low chronology and greek protogeometric and geometric pottery in the southern levant (alexander...

9

LE VA NT 33 200 1 Pp. 117 -125 L ow C hr ono log y an d G re ek P ro to g eo m etric an d G eo m etr ic P ot tery in the So u th er n L ev an t A lexa nd er Fa ntalkin In st it ut e of Arc haeology) Tel Avi v Univers it y) Ramat Aviv) 69978 Tel Aviv) Israel e-mail: [email protected] Th e art icle d ea ls with the abs olu te ch ron olo gy of the Iro n Age in the So uth ern Le va nt an d the Ae gean wor ld. It fir st dis cus ses the chr ono log ical gap bet ween the conventio nal dat ing of Pro tog eometr ic pot ter y in Greece ~ and its appe ara nce in the Sout her n Leva nti ne ass emblag es. The que sti on the n ask ed is whet her the Low Chr ono logy recently propos ed by Finkelstein wil l fre e us fr om the di ffi cul tie s rai sed by the prev ail ing dat ing . A bri ef exa minati on sho ws tha t one ca nno t use the accep ted dating of Gree k Protog eometric and Geomet ric potte ry to su ppo rt the 'Fi nke lst ein correc tio n', but rat her his Low Chr onolog y pro vides, for the fir st time~ a bas is for the absolut e chr ono log y of t he Dar k Age in Greece . At the end the art icl e pr oposes a common denomi nat or to rec onc ile the dif fer ences of opi nio n between maj or chronological approaches. These may be explai ned by the diff ere nce s in the length of exis ten ce of the rel evant str ata . Introduction A recentl y pro pose d Low Chronolo gy fo r th e South ern Levant Dark A ge (F in kels te in 199 5; 19 96a ; 19 96b ; 19 98a ; 19 98b ; 19 99a ; 19 99b ) ev ok ed a storm y disc ussi on am ong Syro - Pale stinia n scho lars (M az ar 1997; Za rz ek i-Peleg 1997; Ben-Tor an d Ben -A mi 19 98 ; Ben -T or 20 00 ; N a'a man 20 00 ); aft er sev era l arc ha eo log ica l co ng res ses , th e dis cu s- si on is far fro m en di ng . Su ch a react io n seems pr e- dic tab le, as the ne w da tin g! cal ls for are -ev alu ati on of th e ge ne ral hi st or ical pi ct ur e, in order to ex plain the proc esses in the reg ion be twee n the ear ly- twelf th centu ry (t he batt le s of Ramses II I wit h the Sea P eo pl es ) an d th e la te -e ig ht h ce nt ur y (th e A ss yr ia n cam paig ns to Palestin e). Among su ggest ed so lu ti ons to so me th orn y ch ron olo gi cal pro ble ms rai sed by th e pre va ilin g da t- in g, Fin ke ls te in (199 9b , 39) co ns id er s th at his Low Ch ron olo gy " ...clos es the one centu ry ga p betw een th e da ti ng of the Lat e Pro to ge omet ri c potter y in Gr ee ce (in t he 10 th cen tu ry , not on ly acc or di ng to Lev an tine sy nc hr on isms) an d its ap pe aran ce in the Lev an t in str at a usua lly da te d to the 11th ce nt ur y BeE . " This articl e attempt s to examine whet her Fi nk el st ei n' s Lo w Chr on ol og y ca n be re co nc ile d wit h th e acce pt ed Greek Ir on Age ch ro nol og y in or der to see whet her Greek Pro to geo met ric an d 117 Ge om etri c po tte ry fro m the Sou the rn Le va nt ca n be us ed for or ag ain st Fin ke lste in's da tin g. Le va ntin e so urc es of the abso lute ch ron olo gy of th e G re ek Iro n A ge an d th eir pr ob lem s Si nc e no ch ro nol og ic al an ch or has bee n fo und in Gr eece itse lf to tie some his tor ica l ev en t to archa eo - lo gi ca l fin ds fro m th e Iro n A ge , sc ho la rs ha ve be en ob lig ed to reso rt to co mpa ra tive mat er ia l fro m th e Ea st. As in th e So uth ern Le va nt in Iron Age I-II it is no t po ss ib le us in g ex tra -b ib lic al so ur ces to br id ge the chronolog ical gap be twee n the reign of R am esses III an d the A ssy ria n cam pa ign s, in Prot og eo me tric an d Geom etr ic Gr eec e the re is n o saf e chro no log ical an ch or be tw ee n th e Lat e Hel la di c per io d an d th e arc ha ic co lon iza tio n of Ita ly and Sic ily (Sno dgras s 19 91 ). In orde r to brid ge thi s ga p of so me 50 0 ye ars , Sout hern Levant ine sit es in which Greek Pr oto ge om etr ic an d Ge om etr ic po tte ry wa s disc ov- er ed ha ve bee n used fo r di sc us sion by classica l scholars. The earl y Gre ek pott ery fo und at a number of sit es in the Sou the rn Le va nt ha s be en rec en tly sum- ma rize d by W ald ba um (19 94 ). Alth ou gh pro vid ing impo rta nt da ta fro m bo th ne w an d old ex cav ati on s, th is st ud y do es no t at te mpt to de al wi th pr ob le ms arisi ng from the accepted Greek Iron Age

Upload: alexander-fantalkin

Post on 10-Apr-2018

221 views

Category:

Documents

0 download

Report

Download

Embed Size (px):

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 19

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 29

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 39

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 49

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 59

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 69

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 79

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 89

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 99

Page 2: Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 29

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 39

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 49

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 59

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 69

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 79

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 89

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 99

Page 3: Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 39

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 49

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 59

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 69

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 79

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 89

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 99

Page 4: Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 49

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 59

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 69

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 79

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 89

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 99

Page 5: Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 59

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 69

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 79

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 89

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 99

Page 6: Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 69

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 79

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 89

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 99

Page 7: Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 79

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 89

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 99

Page 8: Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 89

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 99

Page 9: Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

882019 Low Chronology and Greek Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery in the Southern Levant (Alexander Fantalkin)

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulllow-chronology-and-greek-protogeometric-and-geometric-pottery-in-the-southern 99

Levant legal presentation final

RSG Levant Special

The Levant Basin Offshore Israel

Higher-orderslidingmodes,diﬀerentiationandoutput ...levant/ijc_hosm_2003.pdf · Higher-orderslidingmodes,diﬀerentiationandoutput-feedbackcontrol ARIE LEVANT{Beingamotiononadiscontinuitysetofadynamicsystem

Communicate Levant | July 2011

Levant Oscar - Sonatina

Levant Company: Admissions of Freemen and Grants of ...levantineheritage.com/pdf/Levant-Co-Members-1695... · Levant Company: Admissions of Freemen and Grants of Liberty of Trade,

Vlami, Levant Company in Thessaloniki

The Levant 1996-2001

Vacan Ipr y Levant

Levant Dalian DFR lecture presented - TAUlevant/Levant-Dalian_DFR_lecture... · 2018. 10. 30. · Levant 1998(1st order), 2003(any order) Sliding-mode (SM) based homogeneous differentiator

CC Levant North Africa

Fantalkin & Tal_Reassessing the Chronology of the Grey Series Amphorae From Lesbos

Voyageur Du Levant

PRÉHISTOIRE DU LEVANT

Levant Amien To

Larmandier Bernier VV du Levant 2008 Technical Sheetvalkyrieselections.com/webmedia/Larmandier Bernier VV du Levant... · VIEILLE VIGNE DU LEVANT 2008 CHAMPAGNE LARMANDIER-BERNIER

Communicate Levant: Hush-tagging

Levant Red Apoyo

Vigna v. Levant (2010)

THE LATE HELLADIC III C – PROTOGEOMETRIC TRANSITION AT ... · THE LATE HELLADIC III C – PROTOGEOMETRIC TRANSITION AT MITROU, EAST LOKRIS∗ The site of Mitrou is a small tidal

Macrophotographie Venant Du Soleil Levant

LEVANT - Microsoftprppublicstore.blob.core.windows.net/.../1027/pdf/levant_brochure..pdf · levant umgeni_park_ disclaimer: drawings, architectural impressions and any information

FANTALKIN, TAL - The Canonization Pentateuch ZAW.124.1-2 (2012)

Communicate Levant | Nov 2010

Levant Nouvelles (No45)

Beth Levant, Ph.D., M.P.A.wichita.kumc.edu/Documents/pharmacology/faculty/levant...Beth Levant, Ph.D., M.P.A. Work Address: Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics

THE LATE HELLADIC III C – PROTOGEOMETRIC TRANSITION AT MITROU, EAST LOKRIS · 2018. 9. 12. · THE LATE HELLADIC III C – PROTOGEOMETRIC TRANSITION AT MITROU, EAST LOKRIS∗ The

Levant Web TV Guide

Finkelstein and Fantalkin 2012 - Qeiyafa

Communicate Levant | June 2011

MARINE LEVANT - ACORAM

Identity in the Making: Greeks in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Iron Age (Alexander Fantalkin)