-fpw I-W-p-I-fpw Nn-e ]-

{X-- A-h-bp-sS ap-kv-enw hn-tcm-[-n-\pw ln-p-Xz-hn-]-Wn-bp-sS k----n-\p-a-\p-k-cn-p s]m-en-n-p-I-bm-Wp sN-p--Xv. C--s\ kw-`-hn-p-tm-, I-Y-I-fpw I-W-p-I-fp-sam-s]-c-kv-]-c-hn-cp--am-bn Io-gv-ta- a-dn-p Ip-{]-Nm-c-W--fp-sS s]m---c- ]p-d-p-h-cp--Xm-Wv ]p-Xn-b "eu-Pn-lm-Zv F-Iv-kv-q-ko-hp'I-fn-epw \-ap-p t_m-[y-s-Sp--Xv.-

eu Pn-lm-Zn- Ip-Sp-n kw-m-\-v 2,864 s]--Ip-n-I-sf Im-Wm-Xm-sb-m-Wp k-]v-Xw-_- 18\p P--`q-an dn-t]m-v sN-bv-X-Xv. C-Xp-am-bn _--s-v 703 tI-kp-I- c-Pn-- sN-bv-X-Xm-bpw 251 s]--Ip-n-I- c--s--Xm-bpw _n.-sP.-]n ap-J-]-{Xw ]-d-bp-p.Cu I-W-p-I- F-hn-sS-\n-p In-n-sb-tm tI-kp-I- F-hn-sS c-Pn-kv--sN--s-p-sh-tm 251 s]--Ip-n-I-sfB-cv c--s-Sp-n-sb-tm ]-{Xw hy--am-p-n-. tIm-gn-tm-Sv tem tIm-f-Pn--\n-v 42Hm-fw s]--Ip-n-I-sfeu Pn-lm-Zn-I- a-Xw-am-n-sb-m-Wp P--`q-an -bp-sS a-sm-cp I-p-]n-Sn-w. C-{X-sbm-s kw-`-hn-n-pw kw-m-\-v C-e-b-\----p-t]m-epw hm--m-k-t-f-\w hn-fn-p-Iq-p- bp-h-tam--m kp-tc-{-\pw ]n F-kv {io-[-c--]n--bpw Fw Sn c-ta-ip-sam-pw C-sXm-p-a-dn-n-s--Xp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv A-Zv-`p-Xw.-

I-Y-I-fn-epw I-W-p-I-fn-epw _n.-sP.-]n ]-{X-s I-S-n-sh-n-bm-Wp tI-c-fIu-ap-Zn-bpw I-em-Iu-ap-Zn-bpw cw-K-p-h--Xv.a-lm-cm-jv-{S-bn- \n-m-Wp eu Pn-lm-Zv {]-m-\w tI-c-f-n-se-n-b-sX-pw I-gn-H-cp-h--j-n-\n-sS A-q-tdm-fw s]--Ip-n-I- kw-L-n-s sI-Wn-bn--s-p a-Xw-am-w sN--s--Xm-bn sF.-_n-p hn-h-cw e-`n--Xm-bpw tI-c-f Iu-ap-Zn ap-Jy-hm---bm-bn {]-kn-o-I-cn-p.

eu Pn-lm-Zn-\p ]n-n t]m-]p-e- -{^-m-sW-v tIm-S-Xn I-s-n-sb-m-bn-cp-p I-em-Iu-ap-Zn -bp-sS hn-h-c-Ww. F-m-, G-XptIm-S-Xn, F-tm-gm-Wv A--s\-sbm-cp \n-co--Ww \-S-n-b-sX-p hm-cn-I ]-d-bp-n-.I-Y-bn tNm-Zy-an-s-m-W-tm.-

kw-m-\-s F-m Pn--I-fn-epw eu Pn-lm-Zv F- `o-I-c-kw-L-S-\-bv-v Hm-^n-kpwtkm-W- sN-b--am--am-cp-ap-s-pw I-em-Iu-ap-Zn-bp-sS I-gn- e-w X-d-n-p-]-d-bp-p. F-m-, F-p-sIm-v Cu tI-{--fp-sS-bpw t\-Xm--fp-sS-bpw hn-h-c- t]m-en-kn-\p ssI-am-dn \n-b-a-\-S-]-Sn-p km-l-N-cy-sam-cp-p-n- F- kw-i-b-n-\v D--c-an-

.-"A-ap-kv-enw- kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS K--`-]m-{X-n-

ap-kv-enw Ip-p--sf P-\n-n-p-I h-gn ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS F-w h--[n-n-p-I am-{X-a-,A-\y-a-X--cp-sS B--ho-cyw X-I--p-I Iq-Sn-bm-Wv eu Pn-lm-Zn-eq-sS e-y-an-Sp-'sX-p t]m-en-kv c-l-kym-t\z-j-W hn-`m-Kw I-s-n-sb-m-Wv ap-p-Im-e-p ]p-tcm-K-a-\-n-s Ip-cn-ip-t]m-cm-fn-bm-bn-cp- -hm-cn-I-bp-sS a-sm-cp sh-fn-s-Sp--. c-l-kym-t\z-j-W hn-`m-K-w G-sX-p-t]m-epw ]-d-bm-\m-hm-sX-bp-, Xo--pw \n-cp--c-hm-Z-]-c-hpw F-m- A-t-b-w {]-tIm-]-\-]-c-hp-am-b Cute-J-\w Kp-P-dm-v hw-i-l-Xy-p h-gn-sbm-cp-n-b k-t-iv F- h--Ko-b a---{X-st]m-epw \m-Wn-n-p--Xm-Wv.-

c-p ln-p-kv-{Xo-I-sf ap-kv-enw-I- X-n-sm-p-t]m-bn Iq--_-em--kw-Kw sN-bv-X-ti-jw am-dn-Sw ap-dn-p-am-n sIm-e-s-Sp-p-I-bpw tKm-{[-bv--Sp-v I-\m-en- D-t]-n-p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp-sh-v 2002 am-v H-n-\m-Wvk-t-in hm-- h--Xv. hm---bp-sS ]-m--e-n t]m-en-kv tKm-{[ ap-gp-h A-cn-p-s]-dp-p-I-bpw k-a-{K-am-b A-t\z-j-Ww\-S-p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. k-t-iv hm-- Xo--pw A-Sn-m-\-c-ln-X-am-sW-p t]m-en-kvkq-{]-v ]-{X-p-dn-v ]p-d-n-d-p-I-bp-ap-m-bn.- ]-t, hw-io-b D-q-e-\-n-\p tIm-p-Iq-n-b _-Pv-cw-Kv-Z-, hn-iz-ln-p ]-cn-j-vkw-L-S-\-I- k-t-in h- hym-P-hm--Kp-P-dm-n- hym-]-I-am-bn {]-N-cn-n-p. B-bn-c--W-n-\p ap-kv-enw-I Iq---im-p sN--s- Kp-P-dm-v I-em-]-n- K--`n-Wn-I-fp-sS h-b-dp- Ip-n-o-dm-\pw Iq--_-em--kw-K-n-\p-ti-jw ap-kv-enw bp-h-Xn-I-fp-sS Kp-ly-`m-K-- A-dp-p-am-m-\p-sam-s ln-p-Xz-v B-th-iw ]-I---Xv k-t-iv sI-n--a-B I--hm---bm-bn-cp-p-sh-v ]n-o-Sv A-t\z-j-W-n- sX-fn-p.-

ap-kv-enw-hn-cp--am-b F-m {]-Nm-c-W--fp-sS-bpw Ip--ap-\ H-Sp-hn-- a-e-p-dw Pn--bp-sSC-S-s\-n-em-Wp ]-Xn-p-I-sb- ]-Xn-hpw I-em-Iu-ap-Zn sX-n-n-n-. a-e-p-d-v Aw-Ko-Im-c-an-m- C-cp-]-tXm-fw C-kv-emw a-X-]-cn-h--\-tI-{- t]m-en-kv I-s-n-sb-m-Wp hm-cn-I ]-d-bp--Xv. F-m-, A-Xn-sem-sc--sa-n-epw t]m-en-kv tI-sk-Sp-v A-S-p-]q-n-s-tm F-p-sIm-v t]m-en-kv A--s\ sN-p-n-s-tm hm-cn-I ]-d-bp-n-. A-tX-k-a-bw, a-t-cn-bn {In-kv-Xp-a-X-n-te-v B-sf tN-m-\m-bn ^m-Z A-e-hn \-S-n-h-n-cp- a--kp-_n-jm-d F- m-]-\-am-Wv kv-{Xo-]o-U-\- ]p-d-p-h--Xn-s t]-cn t]m-en-kpw tIm-S-Xn-bpw C-S-s]-vA-S-p-]q- n-b-sX- h-kv-Xp-XI-em-Iu-ap-Zna-d-p-h-bv-p-I-bpw sN-p-p. tIm-gn-tm- pw \n-b-a-hn-cp- C-kv-emw a-X-]-cn-h--\ tI-{w{]-h--n-p--Xm-bn t]m-en-kn-\p hn-h-cw e-`n-s-pw te-J-\w ]-d-bp-p-v. H-cp-e-w cq-]-bpw ss_-pw \-In kp-ap-J-cm-b ap-kv-enwbp-hm--sf-bm-Wp eu Pn-lm-Zv {]-m-\w cw-K-n-d-n-b-sX-pw hm-cn-I I-p-]n-Sn-n-cn-p-p.- Xo-{h-hm-Z B-tcm-]-W-n-s t]-cn-C-{X-bpw-Im-ew tI-c-f t]m-en-kv th--bm-Sn-b-XvXm-Sn-bpw \-a-kv-Im-c--g-p-sam-s-bp- ap-kv-enw bp-hm--sf am-{X-am-bn-cp-p. I-em-Iu-ap-Zn-bp-sS-bpw a-pw Ir-]-bm- kp-ap-J-cpw kp--c--am-cp-am-b ap-kv-enw sN-p-]n-t-cpw C-\n t]m-en-kn-s t\m--p-n-I-fm-hp-sa-p Np-cp-w.-

\m-sf: I-w-]-d-bm- I-W-p-I; sI-p-I-Y-I-fp-sS ]n-d-sI tIm-S-Xn-bpw

sIp-I-Y-I-fp-sS eu t_mw-_pI

H-cp k-aq-l-hp-am-bn _--s- kp--c-Nn---sf-bpw a-t\m-l-c- hm-p-I-sf-bpw hn-ip--am-b{]-tbm-K--sf-bpw ` o-I-c-h--cn-v B k-aq-l-s A-]-Io-n-s-Sp-p- Ip-X-{-n-\pN-cn-{X-tm-fw X-s ]-g--ap-v.

am-[y-a--kw-L-]-cn-hm-c ^m-jn-kw tI-c-f-n ap-kv-enw-I-s-Xn-tc Im-e--fm-bn \-S-p- C--cw Ip-kn-X-{]-Nm-c-W--fn C-tm \o-Xn-]o-T-hpw I-n-tN--tXm-sS-bm-Wp "eu Pn-lm-Zv' hn-hm-Zw kw-m-\-p {]-Xn-tj-[-sm-Sp-m-p-b-n-bn-cn-p--Xv.

sI-p-I-Y-I- ap-J-hn-e-bv-s-Sp-p eu- Pn-lm-Zv F-pw a-p-ap- \n-cp--c-hm-Z-{]-tbm-K--fn-eq-sS Pn-lm-Zv F- hn-ip--hm-n-s A-Y-k---X-sb-bpw C-kv-em-an-I kmw-kv-Im-cn-I-kw--sb-bpw X-s-bm-Wp tI-c-f ssl-tm-S-Xn hn-hm-Z D--c-hn-eq-sS tX-tPm-h-[w sN-bv-X-sX-m-Wv B-t-]w.

eu -Pn-lm-Zv, tdm-an-tbm Pn-lm-Zv Xp-S-n-btIm-S-Xn ]-cm-a-i- Pp-Uo-jy-dn-bp-sS ]-hn-{X-X-bv-tm n-Xn-hn-h-c--fp-sS km-am-\y-bp-n-tm \n-c-p--X-s-p I-s-p-I {]-bm-k-a-. ap-kv-en-ap-am-bn _--s--Xm-sW-n {]-W-b-hpw Im--\n-I-X-I-fpw t]m-epw`o-I-c-bp--am-bn Nn-{Xo-I-cn--s-Sp- km-aq-ln-I-Zp-c--n-s kzm-[o-\-n-em-Wp \o-Xn-]oT-hp-sa- B-i--sb km-[q-I-cn-p--Xm-Wp ]p-Xn-b hn-hm-Z-.

{]-W-b-n-s-bpw ]-cn-W-b-n-s-bpw ]o-U-\--fp-sS-bp-sam-s a-d-hn \-S-p- kw-L-Sn-X a-Xw-am---fp-sS sR-n-p- I-W-p-I a-d-p-h-m-Wp kw-L-]-cn-hm-c-hpw Nn-e k-`-I-fpw C-tm tIm-S-Xn-bpw ap-kv-enw bp-hm--sf, s]-Ip-n-I-sf h-io-I-cn-p A-Xn-n I-S-p--h-cm-bn Nn-{Xo-I-cn-p--Xv. hm-kv-X-h-n tI-c-f-n-se-m-Wp \-S-p--Xv? B-cm-Wp Iq-Sp-X a-Xw-am--n-\p hn-t[-b-cm-hp--Xv? C-c-I th--m-cpw b-Ym-Y h-Ko-b-hm-Zn-I hn-ip- tdm-an-tbm-am-cp-am-bn Nn-{Xo-I-cn--s-Sp--Xn-s Im-Wm-p-d-.-.-.-.-

tX-P-kv A-t\z-j-W-]-c--c: "sIp-I-Y-I-fp-sS eu t_mw-_pI' C-p-ap-X.-

]n kn A-p-

I-w ]-d-bm- I-W-p-I; sIpI-Y-I-fp-sS ]nd-sI tIm-S-Xnbpw C--gn- k-]v-Xw-_ 30\p tI-c-fssl-tm-S-Xn kw-m-\ B-` y--c-h-Ip-n-\v H-cp \n-tZ-iw \-In. kw-m-\-s Imw-]-kp-I-fn {]-h-n-p- Xo-{h-hm-Z kw-L-S-\-I-fn-s- ap-kv-enw bp-hm- A-\y-a-X--cm-b s]-Ip-n-I-sf {]-W-bw \-Sn-p a-Xw am-p--Xn-s\-p-dn-vA-t\z-jn-m-\m-bn-cp-p D--c-hv.eu- Pn-lm-Zv, tdm-an-tbm Pn-lm-Zv Xp-S-n-b {]-W-b- -a-Xw-am- ` o-I-c-kw-L-S-\-I kw-m-\-v {]-h-n-p--Xm-bn tIm-S-Xn-p hn-h-cw e-` n-]-m--e-n-em-Wv A-t\z-j-W-n-\p--c-hn-Sp--sX-pw P-n-kvsI Sn i--c hy--am-n-bn-cp-p.

A-k-Xy--fp-sS ]p-I-a-d-bn k-Xyw bm-Zr-n-I-am-bm-Wv D-Z-bw sN-p-I-sb-v H-cp {Ko-v B-]v-X-hm-Iy-ap-v. {]-W-b-\m-S-I- h-gn ap-kv-enwXo-{h-hm-Zn-I kw-m-\-v hym-]-I-am-bn A-\y-a-X-m-cn-I-fm-b s] -Ip- n-I-sf C-kv-em-an-te-p a-Xw am-p-p-sh- Ip-{]-Nm-c-W-n-\ptIm-S-Xn A-Sn-h-c-bn- Zn-h-kw X-s]p-d-p-h- tI-c-f k-m-cn-s K-k-v hn-m-]-\w, t\-c-t ]-d-{Ko-v a-l-Zv-h-N-\w t]m-se k-Xy-n-s bm-Zr-n-I-hpw F-m k-a-tbm-Nn-X-hp-am-b H-cn-S-s]-S-em-Wv.

"{]-W-b Pn-lm-Zv' h-gn Imw-]-kp-I-fn \n-pw a-pw C-kv-em-an-te-v A-\y-a-X s] -Ip- n-I hym-]-I-am-bna-Xw-am-w sN--s-Sp--Xm-bn hn-h-c-ap-s-p tI-c-f ssl-tm-S-Xn D---WvT {]-I-Sn-n- Zn-h-kw (30909)]p-d-p-h- kw-m-\ k-m-cn-s Hu-tZym-Kn-I hn-m-]-\-am-bkw-m-\ K-k-v h-c-p-Im-Wn-p--Xp hn-]-co-X bm-Ym-Yy-am-Wv. "{]-W-b ` o-I-c-Xm' \m-S-I-n-se b-Ym-Y {]-Xn-I-fpw C-c-I-fpw B-cm-sW-pw A-t\z-j-Ww F-tm- m-Wv, B-sc tI-{o-I-cn-m-Wp \-S-t--sX-pw a-Xw-am--n-s Hu-tZym-Kn-I I-W-p-I hn-fn-tm-Xp-p.

K-k-v hn-m-]-\-{]-Im-cw hn-iz-ln-p ]-cn-j-p-am-bn _--ap-Xn-cp-h-\--]p-cw ln-p-an-j h-gn

k-]v-Xw-_ 15 ap-X 30 h-sc 26 t]ln-p-a-X-n-te-p a-Xw am-dn. 2009B-K-kv-Xn am-{Xw 123 t]-cm-Wp ln-p-a-X-n-te-p am-dn-b-Xv. C-Xn120 t]- {In-kv-Xy bp-h-Xo-bp-hm--fm-Wv.

C-m-e-b-f-hn H-cm- am-{X-am-Wv C-kv-em-an-te-p a-Xw am-dn-b-sX-pw Hu-tZym-Kn-I tc-J-I hy--am-p-p.

ln-p-Xz kw-L-S-\-I \n-b-{n-p- Xn-cp-h-\--]p-cw B-cy-k-am-Pw h-gn H-cp-h-jw i-cm-i-cn1,450 t] ln-p-a-X-n-te-p ]-cn-h--\w sN--s -Sp - -Xm -bm -Wp I-W-p-I.B-cy-k-am-P-n-s X-s tc-J-I {]-Im-cw 2009G-{]n ap-XPq 26 h-sc 249t] ln-p-a-X-n-te-p am-dn.{]-Xn-am-kw i-cm-i-cn 120 t] B-cy-k-am-Pw h-gn a-Xw am-dp-p-sh-m-Wp I-W-v. {]-Xn-Zn-\w 18\pw 24\pwC-S-bn {]m-b-ap- \m-ep-t]-sc B-cy-k-am-Pw a-Xw am-p-p-sh-p hy-w. 2009 B-K-kv-Xv 10 h-sc-bp- 10h-j-n-\n-sS sam-w 20,516 bp-h-Xo-bp-hm--fm-Wv B-cy-k-am-Pw h-gna-X-]-cn-h--\-n-\p hn-t[-b-cm-b-sX-pw I-W-p-I ]-d-bp-p.-

Xn-cp-h-\--]p-cw ln-p-an-j h-gn 2009 B-K-kv-Xv A-p h-sc-bp-10 h-j-m-e-b-f-hn 11,5,052 t] a-Xw am-dn-b-Xm-bn kw-m-\ K-k-n-se I-W-p-I hy--am-p-p.2009 Pq-sse 13\pw 28\p-an-S-bn-ep-c-m-gv-N-bv-n-sS am-{Xw C-hn-sS 26t] a-Xw am-dn. Zn-h-kw i-cm-i-cn c-p-t] Xn-cp-h-\--]p-cw ln-p-an-j h-gn a-Xw am-dp-p.

B.-F-kv.-F-kv \n-b-{-W-n-

ep- Xn-cp-h-\--]p-cw A---tk-hm-kw-Lw h-gn 2009 Pq 12 h-sc5,053 t]-cm-Wp a-Xw am-dn-b-Xv. C-h-cn 98 i-X-am-\-hpw ]n-m- {In-kv-Xy-m-\n-I-fm-sW--Xpw {i-t-bw.

B-cy-k-am-Pw h-gn-bpw a-pw ln-p-a-X-n-te-p ]-cn-h--\w sN--s-Sp--h-cp-sS F-w am-kw tXm-dpw {I-am-Xo-X-am-bn h-[n-p--Xm-

bpw Hu-tZym-Kn-Itc-J-I km-y-s-Sp-p-p. C--gn- Pq, Pq-sse am-k--fnB-cy-k-am-Pw 249t]-sc a-Xw am-n.B-K-kv-Xn a-Xw-am--n-\p hn-t[-b-cm-b-h-cp-sS F-w370 B-bn h-[n-p.

Cu h-kv-Xp-X-I-sfm-p-a-dn -bm-sX-bm-Wp eu- Pn-lm-sZ- kw-L-]-cn-hm-c Ip-{]-Nm-c--fn tI-c-fssl-tm-S-Xn-bpwho-Wp-t]m-b-Xv. ]-

-\w-Xn- tIm-f-Pn \n-v C-tm-a-Xw am-d-n-b-Xv D--X-Ip-Spw-_-n-sehn-Zym-k---bm-b {In-kv-Xy bp-h-Xn-bm-sW--Xn {]-tIm-]n-X-cm-bm-Wp k-`-I-fpw kw-L-]-cn-hm-c-n-t\m-sSm-w Ip-{]-Nm-c-W-n-\p sIm-gp-p-Iq- p--Xv.

F-m, k-`-I-f-p-sS tPm-en X-s a-Xw-am--em-sW-p am-{X-a-,ta--d- I-W-p-I {]-Im-cwln-p-an-j h-gn ln-p-a-X-n-te-m-Wv G--hpw Iq-Sp-X a-X-]-cn-h--\w \-S-p--Xv.-

"eu Pn-lm-Zv' \p-W--Y-I-fn-eq-sS tI-c-f-n-se \n-b-a-hy-h--sb-bpw kw-hn-[m-\--sf-bpw Iq-Sn-bm-Wp kw-L-]-cn-hm-c-hpw C--cw am-[y-a--fpw tNm-Zyw-sN-p--Xv. I-iv-ao- dn-{Iq-v-sa- v Xo-{h-hm-Z-hp-am-bn_--s- v am-k--p ap-p tI-c-f-n-se ap-kv-enw kw-L-S-\-I--

pw Np-p-h- ---p-sa-Xn-tc ho-in-b-Sn- -{]-Nm-c-W- sIm-Sp-m-n-s A-e-I- A-S-n-b-Xn-\p sXm- p-]n-d-sI-bm-Wp eu Pn-lm-Zv \p-W-t_mw-_p-I- A--co--n- ]p-I-a-d-I- D-b--p--Xv.

I-iv-ao-cn- a-e-bm-fn-I- sh-Sn-tb-p a-cn-s-p tI--]m-Xn tI--m- ]m-Xn H-cp-]-w am-[y-a--fpw I-e--sh--n- ao--]n-Sn-p- cm-{o-b-m-cpw k-ap-Zm-b-n-s\-Xn-tcNm-Sn-p-d-s-Sp-I-bp-m-bn. F-m-, A-Xp-am-bn _--s- A-d-pw\n-b-a-\-S-]-Sn-I-fpw k-a-{K-am-b A-t\z-j-W-s Xp-S-v G-Xm-\pwt]-cn-sem-Xp-n-b-tm- kn.-]n.-Fwkw-m-\ sk-{I- -dn ]n-W-dm-bn hn-P-b- D--s-sS-bp- cm-{o-b-m--pw kw-L-]-cn-hm-c-n-\pw am-[y-a---p-sam-s an-m-w ap-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p.-

I-iv-ao- Xo-{h-hm-Z-t-kn-s\ Xp-S-v G-Xm-\pw am-k--p ap-m-Wv sF.--_n-bpw tdm-bpw kw-m-\kv-s]-jy- C--sh-n-tK-j- hn-Mpw Xo-{h-hm-Z-hn-cp- kv-Izm-Up-sam-s tI-c-f-n-se ap-kv-enw Np-p-h- -- A-cn-p-s]-dp-n-b-Xv. kw-L-]-cn-hm-c-hpw ]-{X--fpw C-tm- ]-d-bp--Xp i-cn-bm-sW-n, B k-a-b-sm-s Pn-lm-Zn- tdm-an-tbm-am-kw-m-\-v hn-l-cn-p-p-m-h-Ww. ]-t, Xo-{h-hm-Z-t-kv A-t\z-jn-m-\m-bn am-{Xw F-n-b sF.-_n, tdm D-tZym-K--cpw {]-tXy-I kv-Izm-Up-sam-pw H-cp eu Pn-lm-Zv Xo-{h-hm-Zn-sb-bpw kw-m-\-sm-cn-S-pw I-n-.-

A-t\z-j-W G-P--kn-I-fpw D-tZym-K--cp-sam-pw Im-Wm-sX-t]m-b A-Zr-iy-cm-b Pn-lm-Zn tdm-an-tbm-am-sc-bm-Wp Nn-e am-[y-a--C-tm- A-I--n- Im-Wp--Xv.-

\m-sf: a-[p-N-j-I-n a-X-ssh-c-n-s hn-jw Nm-en--h.-.-.

]n kn A-p-

2

a-[p-N-j-I-n hn-jw Nm-en--h{] -W-bw a-\-n-s B-{Z kp--cB-hn-jv-Im-c-am-sW-m-Wv D-a J-mw hn-ti-jn-n--Xv. C-W-n-fn-I-sf A-s-m h- th--m-c-s\t\m-n-bm-Wv B-Zn-I-hn "A-cp-XvIm-m-fm' F-p ]m-Sn-b-Xpw.

]-t, a-\p-jy-a-\-p-I-fn a-X-tZz-j-n-s h-a-Xn-ep-I ]-Wn-X kw-L-]-cn-hm-cw Iu-am-c Po-hn-X-n-epw a-X-sh-dn-bp-sS am-c-I hn-j-q-p-I Nm-en-p--Xm-Wp ]p-Xn-b hn-hm-Z-n-eq-sS sX-fn-bp--Xv.

1990I-fp-sS Xp-S-w. A-tbm-[y-bn \n-v B-fn--n-b h-Ko-bm-n a-e-bm-f--c-bn-epw a-X-k-ln-jv-Wp-X-bv-p Nn-X-sbm-cp-n-p-S-n-b Im-ew.

A--e-ap---sfm-s B.-F-kv.-F-kv im-J-I-fm-n am-m-\p-]n ]n ap-Ip--s ]--Xn-I-p ]-t, kw-m-\-p {]-Xo-n-

{]-Xn-I-c-W-ap-m-bn-. B.-F-kv.-F-kv im-J-I-fn-te-

p th--{X bp-hm--sf In-m-sXt]m-b ]-m--e-n kw-L-]-cn-hm-c t\-Xr-Xzw {]-h--\-co-Xnam-n. Kr-l-k----fn-eq-sS-bpwkz-Im-cy {]-kn-o-I-c-W--fn-eq-sS-bpw ln-p bp-hm--fn hn-jw Ip-n-h-v h--Ko-b {[p-ho-I-c-W-ap-m-m-\p- ]--Xn-I-fm-Wp ]n-o-Sv B-hn-jv-I-cn--s--Xv.

\n-b-a-n-s ]-cn-an-Xn-bn \n-v tI-k-cn-v No-m-\m-hm- sIm-Sn-b ap-kv-enw-hn-cp- ]-cm-a-i--fp-am-bn A-p \n-b-a-hn-cp- ln-p-Xz{]-kn-o-I-c-W- tI-c-f-am-sI{]-N-cn-p. a-t-cn-bn \n-p {]-kn-o-I-cn--s- ln-p i--am-bn-cp-p ap-]-n-bn.-

tI-c-f-n ap-kv-enw-I F-en-I-sf-tm-se s]-p s]-cp-Ip-I-bm-

sW-pw H-cp ap-kv-enw bp-h-Xn-sb a-Xw-am-p--Xv H-cp k-aq-l-s H-m-sI a-Xw-am-p--Xn-\p Xp-ey-am-sW-pw a-p-am-bn-cp-p '91 \-hw-_-dn]p-d-n-d-n-b ln-p i--n-se]-cm-a-iw. C-Xp-kw-_-n- k-Nn-{X-hm- am-[y-aw Zn-\-]-{X-n{]-kn-o-I-cn--tXm-sS t]m-en-kv \-S-]-Sn i--am-hp-I-bpw Ip-d-p-Im-e-t-v ln-p-i-w D--s-sS-bp- {]-kn-o-I-c-W- \n-e-bv-p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. kw-m-\-st]m-en-kp-Im t]m-epw ln-p i--n-s X-]m h-cn-m-cm-sW-hn-h-c-hpw am-[y-awsh-fn--p sIm-p-h-n-cp-p.-

A-\y-a-X-{]-W-b-hpw hn-hm-l-hp-sam-s tI-c-f-n A-Xp-h-sc H--s--tXm bm-Zr-n-I-tam B-b kw-`-h--fm-bn-cp-p. F-m, B.-F-kv.-F-kv H-cp-s-n-d-n-b-tXm-sS a-

Xn--e-n-\-p-d-s {]-W-b-s-Wn-bn- ap-kv-enw Np-p-h---fn \n-pwH-t-sd I-gp-p-I Ip-cp--s-p.

ap-kv-enw bp-h-Xn-I-sf {]-W-bw\-Sn-p a-Xw-am-m ]-cn-k-c bm-Ym-Yy- Nq-j-Ww-sN-bv-Xp-sIm-p- Ip-Sn-e-X-{--fm-Wv B.-F-kv.-F-kv {]-tbm-Kn--Xv. {]-W-b-\m-S-I- ]-cn-io-en- sX- Pn--I-fn \n-p- sI-n-S-\n-am-W-sm-gn-em-fn-I-sf-bpw B-im-cn-am-sc-bpw X--m-sc-bpw C-Xn-\m-bnB.-F-kv.-F-kv a-e-_m-dn-te-p\n-tbm-Kn-p. km--n-I ]-cm-[o-\-X A-\p-`-hn-p--Xpw Ip-Spw-_-km-l-N-cyw `-{Z-a-m--Xp-am-b ap-kv-enw bp-h-Xn-I-sf-bm-Wv B.-F-kv.-F-kp-Im B-Zy-am-Zyw dm-n \m-Sp-I-S-n-b-Xv. a-e-p-dw, tIm-gn-tm-Sv, h-b-\m-Sv, I-q Pn--I-fn \n-p am-{X-am-bn '91\pw '95\p-an-S-bv-v

1600 Hm-fw ap-kv-enw bp-h-Xn-I-sf C--s\ a-Xw-am-n-b-Xm-bm-Wp I-W-v.

ln-p bp-hm--sm--ap-ap-kv-enw bp-h-Xn-I-fp-sS H-fn-tm-wIp--gn- Ip-Spw-_-km-l-N-cy--fp-sS-bpw a-X-t_m-[-an-m-bv-a-bp-sS-bpw A-\n-hm-cy Zp-c---fm-bm-Wv k-ap-Zm-bw B-Zyw hn-e-bn-cp-n-b-Xv. F-m, Nn-e kw-`-h--p ]n-n-se B-kq-{X-W-]m-S-hwB.-F-kv.-F-kv Kq-Vm-tem-N-\ ]p-d-p-sIm-p-h-p.

h-b-\m-Sv am-\--hm-Sn--Sp-]m-tm-s ko-\-v F- bp-h-Xn-sb B-.-F-kv.-F-kn-s {]m-tZ-in-I t\-Xm-hv {]-W-bn-p a-Xw-am-n-b-Xv B Im-e-b-f-hn-em-Wv. A-b-hm-kn-I X-n-ep- kzm-`m-hn-I {]-W-b-hpw H-fn-tm--hp-sa-m-bn-cp-p \m-p-Im-cpw _-p--fpw B-Zyw I-cp-Xn-b-Xv.

F-m, ko-\-n-s\ Im-Wm-Xm-b ti-jw ]p-d-p-h- sR-n-p- hn-h-c- Iq-- a-Xw-am--n-\p- B.-F-kv.-F-kn-s B-kq-{X-W-hpw Kq-Vm-tem-N-\-bpwhy--am-p--Xm-bn-cp-p. ko-\-n-s\ D-]-tbm-Kn-v {]-tZ-i-sA-p ap-kv-enw bp-h-Xn-I-sf-q-Sn{]-W-b-p-cp-n-e-I-s-Sp-n a-Xw-am-m-\p- {i-aw \-S--Xm-bpwA-t\z-j-W-n sX-fn-p. hn-hm-l-ti-jw bp-h-Xn-I a-Xw am-td-s-pw bp-hm- C-kv-emwB-t-jn-p-sa-pw hn-iz-kn-n-m-bn-cp-p am-\--hm-Sn-bn-se X--sm-gn-em-fn-b-S--ap- B.-F-kv.-F-kp-Im bp-h-Xn-I-sf h-e-ho-in-b-Xv. C-h-cp-sS {]-W-bw ap-t-dp--Xn-\n-sS C-S-\n-e-m-cn-bm-b ko-\-v t-{X-Z-i-\w \-S-m-\pw ssl--h B-Nm-c- A-\p-jvTn-m-\p-am-cw-`n--X-dn-pIq-p-Im-cm-b A-p ap-kv-enw bp-h-Xn-I-fpw B.-F-kv.-F-kv {]-W-b-p-cp-n \n-p c--s-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-p.

am-c-Im-bp-[--fp-am-bn I-q-

cn \n-s-n-b B.-F-kv.-F-kp-Im kp-c-m-h-e-bw kr-n-m-Wp ko-\-n-s\ I-S-n-sm-p-t]m-b-Xv. ko-\-n-s\ {]-W-bn-v a-Xw-am-n-b-Xn H-Xp-n-bn-B.-F-kv.-F-kv A-P-. a-Xw am-dn-b bp-h-Xn-sb ssl--h th-j-n am-Xm-]n-Xm--pw _-p--pw \m-p-Im-pw ap-n-eq-sS \n-c--cw B-\-bn-v {]-tZ-i-v h-Ko-b-kw-L-jw kr-n-m-\p- {i-a--fpw A-c-t-dn. a-I-sf C-c-bm-n-bp- B.-F-kv.-F-kv Im-gv-N-I-fn a-\w-s\m-v Xp--am-b hn-e-bv-v ho-Spw -e-hpwhn-v \m-Sp-hn-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-p H-Sp-hn ko-\-n-s Ip-Spw-_w.

B Ip-Spw-_-n-t-Xv H--s-Zp-c--a-. B-.-F-kv.-F-kv ` o-I-c-X Xn-cn--dn-bm-sX {]-W-b-hn-h-i-cm-bn Po-hn-Xw Xp-e- H-t-sd ko-\-p-am-cp-v. A-h-cn a-lm-`q-cn-`m-K-hpw C-tm \-p-sS I-sh---fn I-c-p-hn-fn-p- t]-tm-e--fm-Wv. a-Zy-]m-\n-I-fpw A-[m-an-I-fp-am-b `-m--mtNm-c-bpw \o-cpw Du-n-sb-Sp- a-cn-p Po-hn-p- C-c-I.-

tX-P-kn-s A-t\z-j-W-h-gn-I-fn B.-F-kv.-F-kv {]-W-b-\m-S-I-n B-Sn-n-a-v H-Sp-hn

Po-hn-Xw tNm-Zy-Nn--am-bn ]-I-p-\n-p- H-t-sd Zp-c--I-Ym-]m-{X--sf I-p-ap-n.

92 _m-_-cn Zp-c--n-\p ti-jw ap-kv-enw k-ap-Zm-b-tm-Sp Ip-Sn--I Xo-m-\pw ln-p-Xz -h-Ko-b-X D-o-]n-n-m-\pw kw-L-]-cn-hm-cw tI-c-f-n {]-tbm-Kn- {]-[m-\ B-bp-[--fn-sem-v a-Xw-am--am-bn-cp-p.

F-m, Cu Kq-V-]--Xn-I-fn \n-p {i--Xn-cn-m ap-kv-enw-I ln-p- bp-h-Xn-I-sf a-Xw-am-p-p-sh- sIm-p-]n-Sn- {]-Nm-c-W-hp-am-bn C-tX-k-a-bw X-s kw-

L-]-cn-hm-c-hpw Nn-e am-[y-a--fpwcw-K-p-h-cp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. B-{I-a-tWm-kp-I-am-b B Ip-{]-Nm-c-W--fp-sS B-Zy c--km-n-bm-bn-cp-p Xn-cq-c-m-Sn-bn-se B-an-\-p-n. sXm-p-]n-d-sI Xn-cq-cn-se ap-l--Zv bm-kn-dn-s Ip-S-am-e No-n-b-Xpw B.-F-kv.-F-kv ` o-I-c-XX-s.

\m-sf: tIm-S-Xn-ap--sA-cpw-sIm-e

tIm-S-Xn-ap--s A-cpw-sIm-e3a-Xw-am--hp-am-bn _--s- B.-F-kv.-F-kv ` o-I-c-X hy--am-p--Xm-bn-cp-p 1989 Xn-cq-c-m-Sn-bn-se B-an-\-p-n-bp-sS-bpw Xn-cq-cn-se ap-l--Zv bm-kn-dn-s-bpw sIm-e-]m-X-I-.

Xn-cq-c-m-Sn-bn-se Nn-cp-X-p-nF- Z-en-Xv bp-h-Xn-bm-Wv C-kv-emwkzo-I-cn-v B-an-\-p-n-bm-b-Xv.B.-F-kv.-F-kp-Im-cp-sS F-Xn--pw ` o-j-Wn-bpw A-h-K-Wn-m-bn-cp-p bp-h-Xn-bp-sS a-Xw-am-w. Im-Wm-\n-s- _-p--fp-sS ]-cm-Xn-sb-Xp-S-v t]m-en-kv tI-sk-Sp-v B-an-\-p-n-sb a-t-cn tIm-S-Xn-bnlm-P-cm-n. Xm kz-ta-[-bm-bm-Wva-Xw-am-dn-b-sX--dn-bn--Xn-s\ Xp-S-v kz-w C--{]-Im-cw t]m-hm A-h-sc tIm-S-Xn A-\p-h-Zn-p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.

tI-kv I-gn-p ]p-d-n-d-n-bB-an-\-p-n-sb B.-F-kv.-F-kp-Im-c-\m-b k-tlm-Z-c tIm-S-Xn ap--p-h-p sh-n-sm-e-s-Sp-n.kw-m-\-v tIm-S-Xn-ap--v ]-m--I A-c-t-dn-b B-Zy sIm-e-]m-X-Iw. ]-t, ]-{X--v A-sXm-cp km-[m-c-W hm- am-{X-am-bn-cp-p. ln-p-Xz Xo-{h-hm-Z-sa-tm a-X-`o-I-c-X-sb-tm H-cp ]-{X-hpw B-an-\-p-n h-[-n-\p X-e-s-p \-In-bn-.

A-tX-h-jw, Xn-cq-c-m-Sn ]n.-

an-Yp-e-bpw _n-t\m tP--_pw {]-W-bn--Xv C-kv-em-an-s\

hn[nssh-cp-[y--fp-sS Im-Wm-p-d-H-tc \n-baw, H-tc tIm-SXn, k-am-\am-b tI-kp-I; ]t, hn-[n-bp-sSssh-cp-[y--fn Zp-cq-l-X-I-fp-sS Im-Wm-p-d-.

]--\w-Xn--bn-se Fw._n.F hn-Zym-Yn-I- a-Xwamdn-b Im-e-b-f-hn X-s-bm-Wv B-ep-g F-kv.F tImf-Pv hn-Zym-Yn-\nbm-b ap-kvenw s]-Ip-n-sb H-cp {In-kv-Xy bp-hm-hv {]-W-bn-p a-Xwam-n-bXv. B-ep-g a--t-cn ]-mb-v A-mw-hm-Un-se k-- Ip-Spw-_-ns ap-kv-enw -s]-Ip-n-bp-sS t]-cn tIm-Sn-I hn-e-a-Xnp- kz-p- kz--am-bp-v.

{In-kv-Xy bp-hm-hn-s\m-w bp-h-Xn-sb Im-Wm-Xm-bn aqmwZnh-kw tdm-an \np bp-hm-hns k-tlm-Z-cn-bm-b I-\ym-kv{Xo F-n-bm-Wp a-Xwam--S-p-I \-S-n-b-Xv.

ssd-k F- s]-Ip-n-sb Im-Wm-Xm-b-Xn-s\ Xp-S-p ]n-Xm-hvssl-tm-S-Xn-bn tl-_nb-kv tIm]-kv ^ -b sN-bvXp. I-gn-am-kw bp-h-Xn-sb tIm-S-Xn-bn lm-P-cmn. {In-kv-Xy bp-hm-hn-\p 21hb-v Xn-I-n-cp-n. F-n-pw s]-Ip-n-sb ssl-tmS-Xn am-Xm-]n-Xm--sm-w hn-n. bp-hm-hn-\p 21 hb-p Xn-I-bp--Xph-sc tlm-kv--en Xm-a-kn-m-\m-Wp tImS-Xn D--c-hn-Xv. bp-h-Xn-bp-am-bn Znh-khpw t^m-Wn _--s-Sm bp-hm-hn-s\ tImS-Xn A-\p-h-Zn-p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xp.

A-tX-k-abw, k-am-\am-b tI-kn ]--\w-Xn--bn-se ap-kvenwbp-hm--v \n-b-a-n-s Ccw Hu-Zm-cy--sfm-pw e-`n-n. a-Xwamdn-b c-v Fw._n.F hn-Zym-Yn-Ifpw kz-ta[-bm B-Wv C-kvemwkzo-I-cn--sX-v A-dn-bn-npw bp-hm--sm-w hn-Sm-sX am-Xm-]n-Xm--sm--am-Wp hn-Xv. cmwX-h-Wbpw A-XpX-s B-h-np. _-p--v bp-h-XnI-sf \n-c--c- Iu-k-en-Mn\pw apwhn-t[-b-am-m-\p- km-h-Im-iw e-`n-p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xp.

F-m, B-e-p-g-bn-se ssd-k F- ap-kvenw s]-Ip-n-bp-sS]n-Xm-hn-\v \n-b-a-n-s A-cw B-\p-Iq-ey--sfmpw e-`n-n.

]n kn A-p-

3

"eu Pn-lm-Zv Xo-{h-hm-Z'n-sC-c-I-sf-v t]m-en-kpw am-[y-a--fpw hn-ti-jn-n-p- ]--\w-Xn--bn-se Fw.-_n.-F hn-Zym--Yn-\n-I-

b-Ym--Y-n- B-Zyw {]-W-bn--Xv bp-hm--sf-bm-bn-cp-n-; C-kvv-em-an-s\-bm-bn-cp-p. an-Yp-e-bp-sS-bpw _n-t\m tP--_n-s-bpwk-Xym-t\z-j-W-n-\n-S-bn-se B-I-kv-an-I \n-an--- am-{X-am-bn-cp-p j-l--jm-bpw kn-dm-Pp-o-\pw.-

Xn-cp-h-\--]p-cw t]-cq--Skz-tZ-in-\n-bm-b an-Yp-e-bm-Wv B-Zyw C-kv-em-an-te-v B-Ir--bm-b-Xv. k-Xy-km-bn ` --cm-bn-cp-pan-Yp-e-bp-sS Ip-Spw-_w. km-bn-Z--i-\--p hn-cp--am-bn am-Xm-]n-Xm--fpw _-p--fpw hn-{K-lm-cm-[-\-bn-te-p h-gn-Xn-cn--Xm-Wv bp-h-Xn-sb am-dn-Nn-n-m- t{]-cn-n--Xv. km-bn-Z--i-\--fpw hn-{K-lm-cm-[-\-bpw Xm-c-X-aywsN-bv-Xp-sIm-p- A-t\z-j-W---n-sS C---s\-v h-gn C-kv-em-an-s\ ]-cn-N-b-s- p. B--ssZ-h `-n-bp-sS s]m---c-

t_m-[y-s- s]- -Ip- n C-kv-em-an-s\-p-dn-v Iq-Sp-X- ]-Tn-m-\n-d-n. C-Xn-\n-sS tlm-kv-- dqw-ta-m-b _n-t\m tP--_p-am-bpw B-i-b-- ]-p-h-p.- H--c-h-jwap-p c-p-t]-cpw a-\-m C-kv-emw h-cn-p. \-a-kv-Im-c-hpw Jp--B-\pw ]-Tn-m-\p- \n-c--c -{i-a-n-\n-sS-bm-Wv an-Yp-e-bpw _n-t\m-bpw tIm-f-Pn-se B-Zy lo-tdm-bpw \--\-S-p-Im-c-\p-am-b j-l--jm-sb ]-cn-N-b-s--Xv. j-l-jm h-gn c-p-t]-cpw kn-dm-Pp-o-s\-bpw ]-cn-N-b-s- p. bp-hm--fp-am-bn A-Sp-pw-ap-v s]- -Ip- n-I- C-kv-em-an-s\ A-Sp--dn-bm-\pw ap-kv-enw-I-fp-am-bn A-Sp-n-S-]-g-Im-\pw Xm---cyw ]p-e--n-bn-cp-p. j-l--jm-bp-sS-bpw kn-dm-Pp-o-s-bpw C-S-]-g-I-tem-sS C-kv-em-an-te-p- A-h-cp-sS \o--- hy-h-m-]n-X cq-]-n-em-sb-p-am-{Xw.-

an-Yp-e-sb j-l--jm-sb-sm-v hn-hm-lw sN-n--W-sa-m-h-iy-s- v _n-t\m tP--_v j-l--jm-bp-sS D--sb k-ao-]n-n-cp-

p. F-m-, hn-hm-l-n-\p k--X-a-s-m-Wp am-Xm-hv {]-Xn-I-cn--Xv.-

d-a-Zm-\v sXm- p-ap-v an-Yp-e-bpw_n-t\m-bpw tlm-kv--en- \n-p\-a-kv-I-cn-p--Xv a-p Ip-n-I-I-p. A-h tIm-f-Pv am-t\-Pv-sa-n-s\ A-dn-bn-p. Xp-S-p _-p-- hn-h-c-a-dn-p. C-tXm-sS-bm-Wp am-[y-a--fp-sS cw-K-{]-th-iw. A-h- I-Y-I- sa-\-p.

kz-ta-[-bm a-Xw-am-dn-b-Xm-sW-p tIm-S-Xn-bn- B-Zyw sam-gn \--In-b bp-h-Xn-I- ]n-o-Sp sam-gn-am-n-b-Xn-\pw bp-hm--sf A-h-K-Wn--Xn-\pw ]n-n- I-Sp- k----hpw `o-j-Wn-bp-ap-m-b-Xm-b-p- kq-N-\-I- C-tm- ]p-d-p-h-n- p-v.

D--X t]m-en-kv D-tZym-K---pw _n.-sP.-]n t\-Xm---pw]p-d-sa, Xn-cp-h-\--]p-c-s tIm--{K-kv t\-Xm-hpw bp-h-Xn-I-sf]n-n-cn-n-m-\pw bp-hm--sf Xo-{h-hm-Z-t-kn- Ip-Sp-m-\pw cw-K-p-m-bn-cp-p-sh-m-Wp hn-h-cw.-

F-kv.-Fw.-H tIm-f-Pn-se cm-[m-a-Wn-sb- N-cn-{X-hn-Zym-Yn kz-ta-[-bm C-kv-emw a-Xw kzo-I-cn-p. C-kv-em-an-I- {]-kn-o-I-c-W- hm-bn-p a-X-s A-Sp--dn- bp-h-Xn _m-ly-t{]-c-W-sbm-p-an-m-sX-bm-bn-cp-p d-lo-a-bm-bn am-dn-b-Xv. Xn-cq \n-d-a-cp-Xq-cn-se P-am-A-s C-kv-em-an-bp-sS m-]-\-n-em-bn-cp-p d-lo-a Xm-a-kn-n-cp--Xv. B.-F-kv.-F-kp-Im H-cp cm-{Xn am-c-Im-bp-[--fp-am-bn A-Xn-{I-an-p-I-b-dn bp-h-Xn-sb _-e-am-bnI-S-n-sm-p-t]m-bn ho-p-X-S--en-em-n. kw-kv-Im-c tI-c-fw A-vau-\w-]m-en-p. X-s a-Xw-am--n-\p ]n-n a-m--pw bm-sXm-cp ]-p-an-s-v bp-h-Xn B-h-n-phy--am-n. ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS kw-b-a-\w n-Xn-K-Xn-I B-fn--n-n-.

ln-p- a-Xw-am-dp--Xn-t\m-Sp- B.-F-kv.-F-kn-s F-Xn-v A-Xn-cq--am-sW-p sX-fn-bn-p--Xm-bn-cp-p Xn-cq-cn-se bm-kn-dn-s sIm-e-]m-X-Iw. sIm-f-q-cn-\-Sp- am-cn-b- t-{X-n-se ]q-Pm-cn-bm-bn-cp-p B.-F-kv.-F-kv A-\p-`m-hn-Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cp- kp-{_--Wy. C-kv-em-an-s\ A-Sp--dn--tm kp-{_--Wy ap-l--Zv bm-kn-dpw ` m-cy t_-_n kp-a--bp-am-bn. B.-F-kv.-F-kv sIm-e--n-bp-am-bn bm-kn-dn-s h-gn-bn Nm-Sn-ho-Wp. a-cn-s-p-d-m-bn-pw sIm-e-bm-fn-I--vbm-kn-dn-t\m-Sv ]-I Xo-n-. bp-hm-hn-s i-co-c-n- B-g-ta-dn-b

34 ap-dn-hp-I-fm-Wp-m-bn-cp--Xv. bm-kn-dn-s Lm-X-I-sc sX-fn-

hn-s-p ]-d-p tIm-S-Xn sh-dp-sX-hn-Sp-I-bm-Wp sN-bv-X-Xv. kz-w Xm--cy-{]-Im-cw B-pwG-Xp a-Xw kzo-I-cn-m-\pw `-c-W-L-S-\m-]-c-am-bnkzm-X-{y-ap-cm-Py-v kz-ta-[-bm a-Xw am-dn-b-Xn-s t]-cn\n -jvTp -c -am -bnbp-hm-hn-s\ sIm-e-s-Sp-n-b a-X-`o-I-c-X-bv-s-Xn-tc tIm-S-Xn-ap-dn-bn-tem t]m-en-kn-s tI-kv U-b-dn-bn-tem {]-tXy-In-sm-cp ]-cm-a-i-hp-ap-m-bn-.-

bm-kn-dpw Ip-Spw-_-hpw C-kv-emw kzo-I-cn--tXm-sS-bm-Wv a-e-_m-dn B.-F-kv.-F-kv a-X-]-cn-h--\-]--Xn-Ihn-]p-e-am-n-b-Xv. '95\pw 2000\pwC-S-bn a-e-_m-dn-se A-p- Pn--I-fn \n-m-bn 1800 Hm-fw ap-kv-enwbp-h-Xn-I-sf {]-W-b-n-eq-sS a-Xw-am-n-b-Xm-bm-Wp a-l-v -X-e--fn \n-p- I-W-v.

ln-p, {In-kv-Xy bp-h-Xn-I-sfap-kv-enw bp-hm- {]-W-b-n-eq-sS a-Xw-am-p-p F- B-tcm-]-Ww A--an-p \n-tj-[n-p--Xm-Wp kw-m-\ k-m-cn-s I-W-

p-I. a-Xw-am--hp-am-bn _--s-v C-tm kw-L-]-cn-hm-c-hpwNn-e am-[y-a--fpw A-h-X-cn-n-p- I-W-p-I-fpw I-Y-I-fpw bm-Ym-Yy-hp-am-bn ]p-e-_-w-t]m-

ep-an-m--h-bm-sW-v k-m-h n - m - ] - \ - ]-I--t]m-se hy--am-p-p.

2000 P-\p-h-cnap-X 2008 Un-kw-_- h-sc-bp- k-m tc-J-I-fpw K-k-v hn-m-]-\--fpw{]-Im-cw {]-Xn-am-kw i-cm-i-cn B-dp-t] am-{X-am-Wp ln-p-a-X-n \n-v C-kv-

emw a-Xw B-t-jn-p--Xv. C-h-cn-

em-h-s i-cm-i-cn \m-ep-t] ]p-cp-j-am-cp-am-Wv. {In-kv-Xp-a-X-n\n-p aq-p-t]-cm-Wp am-kw-tXm-dpw C-kv-em-an-te-p a-Xw-am-dp--sX-pw K-k-v tc-J-I Nq-n-m-p-p.

A-\y-a-X--fn \n-v C-kv-em-an-te-p a-Xw-am-w sN--s-Sp--Xv Hu-tZym-Kn-I tc-J-I-fn \n-pa-d-p-h-bv-p-q-sh- B-tcm-]-W-hpw _m-en-i-am-Wv. Im-c-Ww, hn-Zym-k---cm-b bp-h-Xn-I ap-kv-enw bp-hm--sm-w a-Xw-am-dp-p-s-n Hu-tZym-Kn-I hn-

m-]-\-n-eq-sS t]-cpw a-X-hpwam-m-Xn-cn-m bm-sXm-cp ]-gp-Xp-an-. td-j Im-Uv ap-X ]m-kv-t]m-v h-sc-bp- B-h-iy--pw tPm-en-kw-_--am-b tc-J-I-fn-epw a-Xw-am-w Hu-tZym-Kn-I-am-bntc-J-s-Sp-m-sX Ip-Spw-_-Po-hn-Xw \-bn-p-I km-[y-a-. F-n-cn-s, hn-Zym-k---cpw {]-^-j-\-ep-I-fp-am-b ln-p, {In-kv-Xy bp-h-Xn-I-sf X-n-sb-Sp-p a-X-n-\p"ap-X-q-p-m-p-I'bm-Wp Pn-lm-Zn tdm-an-tbm-am e-y-an-Sp--sX-m-Wp kw-L-]-cn-hm-c-hpw Nn-e am-[y-a--fpw {]-N-cn-n-p--Xv.A-tX-k-a-bw, hn-Zym-k---cm-bbp-h-Xn-I-fp-sS Hu-tZym-Kn-I tc-J-I a-d-p-h-v A-h-sc F--s\-bm-Wp k-ap-Zm-b t\--n-\v D-]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-I-sb-- \ym-b-am-b tNm-Zy-n-\v kw-L-]-cn-hm-c-tamam-[y-a--tfm hn-i-Zo-I-c-Ww \-Ip-p-an-. k-m- K-k-p-I-fnhn-m-]-\w sN-m-sX a-Xw-am-w-sIm-p- "t\--' km-[y-a-s-n-cn-s K-k-p-I-fn-epw hn-m-]-\--fn-ep-sam-pw A-Xn-s I-W-p-I Im-Wp-n-s-n A--cw a-Xw-am-- \-S-p-n-s-p X-s-bm-Wv A-Yw. b-Ym-Y kw-`-h--tfm I-W-p-I-tfm Iq-n-\n-m--Xp-sIm-p-X-s-bm-Wv kw-L-]-cn-hm-c-hpw ap-kv-enw-hn-cp- am-[y-a--fpwsI-p-I-Y-I-fp-am-bn k-ap-Zm-b-sth--bm-Sp--Xv.

\m-sf: {]-W-b-`o-I-c-X-bnPo-hn-Xw tlm-an--s--h

]n kn A-p-

4

{]-W-b-`o-I-c-X-bn Po-hn-Xw tlm-an--s--h

I -W-p-I-sf I-_-fn-n-p- Ip-X-{--tfm-sS-bm-Wp tI-c-f-n- B.-F-kv.-F-kv {]-W-b- a-Xw-am- \m-S-I--fp-sS B-hn-jv-Im-cw.kw-m-\-v ]n-m- {In-kv-Xym-\n-I-fp-sS a-Xw-am-w am-{X-am-Wv B-cy-k-am-P--fn-epw ln-p- hn-j-\n-epw A---tk-hm kw-L-n-epw a-pw Ir-Xy-am-bn c-Pn- sN-p--Xv. {]-W-b-n-eq-sS a-Xw-am-p- ap-kv-enw bp-h-Xn-I-p kp-c-n-X-am-b ` m-hn-Po-hn-X-a- a-Z-\-Im-a-cm-P-m-cpw e-y-an-Sp--sX--Xn-\mA--cw a-Xw-am- hn-hm-l- ` q-cn-`m-K-hpw c-Pn- sN--s-Sp-I-

tIm-gn-tm-Sv Pn--bn-se Xm-a-c-t-cn ta-J-e-bn am-{Xw Cu h-jw36 ap-kv-enw bp-h-Xn-I {]-W-b a-Xw-am--n-\p hn-t[-b-cm-bn. ]p-Xp-m-Sn, Xm-a-c-t-cn, I-n-m-d, ]-\-m-Sv ]-m-b-p-I-fn I-gn-10 am-k-n-\n-S-bn- 35 ap-kv-enws]-Ip-n-I-sf a-Xw-am-n I-S-n-sm-p-t]m-b-Xv B.-F-kv.-F-kp-Im-cm-Wv. {In-kv-Xy bp-hm-hm-Wv H-cp ap-kv-enw s] -Ip- n-sb {]-W-bw \-Sn-p a-Xw-am-n-b-Xv.

X-e-bm-s k-- ap-kv-enw Ip-Spw-_-n-se G-I s] -X-cn-bm-bhn-Zym-k---bm-b bp-h-Xn-sb c-m-gv-N ap-v B.-F-kv.-F-kp-Im kw-L-Sn-X-am-bm-Wp X-n-sm-p-t]m-b-Xv. a-I-sf A-t\z-jn- ]n-Xm-hn-s\-bpw _-p--sf-bpw B.-F-kv.-F-kp-Im t]m-en-kn-s I-ap-n-en-p {Iq-c-am-bna-n-p. ]-t tI-sk-Sp-mt]m-en-kv X-m-dm-bn-. t]m-]p-e{^-v {]-h--I cw-K-s-n-b-tXm-sS-bm-Wv t]m-en-kv tI-kv c-Pn-kv- sN-m X-m-dm-b-Xv.-

a-I-kv Km-U-\v Io-gn-ep- ]q-\q-cn-se kz-Im-cy B-ip-]-{Xn-bn\-gv-km-bn-cp- ap-kv-enw bp-h-Xn-sb tI-_n tPm-en-m-c-\m-b Iq-cm-p-n-se {In-kv-Xy bp-hm-hv I-S-n-sm-p-t]m-bn a-Xw am-n-b-Xv c-p-am-kw ap-m-Wv.-

am-tem-d-s ap-Xn- a-X-]-n-X-s a-I-sf A-p-am-kw ap-v B.-F-kv.-F-kp-Im-c a-Xw-am-n b-Xv {]-tZ-i-hm-kn-I-sf sR-n-p. Kp-cp-hm-bq-cn-em-bn-cp-p a-Xw-am-w-. C-h B.-F-kv.-F-kv kw-c--W-bn C-tm Xr-iq am-f-bn Xm-a-kn-p-p.-

]p-Xp-m-Sn-bn-se s]-Ip-n-sb B.-F-kv.-F-kp-Im-c ap-kv-en-am-bn A-`n-\-bn-m-Wp {]-W-bn-v a-Xw am-n-b-Xv. _m-ep-t-cn kz-tZ-in-bm-b H-cp t]m-en-kp-Im-c-\m-Wv Cu a-Xw-am--n-s kq-{X-[m-c. kw-`-h-n-se \m-b-I-\m-bB.-F-kv.-F-kp-Im-c t\-c-thn-hm-l-- n-v tI-kn Ip-Sp-n-b-tm c--s-Sp-n-b-Xpw C-tX t]m-en-kp-Im-c-\m-Wv.

B-dp-am-kw ap-v ]p-Xp-m-SnCu-m-p-g-bn H-cp Ip-n-sam-Xm-hm-b K-^p-Im-c-s `m-cy-sb-bm-Wv B.-F-kv.-F-kp-Im-c{]-W-bw \-Sn-v X-n-sm-p-t]m-b-Xv. kz-Wm-`-c-W--fpw k-m-Zy--fpw ssI--em-n- c--c-am-k-n-\p ti-jw bp-h-Xn-sb D-t]-n-p. Xn-cn-s-n-b bp-h-Xn \-c-I-Po-hn-X-am-Wp \-bn-p--Xv.-

tIm-gn-tm-Sv Pn--bn G--hpwIq-Sp-X ap-kv-enw bp-h-Xn-I a-Xw-am--n-\p hn-t[-b-cm-hp--XpXm-a-c-t-cn ta-J-e-bn-em-Wv. sX- Pn--I-fn- \n-p- \n-am-W-sm-gn-em-fn-I-fpw B-im-cn-am-cp-am-b B.-F-kv.-F-kp-Im Xm-gv- km--n-I Np-p-]m-Sp- bp-h-Xn-I-sf a-Xw-am-n I-S-n-sm-p-t]m-hp--Xv \n-Xy-kw-`-h-am-hp-p-v. F-m C--s\ a-Xw-am--n-\p hn-t[-b-cm-hp--h ` q-cn-`m-K-hpw A-[n-Iw X-m-a-kn-bm-sX D-t]-n--s--Sp- Zp-c-h--bm-Wp\n-e-hn-ep--Xv.-

]n kn A-p-

5

Cu h-jw Xm-a-c-t-cn-bn- a-Xw-am-n-b-Xv 36 ap-kv-enw bp-h-Xn-I-sf

tbm B.-F-kv.-F-kv a-Xw-am- -tI-{--fn-tm-epw tc-J-s-Sp--s-Sp-I-tbm sN-p-n- F--Xm-Wv A-t\z-j-W-n hy--am-b-Xv.

km-h-[m-\-n-ep- hw-i-l-Xy-bm-b-Xn-\m t{]-a-p-gn-bns]-Sp- ap-kv-enw bp-h-Xn-I ta-hn-em-k-hpw _---fpw H-Sp-hnPo-hn-Xw-X-s-bpw tNm-Zy-Nn--am-bn ap-n-tm-hp-p-sh--Xm-Wp ]--bm-b bm-Ym-Yy-.-

^m-dq-Jv tIm-f-Pv hn-Zym-Yn-\n-bm-b j-l-\m-kn-s\ 2005em-Wv H-cp B.-F-kv.-F-kp-Im-c {]-W-bn-p a-Xw-am-n hn-hm-lw sN-bv-X-Xv. F-m, 2008em-Wp tIm-gn-tm-Sv B-cy-k-am-P-n Cu a-Xw-am-w c-Pn-kv- sN-bv-X-Xv. Ip-n-bm-b ti-jw D-t]-n-m-\p- \o--n-\n-sS bp-h-Xn \n-b-a-\-S-]-Sn-sm-cp-n-b-tXm-sS-bm-bn-cp-pA-Xv. ip-n k-n-^n--v hm-m ` -m-hm-b B.-F-kv.-F-kp-Im-c \n-_-n-X-\m-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-p. a-Xw-am-n X-n-sm-p-t]m-bn hn-hm-lw sN-p- k-a-b-v s]-Ip-n-p {]m-b-]q-n-bm-bn-cp-n-. _-w D-t]-n-m _-em-kw-K-p--n-\v A-gn-sb-t-n-h-cp-sa--Xn-\m am-{X-am-Wp aq-p h-j-n-\p ti-jw hn-hm-lw c-Pn- sN-bv-X-Xv.

h-S-I-c-bv--Sp- ta--bq-cn]m-c-e tIm-f-Pv A-[ym-]-I-\m-bcm-P F- B.-F-kv.-F-kp-Im-c-s -sI-Wn-bn Ip-Sp-n-b ap-kv-enw bp-h-Xn-bp-sS I-Y Zp-c--]q-W-am-Wv. "Im-cyw' I-gn--tmbp-h-Xn-sb th-m-Xm-bn. ]o-U-\--fn- s]m-dp-Xn-ap-n _-w D-t]-n-v s]-Ip-n Ip-Spw-_-n-te-p Xn-cn-p-h-cm {i-an-p-p. F-m, G-s-Sp-m X-m-d-s-D-d- \n-e-]m-Sn-em-Wp am-Xm-]n-Xm--fpw _-p--fpw.

tIm-gn-tm-Sv ]-Wn- tdm-Un- B.-F-kv.-F-kp-Im-c-s\m-w H-fn-tm-Sn-b s]-Ip-n ]o-U-\--fn a-\w-s\m-v C-tm tI-kv \-S-p-I-bm-Wv. I-S-ep-n-bn D--X k-e-^n Ip-Spw-_-n-se s]-Ip-n-bm-Wv B.-F-kv.-F-kp-Im-c-s _m-W-n-\v C-c-bm-b-Xv. _-p- G-s-Sp-m--Xn-\mF-m Zp-c-\p-`-h--tfm-sS-bpw Po-hn-Xw \-c-In-p Xo--p-I-bm-WvB bp-h-Xn. a-em--d-v Aw-t_-Zv-I tIm-f-\n-bn-se ap-kv-enw s]-Ip-n-sb B.-F-kv.-F-kp-Im-c-s\m-w A-{]-Xy--am-bn Zn-h-k--p ti-jw t]m-en-kv ]n-Sn-Iq-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-p. t]m-e-n-kn-s C-S-s]-S-sIm-p am-{Xw bp-hm-hv I-eym-W-n-\p \n-_-n-X-\m-bn.

I-e-l-]q--W-am-Wv B "Zm--Xy'hpw. am-hq e-w-ho-Sv tIm-f-\n-bn B.-F-kv.-F-kp-Im-c-s\m-w H-fn-tm-Sn-b ap-kv-enw bp-h-Xn a-

sm-cp Zp-c- I-Ym-]m-{X-am-Wv. bp-h-Xn-p ` -m-hn \n-p a--\-ta-m- Zn-h-k-an-. tim-`-\-bm-bn am-dn-b hm-g-m-s B-an-\-bv-v am-hq-cn-se hn-P-b-s Iq-sS-bp- s]m-dp-Xn-bpw a-[p-cn-p--X-.

ta--bq-cn A-[ym-]n-I-bm-b ap-kv-enw bp-h-Xn-sb A-Sp--Im-e-m-Wp ln-p -bp-hm-hv I-S-n-sm-p-t]m-b-Xv. I--n-bna-Zv-d-km A-[ym-]-I-s `m-cy-sb-bm-Wp cm-{Xn-bp-sS a-d-hn B-e-p-g kz-tZ-in-bm-b B.-F-kv.-F-kp-Im-c sI-Wn-h-p-]n-Sn--Xv.

ap--s ^ m-kn-I-S-bp-S-a-bm-b B.-F-kv.-F-kp-Im-c {]-W-b-\m-S-I-n-eq-sS a-Xw-am-n hn-hm-lw sN-bv-X ap-kv-enw bp-h-Xn A-[n-Iw I-gn-bpw-ap-t Zp-cq-l km-l-N-cy-n a-c-W-s-p. A-Xp-kw-_-n-v t]m-en-kv A-t\z-j-Ww \-S-p-I-tbm Im-a-tZ-h-s k-lm-b-tm-sS \-S-p- "tZ-i-kv-t\-l'{]-h--\-s--n tIm-S-Xn-bn k-Xy-hm-Mv-aq-ew \-Ip-I-tbm sN-bv-Xn-. Ip-n-m-q-cn \n-v B.-F-kv.-F-kp-Im-c-\m-bo I--\n Po-h-\-m-c X-n-sm-p-t]m-b ap-kv-enw bp-h-XnPo-hn-n-cn-p-tm F-p-t]m-epwhn-h-c-an-. \m-Zm-]p-c-s jw-\ F- hn-Zym-k---bm-b bp-h-Xn-sbh-q-cn-se cm-Po-h F- B.-F-kv.-F-kp-Im-c am-k--pap-p h-io-I-c-n-p-sIm-p-t]m-bn.ln-p bp-hm-hn-s\m-w H-fn-tm-Sn-b Xp-q-cn-se Cw-o-jv kv-Iq A-[ym-]n-I-bm-bn-cp- j-_m-\-bp-sSPo-hn-Xw I-o-cpw ssI-bp-am-sW-p _-p- km-y-s-Sp-p-p.

a-t-cn ]m-n-m-Sv kz-tZ-in-bm-b bp-h-tam- t\-Xm-hv ap-kv-enw bp-h-Xn-sb {]-W-bn-p a-Xw-am-n-bm-Wp hn-hm-lw I-gn--Xv. h-q-cn-se kp-ss_-Z, I-cp-hm-c-p-n-se _m-e-hm-Sn ]-cn-Nm-cn-I dw-e-v, I-cp-hm-c-p-n-se k-eo-\,\n-e-q-cn-se kp-ss_-Z, sXm-Sn-bq-cn-se P-ao-e, Im-c-m-]-d-n-se d-Po-\, ap-n-]o-Sn-I-bn-se A-[ym-]-I-s a-I d-Po-\, tIm---en-se l-ko-\, ]-Sn---d-n-se i-_v-\, a-t-cn-bn-se D-p-Ip-kp, l-^v-k-v Xp-S-n-b-h I-gn- c-p-am-k-n-\n-sS B.-F-kv.-F-kv {]-W-b-p-cp-n Ip-Sp-n a-X-n-s a-Xn-Nm-Sn-b-h-cm-Wv. a-e-p-dw--tIm-gn-tm-Sv Pn--I-fp-sSA-Xn-n-{Km-a-n C--gn-d-a-Zm-\n aq-p ap-kv-enw bp-h-Xn-I-sf-bm-Wv A-g-In-b cm-h-W-amI-S-n-sm-p-t]m-b-Xv. tIm-gn-tm-Sv tN-f-q-cn-se C-kv-em-an-btIm-f-Pv hn-Zym-Yn-\n ho-Sn-\p ]n-d-In-se B-im-cn-tbm-sSm-w t]m-bna-Xw am-dn h-p A-hn-sS--sXm-a-k-am-n. Zn-t\-\ a-Zy-]n-p h-cp- ` -m-hn-s ]o-U-\w -aq-e-ap-

\n-e-hn-fn tI-v k-ln-m-Xm-bs]-Ip-n-bp-sS Ip-Spw-_w ho-Sv hn-p -ew-hn-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-p.

h-S-I-c im-n-\-K-dn-se ap-kv-enw bp-h-Xn-sb I-\ym-kv-{Xo-bp-sSIm-an-I-Xz-n-em-Wp I-S-n-sm-p-t]m-bn a-Xw-am-n-b-Xv. bp-h-Xn Xn-cn-p-h-cm-\m-{K-ln-p-s--n-epw kzo-I-cn-m ho-p-Im X-m-d-. im--]p-cw C-kv-em-an-btIm-f-Pn-se H-cp hn-Zym-Yn-\n A-hn-sS A-[ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp- ss{I-kv-X-h bp-hm-hn-t\m-sSm-w H-fn-tm-Sn-bn-v \m-tf-sd-bm-bn-.

Xr-iq-cn-se H-cp ap-kv-enw bp-h-Xn t{]-am-Xn-tc-Iw aq-ew H-cp I-\ym-a-T-n sN-p-s]-v C-tm B--l-Xy-sb-p-dn-p kw-km-cn-p-p.-

I-gn- c-p-Z-i-I-n-\n-sSkw-m-\-n-s hn-hn-[ Pn--I-fn-em-bn B.-F-kv.-F-kv {]-W-b-\m-S-I-n-eq-sS B-bn-c--W-n-\p ap-kv-enw bp-h-Xn-I-sf a-Xw-am-n-b-Xm-bm-Wp a-l-v -X-e--fn-ep-A-t\z-j-W--fn hy--am-hp--Xv. n-Xn-hn-h-c--fn-se A----p-d-am-Wv Cu a-Xw-am---fp-sS-bpw a-Xn-m---fp-sS-bpw Zp-c- hym-]v-Xn. A-\y-a-X--sm-w th-en(fn) Nm-Sn-b ap-kv-enw bp-h-Xn-I-fn 95 i-X-am-\-hpw kp-c-n-X Ip-Spw-_-Po-hn-X-a- C-tm \-bn-p--Xv. Cu C-c-I Xn-c-kv-Ir-X-cpw D-t]-n--s--h-cpw ]o-Un-X-cp-sam-s-bm-bn Po-hn-Xw X-n-\o-p-p. kw-L-]-cn-hm-c t{]-a-n-e-I-s-v H-fn-tm-Sp- s]-Ip-n-I-fn \-sm-cp i-X-am-\w K-`n-Wn-I-fm-hp-tm-tgm H-cp Ip-n-bp-m-hp-tm-tgm D-t]-n--s-Sp-I-bm-sW-v tX-P-kv A-t\z-j-W-n I-s-p-I-bp-m-bn. C-h-cp-sS ssI-h-i-ap- B-`-c-W-A-tm-tg-pw hn-p-Xo-n-p-m-hpw. am-\-lm-\n aq-ew kz-w ho-n-te-pw \m-n-te-pw Xn-cn-p-sN-m-\m-hm-sX C-h t\-sc s]-hm-Wn-`-kw-L--fn-te-s-n-s-Sp-p. Im-ap-I-m s]-hm-Wn-`w \-S-p- kw-`-h--fpwsk-Iv-kv dm--p-I-v ` m-cy-am-schn- kw-`-h--fpw \n-c-h-[n-bm-Wv.ap-kv-enw bp-h-Xn-I-sf a-Xw-am-n Im-am-k-n Xo-v s]-cp-h-gn-bn-ep-t]-n-v a-X-ssh-cw Xo-p--h-cm-Wv A-tX \m-W-b-n-ep- B-tcm-]-W--fp-am-bn ap-kv-enw bp-hm--s-Xn-tc cw-K-p--Xv.

tI-c-f-n-s km-bm---sfap-kv-enw-hn-cp- sI-p-I-Y-I sIm-p a-en-\-am-p--Xn ap-]-n-bn-ep- A-n--{X-am-Wv sXm-Km-Un-b-bp-sS \m-hv -I-S-sa-Sp-v eut_mw-_v tI-c-f-n B-Zy-am-bns]m-n--Xv. A-Xn-\n-sS, hn-Zym-k---bm-sbm-cp ap-kv-enw s]-Ip-n-sb a-Xn-Nm-Sn-m-\m-bn kz-wk-_v F-Un--sd \n-tbm-Kn-p-I Iq-

Sn sN-bv-Xp-I-f-q Cu ]-{Xw.-"tdm-an-tbm Pn-lm-Zn'am-sc tX-Sn

^v-fm-jn-s I-Y-sb-gp-p-Im ` m-h-\-bp-sS Nn-d-In-te-dn Imw-]-kp-I-fn h-w-]-d-p-tm B ]-{X-n-s H-cp k-_v F-Un- b-Ym-Y tdm-an-tbm th-jw sI-n I-qF-kv.-F tIm-f-Pv Imw-]-kn A-e-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-p. F-S-m-Sn-\-Sp- a-l-v ` m-c-hm-ln-bp-sS a-I-fm-bUn-{Kn hn-Zym-Yn-\n-bm-bn-cp-p Xn-cq kz-tZ-in-bm-b B ]-{X-{]-h--I-s {]-W-b-\m-bn-I. I-eym-Ww \-S-p. "{]-W-b Pn-lm-Zn'I-fp-sS t]-cn ap-kv-enw bp-h-Xz-n-s\-Xn-tc bp-w {]-Jym-]n- C-ym-hn-j Nm-\-en-s dn-t]m--dm-bn-cp-p ap-kv-enw s]-Ip-n-sb a-X-n-s a-Xn Nm-Sn-m ap-Jy -Im-an. "\n-\-v \n-s a-Xw, F-\n-s-s a-Xw' F-m-bn-cp-p a-Xn Nm-Sn-h- s]-Ip-n-tbm-Sp- am-[y-a kp-lr-n-s D-d-v. ]-t, a-[p-hn-[p I-gn--tm Im-cy- A--s\-sbm-p-a-s-ps]-Ip-n Xn-cn--dn-p.

I-Ym-\m-b-I-s-bpw \m-bn-I-bp-sS-bpw a-X-]-m--ew t\-sc Xn-cn-m-bn-cp-s-n ^v-fm-jn-s-bpw tI-c-f Iu-ap-Zn-bp-sS-bpw I-em-Iu-ap-Zn-bp-sS-bp-sam-s \n-dw-]n-Sn-n- I-Y-I-fn B hn-hm-lw "am-[y-a a-Xw-am- Pn-lm-Zm-bn' C-Sw-t\-Sp-am-bn-cp-p-. eu Pn-lm-Zn-s\-p-dn-v ]---w Ip-n-\n-d- I-h-tm-dn X-m-dm-n-b I-em-Iu-ap-Zn-bp-sS C-tm-g-s ssI-Im-cy-I-m-hv, F-{S-kv F-gp-Xm h-S-I-c-bn \n-p Xn-cp-h-\--]p-c-p h- ap-kv-enw s]-Ip-n-vh-gn-Im-Wn-p sIm-Sp-v t{]-an--Xpw kw-`-hw h-j-fm-b-Xpw ]-{X-n h-cm- I-Y am-{Xw.

ap-kv-enw bp-hm--sf a-Xw-am-`o-I-c-X-bp-sS h-m--fm-bn Nn-{Xo-I-cn-p- tIm--bw ss]-n-fn]-{X-n-s I-Y-bpw hy-Xy-kv-X-a-. Iv-\m-\m-b {In-kv-Xy s]-Ip-n-sb _-e-am-bn X-n-sm-p-t]m-bn sIm-n-bn-se B.-F-kv.-F-kvHm-^n-kn-h-p \n-_-n-X a-X-]-cn-h--\w \-S-n-b B-fm-Wpa-Xw-am- ` o-I-c-X-sb-p-dn-v "K-th-j-W {]-_--' A-h-X-cn-n-p hm-b-\-m-sc tIm--a-bn sIm-n-p--Xv.

H-cp tIm--bw ]-{X-{]-`p-hn-s a-I ]m-In-kv-Xm-\n-se sF.-F-kv.-sF Hm-^n-k-dp-sS a-I-sf-bm-Wvt{]-a-n Ip-cp-n am-tam-Zo-k ap-n-b-Xv. {]-[m-\ Zn-hy-am Ip-Xn-p-sN- B A-m-cm-jv-{S hn-hm-l-n ]-t a-{n ap-Jy-m ]-s-Sp-n-. Im-c-Ww hy-w.-

\m-sf: a-Xw-am- \n-Kq-V-X-I-fp-sSss{I-kv-X-h am-\-

a-Xw-am- \n-Kq-V-X-I-fp-sS ss{I-kv-X-h-am-\-H-cp a-X-kw-L-S-\-bp-sS k-Po-h k-l-bm-{Xn-I-\m-bn-cp-p sh--bnkz-tZ-in-bm-b tIm-gn-tm-s C-cp-p-hym-]m-cn. h-j--p ap-vA-t-l-n-s a-I a-c-W-s-p.I-^- sN-bv-Xv a-n-v ]-n-bn-te-s-Sp-m t\-cw a-cn--bm-fp-sS ` m-cy-bp-sS A-`y-Y-\:

"A-w-Iq-Sn Im--Ww, ^ m-ZH-p h-tm-s.-'

\m-p-Im I-cp-Xn bp-h-Xn-bp-sS]n-Xm-hn-s\-bm-bn-cn-pw Im-n-cn-p--sX-v. A-w I-gn--tm "^m-Z' h-p. bp-h-Xn-bp-sS]n-Xm-h-; km-m- ]-o-e-.^m-Z A-y-I-a- Xp-S-n.\m-p-Im B-Zyw sR-n. B sR- ]n-s kw-L-j-am-bn. ^m-Z-sd ]p-d-m-n a-n-v _-e-am-bn]-n-bn-te-s-Sp-p, J-_-d-S-n.

a-c-W-s--bm t\-c-t {In-kv-Xp-a-Xw kzo-I-cn-n-cp-p. a-c-Ww-h-sc A-Xp a-d-p-h-bv-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. A-v A-hn-sS a-d-\o-n-b-XvIm-e--fm-bn tI-c-f-n A-c-t-dp- ss{I-kv-X-h a-Xw-am- \n-Kq-V-X-I-fp-sS H-c-[ym-bw am-{Xw.

h-b-\m-Sv ]-Sn-m-d--d kz-tZ-in-bm-b kp-sse-am \-n Zm-dp--emw A-d-_n-Iv tIm-f-Pn-se Un-{Knhn-Zym-Yn-bm-bn-cp-p. C sI A-_q-_- ap-kv-eym-cp-sS in-jy. Jp-B h-N-\--fpw l-Zo-kpw A-d-_n Im-hy-i-I-e--fp-sam-s a-t\m-l-c-am-bp-]-tbm-Kn-v Cu-W-n {]-`m-j-Ww \-S-n-h- bp-h ]-n-X. hn-p-am-dm- sXm--th-Z-\ {]-kw-K-n-\p X-S--am-b-tm- kp-sse-am ]-e tUm--am-sc-bpw k-ao-]n-p. H-Sp-hn, k-`-bp-sS Io-gn-ep- I-- ^ m-n-a am-Xm an-j B-ip-]-{Xn-bn-se-n.

13 h-jw ap-m-bn-cp-p kw-`-hw. ssh-Zn-I-\m-b tUm- Zn-h-k- \o- ]-cn-tim-[-\-bv-n-sSkp-sse-am-s A-Sp- kp-lr-m-bn-am-dn. a-cp-p-sIm-v A-kp-Jw]q-W-am-bn t`-Z-am-hn-s-pw c-m-gv-N t]m--bn [ym-\-an-cn--W-sa-pw D-]-tZ-in-p. a-cp-n-\p ]-I-cw, {In-kv-Xp-a-X-s A-Sp--dn-bm-\p- ]p-kv-X-I--fpw \-In.

Ip-d-p-Im-ew kp-sse-am-s\ Im-Wm-Xm-bn. Xn-cn-p-h-- ti-jw Ip-Spw-_-n-epw a-X km-l-N-cy--fn-epw bp-hm-hv km-[m-c-W-t]m-se C-S-]-g-In. B-cp-sam-p-a-dn-n-. ]n-o-Sv ho-pw kp-sse-am ap-n. aq-mw-h-jw {In-kv-Xp-a-X {]-Nm-c-I-\m-bn A-bm h-b-\m-n {]-Xy--s-p. a-e-_m-dn a-X-{]-Nm-c-W-n-\p an-j-\-dn-am C-tm {]-[m-\-am-bpw D-]-tbm-Kn-p--Xv C-bm-sf-bm-Wv. Jp-B-\n-s\-bpw {]-hm-N-I h-N-\--sf-bpw J-n-p-kp-sse-am-s kn.--Un-I-fpw Im-k-p-I-fpw C-tm- k-Po-hw.

tI-c-f Im--en-Iv _n-j-]vIu-kn-en-s Io-gn-ep- sI.-kn.-_n.-kn tkm-jy lm-a-Wn-bp-sSsk-{I--dn ^ m-Z tPm-Wn sIm-p ]-d-n Pm-{K-X-sb- t]-cn I-gn- Zn-h-k-an-d-n-b t\m-o-knB-tcm-]n-p--Xv, am-\p-jn-I-hn-Im-c- Nq-j-Ww sN-bv-Xv ap-kv-enwbp-hm- A-\y-a-X s]-Ip-n-I-

sf a-Xw-am-p-p-sh-m-Wv. kw-L-]-cn-hm-cw ]p-d-p-hn- A-Sn-m-\-c-ln-X-am-b I-W-p-I-fpw ^ m. tPm-Wn B-h-n-n-p-v.

]-n-Wn ap-X {]m-Y-\ h-sc-bp- am-\p-jn-I ssh-Im-cn-I-X-I-sf H-m--cw B-bp-[--fm-bn {]-tbm-Kn-v a-X-n-\v B-sf tN-p-]m-c--cy-am-Wv H-p-an- k-`-I-fp-tS-Xp-sa- bm-Ym-Yyw a-d-p-h-m-Wv^m. tPm-Wn sIm-p ]-d-n-en-s\t]m-se-bp--h-cp-sS B-tcm-]-W--p am-[y-a- {]m-[m-\yw\-Ip--Xv.

ap-kv-enw-I-s-Xn-tc C-tmB.-F-kv.-F-kn-s ` m-j I-S-sa-Sp-p- Im--en-Iv _n-j-]v Iu-kn-en-\pw k-`-I-p-sa-Xn-tc t\-c-t hn-iz-ln-p ]-cn-j-v ]p-d-p-hn- "h-kv-Xp-X-I' a-t\m-c-a D-s-sS-bp- ]-{X- C-tmku-I-cy-]q-hw hn-kv-a-cn-p-I-bm-sW--Xpw {i-t-bw.

H-do-k I-em-]-hp-am-bn _--s- \m-fp-I-fn kw-m-\-s kw-L-]-cn-hm-c t\-Xr-Xzw am-Xw-am--hp-am-bn _--s- Kp-cp-X-c-am-b B-tcm-]-W--fm-Wv tI-c-f-n-sess{I-kv-X-h k-`-I-pw ta-[m-hn-I-p-sa-Xn-tc D--bn--Xv.

hn-Zym-`ym-k, Po-h-Im-cp-Wy {]-h--\--fp-sS t]-cn tI-c-f-n-se H-p-an- k-`-I-fp-tS-bpw Io-gn {]-[m-\-am-bn \-S-p--Xv kw-L-Sn-X a-Xw-am--am-sW- _n.-sP.-]n kw-m-\ {]-kn-U v D-s-sS-bp--h-cp-sS {]-kv-Xm-h-\-I-fp-sSA--Sn-a-jn C-\n-bpw D-W-n-bn-p-an-.

]-n-Wn-bpw Po-hn-X-ssZ-\y-X-I-fpw Nq-j-Ww sN-bv-Xp-sIm-p-hn-]p-e-am-b a-Xw-am- ]--Xn-I \-S-m-p--Xn-\n-S-bn X-s-bm-Wvap-kv-enw-I-sf e-y-an-p- {]-tXy-I a-Xw-am- kw-cw-`--fpw {In-kv-Xy an-j-\-dn-I tI-c-f-n B-

hn-jv-I-cn--Xv. ap-kv-enw ` q-cn-]- {]-tZ-i-am-b a-e-p-dw a-t-cn-bn eq-Y-d k-`-bp-sS Io-gn 1981 B-cw-`n- a-I-kp _n-jm-d A-Xn-skm-y-am-Wv.

H-Xp-p- kz-tZ-in-bm-b s\-n-p- A-e-hn-sb ^ m-Z A-e-hn-bm-bn th-jw sI-n-m-Wv eq-Y-d k-` a-I-kp _n-jm-d a-t-cn-bn m-]n--Xv. C-tX-k-a-bw X-s, Im-bw-Ip-f-v th-sdm-cp A-e-hn-sb cw-K-n-d-n k-am-\-am-b a-sm-cp a-Xw-am- tI-{-hpw B-cw-`n-p.

a-X-t_m-[-an-m- Z-cn-{Z ap-kv-enw bp-h-Xn-I-sf-bm-bn-cp-p a-I-kp _n-jm-d e-y-an--Xv. A-hn-sS h-p-s]- bp-h-Xn-I \-S-n-p-Im-c-s a-p e-y--p Iq-SnC-c-bm--s-p-sh-m-Wv B-tcm-]-Ww. H-Sp-hn, ssew-Kn-I ]o-U-\-t-kn h-sc Im-cy--sf-n-b-tm '97 a-I-kp _n-jm-d-

I -p-h- ln-p-Xz \p-W-I F--s\-bm-Wv tUm.Fw sI ap-\o-dn-s C-ym-hn-j D-s-sS-bp- Nm-\-ep-I-fp-sS ss{]w-ssS-an-epw km-bm--]-{X--fp-sS{]-[m-\ t]-Pp-I-fn-epw ap-kv-enw-hn-cp- F-Iv-kv-q-ko-hp-I-fm-hp--sX--Xn-s an-I- km-y-am-Wv bp-h am-[y-a {]-h--I-\m-b cm-Po-hv i--c-s sh-fn-s-Sp-. A-t-lw C-ym-hn-j -s tIm-gn-tm-Sv _yq-tdm No-^m-bn-cn-s sam-ss_-en a-sm-cp am-[y-a {]-h--I-s k-t-iw e-` n-p. F- p-am-kw ap-veu- Pn-lm-Zv hn-hm-Z-n-\p I-f-sam-cp-p- k-a-b-am-bn-cp-pA-Xv.

ap-kv-enw bp-hm- ln-ps]-Ip-n-I-sf {]-W-bw \-Sn-p a-Xw-am-n ssew-Kn-I Nq-j-Ww \-S-n-b-ti-jw D-t]-n-p-p-sh-m-bn-cp-p cm-Po-hvi--c-s sam-ss_-en h- k-t-iw. A-t\z-j-W-n H-cpF.-_n.-hn.-]n t\-Xm-hm-Wv Bsam-ss_ k-t-i-n-s D-]-m-Xm-sh-pw am-[y-a {]-h--I-cm-Wp k-t-i-hm-l-I-sc-pw t_m-[y-s- p. F-m-bm-epw C-ym-hn-j A-Xp h-m--bm-n-sb-pw A-Xn-s ap _yq-tdm No-^ v km-y-s-Sp-p-p.

{]-ho sXm-Km-Un-b-bpw {io-cm-a-tk-\-bpw H--Xp-am-kw ap-v aw-K-em-]p-c-v s]m- n- eu- Pn-lm-Zv \p-W-t_mw-_m-Wp tI-c-f-n-se F.-_n.-hn.-]n--bp-h-tam-- am-[y-a kn-Un-t-v G-s-Sp--Xv. F-m, Ip-{]-Nm-c-W- th--{X N- sN--s-Sm-sX X-Wp-p-d-p Xp-S-n-b-tXm-sS eu- t_mw-_vI-Y-I-p \n-d-q- p-I tN-v k-q-W Xn-c--Y-bp-am-bn kw-L-]-cn-hm-c sh-_v-ssk-p-I cw-K-p-h-p. B.-F-kv.-F-kv \-S-p- "ssl--h tI-c-fw'sh-_v-ssk-n ap-kv-enw-hn-cp--am-b F-m tN-cp-h-I-tfm-sS-bpw "eu Pn-lm-Zv' I-Y-I {]-Xy--s- p. sXm--p-]n-m-se hn.-F-v.-]n-bp-sS "ln-p Pm-{K-Xm k-a-Xn'

sh-_v-ssk-pw b-n--Y-I-fp-am-bn cw-K-s-n. sXm- p-]n-d-sI I-em-Iu-ap-Zn-bp-sS Du-gw. "ssl--h

tI-c-f'-n-s sI-p-I-Y-I C-en-P-kv _yq-tdm-bp-sS-bpw kv-s]-jy {_m-n-s-bpw X-fn-I-bn-em-n-bm-Wv I-em-Iu-ap-Znhn-f-n-b-Xv. Iq- -n Kp-P-dm-n-se k-t-iv tam-U hn-j-q- p-I-fpw. "ssl--h -

tI-c-f'n h- eu- Pn-lm-Zv I-Y-I sF._n-p e-`n--Xm-sW-p I-em-Iu-ap-Zn-bm-Wv "sh-fn-s-Sp-p--Xv.-' tI-c-fw ap-pw I-s-n-bn-cp-p C--cw sh-fn-

s-Sp--ep-I. I-em-Iu-ap-Zn-sbm-cn- F.--Un.--F-^p-am-bnsX-n-n-cn- H-cp-h Po-h-`-bwIm-c-Ww K-^n H-fn-n-cp-pkw-L-S-\-sb-p-dn-p \-In-bF-Iv-kv-q-ko-hv hn-h-c- sh-fn-s-Sp-n-bn-cp-p. tIm-S-Xn t\m-o-kv sIm-Sp--tm K-^ n H-fn-n-cn-p--h U-kv-In-en-cn-p--h-\m-sW-p hy--am-bn. tIm-S-Xn-bn I-em-Iu-ap-Zn d-jy {S-o-kp-Im-cn-sb tXm-n-p-sa-bv-h-g--am-Wv Im-Wn--Xv.

"ssl--h tI-c-fw' B---Y-bp-sS ss-am-Iv-kn-te-p am-[y-a- sIm-pw Ip-c-h-bp-am-bn ap-t-dp--Xn-\n-sS-bm-Wv eu- Pn-lm-Zp-am-bn t]m-en-kn-s A-c-t-w.B-Sn-s\ ]-n-bpw ]-n-sb t]--n-bp-am-n "Xo-{h-hm-Z'th- \-S-p-

-Xn km-a-Yyw sX-fn-bn- t]m-en-kn-\p ]--\w-Xn- sk v tPm -kv tIm-f-Pn-se c-p Fw.-_n.-F hn-Zym-Yn-\n-I-fp-sS kz-ta-[-bm D- a-Xw-am--s "eu -Pn-lm-Zp'am-bn _-n-n-m A-[n-Iw X-e-]p-I-tb-n h-n-. a-X-s A-Sp--dn-vXo-cp-am-\-n-ep-d-p-\n- s]-Ip-n-I-sf H-cp-hn-[-n-epw ]n-n-cn-n-m-\m-hm-sX h--tm ]--\w-Xn- kz-tZ-in-I-fm-b j-l-jm, kn-dm-Pp-o F-n-h-s-Xn-tc t]m-en-kv eu -Pn-lm-Zv F- ]-Xn-s\- m-a-s B-bp-[w ]p-d-s-Sp-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. s]- -Ip-n-I-sf Im-Wm-\n-s-p Im-n _-p- Xr-q-Wn-p-d, t]-cq--S t-j-\p-I-fn ]-cm-Xn \-In-bn-cp-p.

tI-kn-s ]-m--e-n j-l-j-bpw kn-dm-Pp-o-\pw ssl-tm-S-Xn-bn ap-Iq Pm-aym-t]-\-In. kz-w C--{]-Im-c-am-Wv a-Xw-am-dn-b-sX-ps] -Ip- n-I B-Zyw tIm-S-Xn-sb A-dn-bn--Xn-\mbp-hm--s-Xn-cm-b tI-kv tIm-S-Xn-bn Xo-m-hp--Xv X-S-bm-\pw bp-h-Xn-I A-h-sm-w t]m-hp-km-l-N-cyw C-m-Xm-m-\pw t]m-en-kv I-cp- \o-n. a-Xw-am-dn-b {In-kv-Xy s] -Ip- n D--X t]m-en-kv D-tZym-K--s A-Sp- _-p-hm-Wv. ln-p-s] -Ip- n _n.-sP.-]n kw-m-\ t\-Xm-hn-s _-p-hpw.

"ssl--h tI-c-f-'hpw am[y-a-fpw

]n kn A-p-

6

Xm-gp-ho-Wp. a-t-cn-bn \n-p\m-Sp-I-S--s- ^m-Z A-e-hntI-kpw Iq--hp-am-bn C-tm tIm-gn-tm-Sv sh-kv-v-ln-n I-gn-bp-p.

ss{I-kv-X-h-k-`-I-fp-sS \n-b-{-W-n-ep- tIm-f-Pp-I-fnsF-I-^pw Imw-]-kv {Iq-tk-Upw \-

S-p--Xv t{]-jn-X {]-h--\-am-Wv. A-Xm-b-Xv a-Xw-am-w.

im--]p-cw Pm-an-A A C-kv-em-an--bp-sS ap-Zo hn sI A-en A-dn-bn-p-p:

""C--se {]-kn-o-I-cn- ]-c--c-bn im--]p-cw C-kv-em-an-bm

tIm-f-Pn-se H-cp hn-Zym-Yn-\n A-hn-sS A-[ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp- ss{I-kv-X-h bp-hm-hn-t\m-sSm-w H-fn-tm-SnF- ]-cm-a-iw hym-P-am-Wv. R--fp-sS m-]-\-n C--cw H-cp kw-`-h-ta D-m-bn-n-.-''

"im--]p-cw a-l-n-se H-cp hn-Zym-Yn-\n' F--Xv "im--]p-cw C-

kv-em-an-bm tIm-f-Pn-se hn-Zym-Yn-\n' F-p sX-m-bn dn-t]m-v sN-bv-X-Xn tJ-Zn-p-p.- -]-{Xm-[n-]

\m-sf: sI-p-I-Y-I tIm-S-Xn-I-fp-sS I-p-sI-p- hn-[wv

sI-p-I-Y-I tIm-S-Xn-bpsS I-p-sI-p- hn-[weu- Pn-lm-Zv, tdm-an-tbm Pn-lm-Zv Xp-S-n-b kw-L-S-\-I kw-m-\-v Imw-]-kp-I tI-{o-I-cn-v {]-h--\w Du-Pn-X-s-Sp-n-b-Xm-bn hn-h-cw e-`n--Xn-\m-em-Wv A-t\z-j-W-n-\v D--c-hn--sX-m-WvtIm-S-Xn ]-d-bp--Xv. A-\y-a-X--cm-b s]-Ip-n-I-sf C-kv-em-an-te-p ]-cn-h--\w sN-m-\m-bn ap-kv-enw-I-n-S-bn aq-p h-j-am-bn {]-h-n-p--h-bm-Wv Cukw-L-S-\-I-sf- \n-co--W-tm-sS-bm-Wv ssl-tm-S-Xn A-Sn-b--cA-t\z-j-W-n-\v \n-tZ-iw \--In-b-Xv.

kv-t^m-S-\m--I-am-bm-Wv euPn-lm-sZ- tIm-S-Xn-bp-sS ]-cm-a-i-hpw \n-co--W--fpw hm--I-fn C-Sw t\-Sn-b-Xv. F-m, Cuhn-h-c- tIm-S-Xn-v F-hn-sS-\n-p e-`n-p-sh--Xv C-Xp kw-_-n- hm--I-fn-sem-pw I-n-. k-aq-l-n-\n-p t\-cn-v tIm-S-Xn-I-v hn-h-c- e-`n-m cm-Py-p kw-hn-[m-\-an-.

tI-kp-I-fpw km-aq-ln-I kw-`-h-hn-Im-k--fp-am-bn _--s- hn-h-c- t{]m-kn-Iyq-j-\m-Wv tIm-S-Xn-I-p ssI-am-dm-dv. A-t\z-j-WG-P-kn-I h-gn B-`y--c h-Ip-v k-am-l-cn-p- s]m-Xp-hn-h-c--fpw tI-kv hn-h-c--fpw t{]m-kn-Iyq-j U-b-d- P-\-d-tem B h-Ip-tm h-gn X-s-bm-Wv tIm-S-Xn-I-fn F-p--Xv.

eu Pn-lm-Zv, tdm-an-tbm Pn-lm-ZvXp-S-n-b t]-cp-I-fn ap-kv-enw Xo-{h-hm-Zn-I s]-Ip-n-I-sf a-Xwam-p--Xm-bn H-cp tI-kv t]m-epwkw-m-\-v C-Xp-h-sc c-Pn-kv-sN--s-n-n-. C--cw kw-L-S-\-I tI-c-f-n {]-h-n-p--Xm-bn kw-m-\ B-`y--c -h-Ip-vI-s-n-bn-p-an-. t{]m-kn-Iyq-j U-b-d- P-\-d-tem A-t-l-n-s Hm-^n-tkm C--cw hn-h-c- tIm-S-Xn-p \-In-bn-p-an-s-m-Wv A-t\z-j-W-n hy--am-b-Xv.

]n-s-sb--s\ -Pn-lm-Zv- F- hn-ip--am-b C-kv-em-an-I kw--sb A-]-Io-n-s-Sp-p-I-bpw Imw-]-kp-I-fn-se ap-kv-enw bp-h-Xz-s-b-m-sS {]-Xn-q-n-em-p-I-bpw sN-bv-X ]-cm-a-i- tIm-S-

Xn-tc-J-I-fn C-Sw t\-Sn- F--Xv {]-k--am-b tNm-Zy-am-Wv. \n-tZm-j-tam e-Lp-hm-b-tXm B-b ]-cm-a-i--f- tIm-S-Xn \-S-n-b-Xv. a-X-kv-]-[ h-f--p--Xpw Pp-Kp-]v-km-h-

l-hp-am-b kw-L-]-cn-hm-c-`m-j P-n-kv i--c A-tX-]-Sn I-S-sa-Sp-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p.

ln-p sF-Iy-th-Zn kw-m-\sk-{I--dn C F-kv _n-Pp-hm-Wv -eu Pn-lm-Zv- F- {]-tbm-K-hp-am-bn C--gn- k-]v-Xw-_ 1-\v B-Zy-am-bn cw-K-p-h--Xv. {]-W-b-n-eq-sS ln-p s]-Ip-n-I-sf a-Xw am-p- kw-m-\-s \m-epap-kv-enw a-X-]-cn-h--\-tI-{--fn-te-v ln-p sF-Iy-th-Zn am-v\-S-p-sa-m-bn-cp-p _n-Pp-hn-s{]-Jym-]-\w. kw-m-\-v ap-kv-enw Xo-{h-hm-Z-tI-{--fn X-S-hn ]m-n-n-cn-p- ln-p bp-h-Xn-I-fp-sS -I-W-pw- A-t-lw ]p-d-p-hn-n-cp-p.

]-t, ln-p sF-Iy-th-Zn-bp-sSam-v {]-Jym-]-\-n-sem-Xp-n.am-pw sd-bv-Upw X-S-bm-s\m-pwB-cpw cw-K-p-h-n-s-n-epw _n-Pp-hpw Iq--cpw ho-n-en-cp-p. 972 ln-p s]-Ip-n-I-sf ap-kv-enw Xo-{h-hm-Zn-I X-S-hn ]m-n-v a-Xw am-m {i-an-p--Xm-bn {]-kv-Xm-h-\-bn-d-n-sb-n-epw C-Xp kw-_-n-v H-cp sh---S-em-kn t]m-en-kn ]-cm-Xn \-Im t]m-epw ln-

p-Xz X-m-dm-b-Xp-an-. A--s\-bn-cn-s-bm-Wv _n.-

sP.-]n ap-J-]-{X-n eu Pn-lm-Zn-s\-Xn-tc ]-c--c B-cw-`n--Xv. P-a-`q-an h-I "Pn-lm-Zn tdm-an-tbm' F-{]-tbm-K-hpw a-e-bm-f-`m-j-bv-p ]p-Xp-Xm-bn e-`n-p. 2006em-Wv Pn-lm-Zntdm-an-tbm-I tI-c-f-n-se-n-b-sX-m-bn-cp-p P-a-`q-an-bp-sS I-s-. eu- Pn-lm-Zn-s a-d-hnkw-m-\-p \-S-p- a-X-]-cn-h--\--sf-p-dn-v -I-W-p-

\n-c-n-b P-a-`q-an kw-m-\-v\-S- kw-`-h--fp-sS-bpw c--s--h-cp-sS-bpw tI-kp-I-fp-sS F--hpwhn-i-Zo-I-cn-n-cp-p.

ln-p s]-Ip-n-I-sf h-io-I-cn-v a-Xw am-p- tI-{--sf-bpw hy-n-I-sf-bpw kw-L-S-\-I-sf-bp-sam-s P-a-`q-anh-n-]p-n hn-Sm-sXA-h-X-cn-n-n-pw B h-gn-v H-c-t\z-j-W-w B-h-iy-s-v kw-L-]-cn-hm-c-n-se n-cw {]-kv-Xm-h-\m kp-tc-{-am t]m-epw cw-K-p-h--

In-fn-am-\q-cn aq-p -h--j-n-\n-sS

{]-W-b-p-cp-n- A-I-s--Xv

350Hm-fw ap-kv-enw s]--Ip-n-I

In-fn-am-\q-: Xn-cp-h-\--]p-cw Pn--bp-sS h-S-p-In-g-- ta-J-e-bn-\n-p- am-{Xw I-gn- aq-p- h--j-n-\p-n- 350Hm-fw ap-kv-enw s]--Ip-n-I-sf A-\y-a-X--cm-b bp-hm-- {]-W-bw \-Sn-v I-S-n-sm-p-t]m-bn-p--Xm-bn I-W-p-I. Nn-d-bn--Io-gv, s\-Sp-a-m-SvXm-eq-v {]-tZ-i--fn-em-Wv C--cw kw-`-h- hym-]-I-am-bn \-S-p--sX-v t]m-en-kv- kv-t-j-\p-I-f-n-se I-W-p-I- hy--am-p-p.

s]--Ip-n-I-fn- A-[n-I-hpw Pm-Xn-bpw a-X-hp-sam-pw t\m-m-sX am-Xm-]n-Xm--sf-bpw _-p--sf-bp-sam-s D-t]-n-v {]-W-bn- bp-hm---sm-w C-d-n-n-cn-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. A-\y-a-X-m-cm-b bp-hm--fp-sS ` m-cy-am-cm-bn Po-hn-v im-co-cn-I-hpw am-\-kn-I-hp-am-b ]o-U-\-- G-sd G--Xn-\p-ti-jw kz-`-h-\--fn- Xn-cn-s-n-b kw-`-h--fpw A-\-h-[n-bp-v. ]p-cp-j--am hn-tZ-i-p- Ip-Spw-_--fn-se s]--Ip-n-I-fm-Wv C--cw Ip-cp-n- A-I-s--h-cn- G-sd-bpw.

Pn--bn-se In-fn-am-\q-, ]m-tm-Sv, ]-n--, I---ew, h---e,B-n--, I-S-bv-m-hq-, aw-K-em-]p-cw, A-p-sX-v, Nn-d-bn--Io-gv,sh-m-d-aq-Sv, ]m-tem-Sv, s\-Sp-a-m-Sv, hn-Xp-c, h--m-d t]m-en-kv kv-t-j-\p-I-fn- Hm-tcm-n-epw 2007 ap-X- 2009 k-]v-Xw-_- h-sc-bp- Im-e-b-f-hn- Hm-tcm h--j-hpw ]-n-e-[n-Iw s]--Ip-n-I- A-\y-a-X--cm-b bp-hm--sf {]-W-bn-v ho-Sp hn-n-d-n-b-Xm-bn tc-J-I- km-y-s-Sp-p-p.

"eu Pn-lm-Zv' {]-Nm-c-Ww i--am-b I-gn- k-]v-Xw-_- am-k-n- In-fn-am-\q t]m-en-kv kv-t-j- ]-cn-[n-bn am-{Xw aq-p ap-kv-enw s]--Ip-n-I-sf-bm-Wv A-\y-a-X--cm-b bp-hm-- X-n-sm-p-t]m-b-Xv. ]-T-\-n-\n-S-bn- {]-W-bn-v sF.-Sn ta-J-e-bn-se bp-hm-hp-sam-v C-d-n-tm-b s]--Ip-n H-cp -Ip-v P-\n--tm- D-t]-n--s-v Xn-cn-sI-sb-n-bn-cp-p.

]m-tm-Sv ` -c-X-q- kz-tZ-in-\n-bm-b ap-kv-enw s]--Ip-n-sb H--c -h-jw I-gn-n-pw I-s-m-\m-bn-n-.

kz-Im-cy _-kv, Hm-tm F-n-h-bn-se B.--F-kv.--F-kp-Im-cm-b Po-h-\-m-cm-Wv ap-kv-enw s]--Ip-n-I-sf {]-W-b-p-cp-n- A-I-s-Sp-p--Xn-se hn-cp-X-m-.

]n kn A-p-

7

Xp-an-. eu tdm-an-tbm-am-s-Xn-cm-b

A-t\z-j-W-n I-s-n-b -"I-c ]n-f-p- I-W-p-I-fpwhn-h-c--fpw' G-sX-n-epw A-t\z-j-W G-P-kn-I-p ssI-am-dn"`m-c-X-kv-{Xo -X ` m-h-ip-n-' Im-m ]-c--c F-gp-Xn-b te-J-I-t\m {]-kn-o-I-cn- ]-{Xm-[n-]-tcman-\-s--Xp-an-.

ap-kv-enw hn-cp- kw-L-]-cn-hm-c \p-W-{]-Nm-c-W--fp-sS kzm-`m-hn-I ]-X-\w X-s-bm-Wv P-a-`q-an ]-c--c-bv-pw kw-`-hn--Xv. ]-t, am-[y-a-kw-Ln-I-fp-sS ap-kv-enw-hn-cp- \n-L-p-hn-te-v eu -Pn-lm-Zv, Pn-lm-Zn tdm-an-tbm Xp-S-n-b ]p-Xn-b {]-tbm-K- _n.-sP.-]n ]-{Xw h-I _m-n-bm-bn.

A-Sp- Du-gw tI-c-f-i--n-t-Xm-bn-cp-p. {]-W-bw \-Sn-v 500tIm-f-Pv hn-Zym-Yn-\n-I-sf A-Sp-Im-e-v kw-m-\-v C-kv-emw-a-X-n-te-v ]-cn-h--\w sN-bv-X-

Xm-bpw C-Xn 120 s]-Ip-n-Ic--s-v Xn-cn-s-n-b-Xm-bnt]m-en-kn-\p hn-h-cw e-`n--Xm-bpwtI-c-f-i-w sh-fn-s-Sp-n. tI-c-f-n-se Imw-]-kp-I-fn \n-v 940A-ap-kv-enw s]-Ip-n-I-sf C--c-n Im-Wm-Xm-sb-v C-en-P-kn-\p hn-h-cw e-`n-s-pw tI-c-f-i-w X-n-hn-p.

t]m-en-kn-s\-bpw ho-c--s\-bpwD--cn-v G-Xp ]-{X-m-c-\pw F-p-sa-gp-Xm-sa- ]-{X-m-n-S-bn-se X-am-i Fw B A-P-b te-J-\-n-eq-sS ho-pw Hm-an-n--Xv an-w.

Pn-lm-Zn tdm-an-tbm-am-sc C-Xn-\n-S-bn tIm--bw ]-{X- G-s-Sp-v hn-hm-Zw "-sse-hm-'n. {]-W-b-Zn-\w B-tLm-jn-v I--\n tS-tWm-h i-n-s-Sp-p- a-t\m-c-a-bpw aw-K-f-hp-sam-s Pn-lm-Zntdm-an-tbm-am-cp-sS a-Wn-b-d--Y-I ` m-h-\-bn sa-\-p. A-tm-gpw ]-t, tI-c-f-n-se H-cp t]m-

en-kv kv-t-j-\n-epw eu Pn-lm-tZmPn-lm-Zn tdm-an-tbm-am-tcm F-^v.-sF.-B-dn-tem tI-kv c-Pn--dp-I-fn-tem C-Sw t\-Sn-bn-cp-n-.

Xr-q-Wn-p-d t]m-en-kv kv-t-j-\n c-Pn-kv- sN--s- c-ptI-kp-I-fn-se ap-Iq Pm-aym-t]- ]-cn-K-Wn--sh-bm-Wv k-]v-Xw-_ 30\v s]m-Sp--s\ ssl-tm-S-Xn ap-dn-bn-epw ]n-o-Sv eu- Pn-lm-Zv,Pn-lm-Zn tdm-an-tbm Xp-S-n-b {]-tbm-K- ap-g-n-b-Xv.

kw-L-]-cn-hm-cw {]-tbm-Kn- A-]-I-S-I-c-am-b hm-p-I tIm-S-XnA-tX-]-Sn B-h-n--Xn am-{X-a- Zp-cq-l-X.

2006 ap-X kw-m-\-v eu -Pn-lm-Zv kw-L-S-\ {]-h-n-p-p-sh- _n.-sP.-]n ap-J-]-{X-n-s B-tcm-]-Ww t]m-epw tIm-S-XnA-t\z-j-W D--c-hn D-s-Sp-p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.

am-{X-hp-a-, -ap-kv-enw Xo-{h-hm-Z- B-tcm-]-W-n-\p tIm-p-Iq-

m kw-L-]-cn-hm-cw ]-Xn-hm-bn D-]-tbm-Kn-m-dp- I--t\m-v, a-b-p-a-cp-v, cm-Pym--c Xo-{h-hm-Z-_-w, hn-tZ-i ]-W-sam-gp-v Xp-S-n-b a-km-e-q-p-I tIm-S-Xn ]-cm-a-i--fn C-Sw t\-Sn-b-Xpw {i-t-b-am-Wv.

H-cp kp-{]nw-tIm-S-Xn P-Uv-Pn,Xm-Sn-h-bv-p--Xv Xm-en-_m-h--c-W-am-sW-p ]-d-v hn-hm-Zwkr-jv-Sn-n-cp-p. F-m, am-\y-\m-b B \ym-bm-[n-] X-s sX-p k--Xn-p-I-bpw X-s {]-tbm-K-n tJ-Zw {]-I-Sn-n-p-I-bpwsN-bv-Xp.

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/Description > /Namespace [ (Adobe) (Common) (1.0) ] /OtherNamespaces [ > /FormElements false /GenerateStructure true /IncludeBookmarks false /IncludeHyperlinks false /IncludeInteractive false /IncludeLayers false /IncludeProfiles true /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings /Namespace [ (Adobe) (CreativeSuite) (2.0) ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /NA /PreserveEditing true /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged /UntaggedRGBHandling /LeaveUntagged /UseDocumentBleed false >> ]>> setdistillerparams> setpagedevice