low impact development center 2007 innovative lid programs that protect resources and enhance...

Low Impact Development Center 2007

Innovative LID Innovative LID Programs that Programs that

Protect Protect Resources and Resources and

Enhance Enhance Infrastructure.Infrastructure.

Lincoln Mercury Headquarters Green Roof, Irvine, CA. Photo courtesy of Roofscapes, Inc.


LEED™, SPIRIT, Green LEED™, SPIRIT, Green Globes™, Sustainable Sites, Globes™, Sustainable Sites,

Rating ProgramsRating Programs Point not performance systemsPoint not performance systems Not “regional or local” one size fits Not “regional or local” one size fits

allall No Optimization No Optimization Not targeted at water qualityNot targeted at water quality Can achieve certification without Can achieve certification without

necessarily addressing waternecessarily addressing water


Chicago, IllinoisChicago, Illinois More than 80 green roofs

totaling over 1 million square feet. Another 1 – 2 million square feet planned.

A 2003 study found green roof runoff volume was less than half that of conventional roofs.

Subsidized rain barrel program used to reduce basement flooding and CSO volume.

Downspout disconnection projected to reduce CSO peak flow in target area by 20%.

Chicago City Hall Green Roof. Photo courtesy of Roofscapes, Inc.


Portland, OregonPortland, Oregon

City code requires on-site stormwater management for new and re-development.

Subsidized downspout disconnection program. 45,000 participating

households. Infiltrates 1 billion

gallons of rainwater annually.

Vegetated Planter at Portland State University. Photo courtesy

of Martina Keefe.


Portland, Oregon (cont.)Portland, Oregon (cont.)

Vegetated Curb Extensions Flow testing

demonstrated 88% reduction in peak flow and 85% reduction in CSS inflow for 25-year storm event.

Sufficient to protect local basements from flooding.

Project cost $15,000 and required two weeks to install.

Vegetated Curb Extensions. Photo courtesy of the Portland Bureau of

Environmental Services.



Permeable Paver Blocks Used in a similar

manner to curb extensions to manage street runoff.

Allow hardscape function to be retained.

Have virtually eliminated runoff from the street.

Permeable paver block installation.



Green Roofs Zoning bonus allows

additional building square footage for buildings with a green roof.

Two years of monitoring demonstrated that 58% of rainfall was retained.

Nearly 100% retention of warm season rainfall.

Hamilton Apartments Ecoroof. Photo courtesy of the Portland Bureau of Environmental

Services.


Seattle, WashingtonSeattle, WashingtonNatural Drainage SystemsNatural Drainage Systems

Bioretention Swales Stormwater source

control. Monitoring has

demonstrated 99% reduction in stormwater runoff.

No measured runoff since December 2002.

2nd Avenue SEA Street. Photo courtesy of Seattle Public Utilities.


Seattle, WashingtonSeattle, WashingtonNatural Drainage Systems (cont.)Natural Drainage Systems (cont.)

Cascade Channels End-of-Pipe Control Monitoring demonstrates

75% reduction in stormwater runoff volume and 60% reduction in peak flow.

Modeling estimates that cascade system retains three times as much stormwater and held stormwater 2.5 times longer than original drainage ditch.

Cascade Drainage System. Photo courtesy of Seattle Public

Utilities.


Seattle, WashingtonSeattle, WashingtonKing Street CenterKing Street Center

Rainwater Harvesting Over 16,000 gallons

of storage at 327,000 ft2 King Street Center used for toilets and irrigation. Provides 60% (1.4 million gallons) of toilet flushing water annually.

King Street Center.


Seattle Green FactorSeattle Green Factor

Requires 30% of a parcel in the Neighborhood Requires 30% of a parcel in the Neighborhood Commercial Zone to be vegetated or the Commercial Zone to be vegetated or the functional equivalent as determined by the Green functional equivalent as determined by the Green Factor.Factor.

For example, the Green Factor for green roofs is For example, the Green Factor for green roofs is 0.7, permeable paving is 0.6, and lawn is 0.2. 0.7, permeable paving is 0.6, and lawn is 0.2. Bonuses provided for rainwater harvesting or Bonuses provided for rainwater harvesting or planting low water-use vegetation.planting low water-use vegetation.

Encourages the planting of layers of vegetation on Encourages the planting of layers of vegetation on the property and in public right-of-ways adjacent the property and in public right-of-ways adjacent to the property.to the property.

In effect as of January 2007.In effect as of January 2007.


Toronto, OntarioToronto, Ontario Adopted a wet weather

plan with four main principles: Rain and snow are a

resource. Manage stormwater on

watershed basis. Hierarchy of management:

source control, conveyance, and finally end-of-pipe.

Educate & involve the public.

City provides free downspout disconnection.

Committed over $100 million for stream restoration efforts include rehabilitating wetlands and vegetated areas.

Chester Springs Marsh. Source: City of Toronto, www.toronto.ca.


Toronto, Ontario (cont.)Toronto, Ontario (cont.)

More than 100 green roofs have been installed in the city, which reduce roof runoff by more than 50%.

Ryerson University study modeled impacts of installing green roofs on all city roofs >3,750 ft2. Would result in 12,000

acres of green roofs – 8% of total city land area.

Estimated nearly $270 million in municipal capital cost savings and more than $30 million of annual savings.Source: Report on the Environmental Benefits and Costs

of Green Roof Technology for the City of Toronto


Vancouver, British ColumbiaVancouver, British Columbia

Uses naturalized streetscapes, infiltration bulges and Country Lanes to manage stormwater from roadways.

More than 30 green roofs installed in the city.

First SEA street design projected to reduce annual runoff 90%.

Country Lane. Photo courtesy of City of Vancouver Greenways Program.


Vancouver, British Columbia Vancouver, British Columbia (cont.)(cont.)

The city has integrated its LID program with its greenways program, which was designed to create green city corridors and improve pedestrian access and safety throughout the city.

Community groups donate time to maintain vegetated areas that manage stormwater

Greenway. Photo courtesy of City of Vancouver Greenways Program.


Battery Park City, New YorkBattery Park City, New YorkEnvironmental GuidelinesEnvironmental Guidelines

Stormwater Standards: Require that the first

2.4 inches of rainwater falling on all building roofs and setbacks be collected, treated, and stored on-site for reuse (i.e., cooling tower, irrigation, and building and sidewalk maintenance, and laundry).

The Solaire. The first green U.S. residential high rise.


Battery Park City, New YorkBattery Park City, New YorkEnvironmental Guidelines (cont.)Environmental Guidelines (cont.)

Heat Island and Landscaping:

Requires that 75% of all roof area, over conditioned space, not used for mechanical equipment or skylights be planted as a green roof garden and, except for private terraces, open to all residents.

Remaining roof areas to use light-colored/high-albedo materials with an SRI (solar reflectance index) of 78.

Street trees to be provided per Battery Park requirements.

Specify 100% of plantings to be certified native/ indigenous/ adapted and that require low amounts of water and are pest- and disease-resistant.

The Solaire green roof. Photo courtesy of Green Roofs for Healthy Cities.


Be it enacted by the General Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia: Assembly of Virginia:

1. That the Code of Virginia is 1. That the Code of Virginia is amended by adding a section amended by adding a section numbered numbered 10.1-1186.510.1-1186.5 as follows: as follows:

§ § 10.1-1186.510.1-1186.5. Creation of the Low . Creation of the Low Impact Development Assessment Impact Development Assessment Task Force.Task Force.


Maryland Bill 784


Washington, D.C. – Washington, D.C. – Casey Trees study Casey Trees study

(released in April 2007)(released in April 2007)

Photo courtesy of Casey Trees, Washington, D.C.

Green roofs of 103 million sq. ft., tree coverage of 57% of the city, and tree boxes of at least 6 X 20 ft. together would: Reduce annual CSO

discharges by more than 500 million gallons (22%) and the frequency of discharges 6.7%.

Reduce annual MS4 discharges by nearly 600 million gallons (6.6%).


Washington, DCWashington, DCAnacostia Waterfront Corp.Anacostia Waterfront Corp.

The AWC is a quasi-private public agency responsible The AWC is a quasi-private public agency responsible for coordinating the environmental restoration of the for coordinating the environmental restoration of the Anacostia River, the revitalization of the lands and Anacostia River, the revitalization of the lands and communities along the river, and public awareness communities along the river, and public awareness and environmental stewardship of the river.and environmental stewardship of the river.

The mission of the organization mandates The mission of the organization mandates simultaneously achieving social, economic, and simultaneously achieving social, economic, and environmental benchmarks. environmental benchmarks.


Anacostia Waterfront Corp. Anacostia Waterfront Corp. (cont.)(cont.)

In May 2006, the AWC board approved a In May 2006, the AWC board approved a resolution that requested the creation of resolution that requested the creation of comprehensive environmental standards that comprehensive environmental standards that would make the AWC a regional environmental would make the AWC a regional environmental leader.leader. The main environmental focus of the AWC, as The main environmental focus of the AWC, as

stipulated by enabling legislation, was the stipulated by enabling legislation, was the restoration of the Anacostia River.restoration of the Anacostia River.

While the District bears the consequences of While the District bears the consequences of the Anacostia’s pollution, it comprises only 4% the Anacostia’s pollution, it comprises only 4% of the River’s watershed. The remaining of the River’s watershed. The remaining portion of the watershed is in Maryland. This portion of the watershed is in Maryland. This generated a strong desire to lead by example generated a strong desire to lead by example to influence other jurisdictions. to influence other jurisdictions.



In June 2006, the In June 2006, the AWC convened an AWC convened an independent advisory independent advisory Environmental Environmental Standards Committee Standards Committee comprised of comprised of environmentalists, environmentalists, developers, lawyers, developers, lawyers, engineers, and policy engineers, and policy analysts to draft analysts to draft standards that would standards that would apply to each apply to each development project development project within AWC’s within AWC’s jurisdiction.jurisdiction.

Floating trash on the Anacostia River. Photo courtesy of

the Anacostia Watershed Society.



The comprehensive The comprehensive environmental standards environmental standards included provisions for:included provisions for: Integrated environmental Integrated environmental

designdesign StormwaterStormwater Green buildingGreen building Site planning and Site planning and

preservationpreservation While the Standards Committee While the Standards Committee

adopted LEED standards for adopted LEED standards for green building requirements, it green building requirements, it recognized the lack of attention recognized the lack of attention to progressive stormwater to progressive stormwater control within the LEED system.control within the LEED system.

Because stormwater runoff and Because stormwater runoff and CSO are leading sources of CSO are leading sources of pollution, the committee crafted pollution, the committee crafted its own innovative stormwater its own innovative stormwater guidelines. guidelines.

Fifty percent of the Brownhead Catfish in the River have cancerous tumors.


Urban Development

Potomac River

Anacostia River

Washington D.C.



Stormwater standard Stormwater standard requires on-site requires on-site retention of the first retention of the first inch of rainfall for new inch of rainfall for new development and re-development and re-development and water development and water quality treatment for up quality treatment for up to the two-year storm to the two-year storm volume.volume.

Option for offsets if on-Option for offsets if on-site control is not site control is not possible.possible.

Stated preference for Stated preference for vegetated controls.vegetated controls.

Award winning Barracks Row.



The draft standards won two The draft standards won two regional awards for environmental regional awards for environmental protection and innovation.protection and innovation.

Even before their approval, AWC Even before their approval, AWC used the standards framework in used the standards framework in negotiations with developers. negotiations with developers.

Adopted by the Board on June 1Adopted by the Board on June 1stst..


Current EffortsCurrent Efforts

SPU conducting rainwater harvesting study to SPU conducting rainwater harvesting study to determine cost effectiveness of on-site cisterns determine cost effectiveness of on-site cisterns for rainwater collection and detention in CSS for rainwater collection and detention in CSS areas.areas.

SPU to conduct a stormwater flow reduction and SPU to conduct a stormwater flow reduction and demand management study in CSO basins to demand management study in CSO basins to evaluate green strategies, environmental & cost evaluate green strategies, environmental & cost effectiveness, and ancillary benefits.effectiveness, and ancillary benefits.

Portland conducting feasibility study evaluating Portland conducting feasibility study evaluating green infrastructure controls throughout CSO green infrastructure controls throughout CSO basins.basins.

WERF study evaluating implementation and WERF study evaluating implementation and financing strategies for green controls.financing strategies for green controls.

low impact development center 2007 innovative lid programs that protect resources and enhance...

Documents

street runoff

photo courtesy of roofscapes

green roof runoff volume

stormwater runoff volume

ft2 king street center

green globes

oregon cont

measured runoff