Low Incidence

Caitlin Etherton

Disabilities• http://www.youtube.com/wa

tch?v=uhKMouRaWcY

DefinitionDefinition from IDEA 2004

The term ‘low incidence disability' means-- (A) a visual or hearing impairment, or

simultaneous visual and hearing impairments; (B) a significant cognitive impairment; or (C) any impairment for which a small number of

personnel with highly specialized skills and knowledge are needed in order for children with that impairment to receive early intervention services or a free appropriate public education.

Overview• Vision Impairments• Hearing Impairments• Serious Physical

Impairment• Complex Heath Issues• Significant developmental

delay• Autistic Spectrum Disorders• Emotional disorders

PrevelanceType of Disability 2006-2007All disabilities 13.6%

Mental retardation 1.1%Emotional disturbance 0.9%Hearing impairments 0.2%Orthopedic impairments 0.1%Other health impairments1 1.2%Visual impairments 0.1%Multiple disabilities 0.3%Deaf-blindness #Autism 0.5%Traumatic brain injury 0.1%Developmental delay 0.7

Vision Impairments• http://www.youtube.com/wa

tch?v=v9CawJSUy2c

Vision Impairments• Vision Impairments

“Visual impairment including blindness means an impairment in vision that, even with correction, adversely affects a child’s educational performance. The term includes both partial sight and blindness.”

IDEA 2007

Vision Impairments• Etiology

– Cataract– Uncorrected

refractive errors– Glaucoma– Age related

macular degeneration

– Diseases– Diabetes– Vitamin A

deficiency

• http://www.lighthouse.org/medical/eye-disorders/

Vision Impairments• Diagnosis

– Ophthalmologist• Visual acuity

test• Visual field test• Tonometry test

• Treatment– Corrective lens– Surgery– Seeing eye dog/

braille

Lighthouse.org

Vision ImpairmentsTeachers can better help by:• Providing special materials like large-print

books, software that converts printed material into speech or Braille, special calculators, three-dimensional charts/maps/models

• Consistency in room arrangement• Buddy system for fire drills and other

emergenciesWoolfolk, A. (2007)

Hearing Impairments• “Deafness means a hearing

impairment that is so sever that a child is impaired in processing linguistic information through hearing, with or without amplification, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.”

• “Hearing impairment means an impairment in hearing, whether permanent or fluctuating, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance but that is not included under the definition of deafness.” IDEA 2007

Hearing Impairments• Diagnosis

– Audiologist• Tests inner ear

• Be cognizant if you feel people are mumbling or not speaking loud enough

• Treatment– Removal of wax– Surgery on

eardrum– Hearing aids

• Cochlear implants for sever cases

– American Sign Language

Kidshealth.org

Hearing Impairments– Signs to look for are turning one ear towards

speaker, seeming distracted/confused, mispronouncing words, reluctant to participate.

– Oral Approach vs. Manual Approach• Oral: speech reading aka lip reading• Manual: sign language and finger spelling• Best to use combination

Woolfolk,A. (2007)

Significant Developmental Delays

According to IDEA 2007,“ Mental retardation means significantly

sub-average general intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.”

Complex Heath IssuesAccording to IDEA 2007,“Orthopedic impairment

means a sever orthopedic impairment that adversely affects a child’s educational performance. The term includes impairments caused by congenital anomaly, impairments caused by disease, and impairments from other causes.”

Sarah• Sarah is a three-year-old child. She can

speak well, sing a song, draw a picture of a cat, and eat by herself. But she cannot yet walk, and moves around the house crawling. Her parents report that she was slow in holding her head up and sitting, compared to their other children. Her lower limbs are stiff and cross over like scissors when she lies down.

• What is Sarah diagnosed with? World Health Organization

                               

Complex Heath Issues• DiagnosisCerebral Palsy:

– Test motor skills– Look for abnormal

muscle tone– CT,MRI

Spina Bifida:– Prenatal – Alpha

Fetoprotein Test– Postnatal-MRI

• Treatment– No cure; on going

surgeries– Medication– Physical, speech,

sensory therapy– Surgery, drug

therapy– Braces, crutches,

wheelchairs

Ucsfchildrenhospital.org

Autism Spectrum Disorders

IDEA 2007“A developmental disability significantly affecting verbal

and nonverbal communication and social interaction, generally evident before age 3, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance. Other characteristics often associated with autism are engagement in repetitive activities and stereotyped movements, resistance to environmental change or change in daily routines, and unusual responses to sensory experiences. The term does not apply if a child’s educational performance is adversely affected primarily because the child has an emotional disturbance, as defined in paragraph (b)(4) of this section. “

Autism Spectrum Disorders

• Asperger Syndrome: comparable to Autism but without severe language deficits

If you want to learn more about Asperger’s:• Read Born on a Blue Day by Daniel Tammet

– Daniel Tammet at Late Show with David Letterman (27.04.2005) – Video

Transition into Adulthood

• Generally with Vision, Hearing, and Physical Impairments; Developmental Delays; and other Complex Health Issues it all depends on how severe and how the child is able to cope, communicate, and be independent.

Recourses• Centers for disease Control and Prevention. (2009). What is traumatic brain injury?. Retrieved

October 27, 2009 from http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/tbi/TBI.htm• Epilepsy foundation. (2009). Understanding epilepsy. Retrieved October 27, 2009 from

http://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/about/types/causes/index.cfm• Fighting Autism. (2009). Home page. Retrieved October 22, 2009 from

http://www.fightingautism.org/idea/autism.php?s=FL• Jackson, R. (2005). Curriculum access for students with low-incidence disabilities: the promise of

universal design for learning. Wakefield, MA: National Center on Accessing the General Curriculum. Retrieved from http://www.cast.org/publications/ncac/ncac_lowinc.html

• Lighthouse International. (2009). Eye disorders. Retrieved October 27, 2009 from http://www.lighthouse.org/medical/eye-disorders/

• Morlet, Thierry. (2009). Hearing impairments. Retrieved October 27, 2009 from http://kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions/sight/hearing_impairment.html#

• University of California San Francisco Children’s Hospital. (2009). Spina bifida diagnosis. Retrieved October 27, 2009 from http://www.ucsfchildrenshospital.org/conditions/spina_bifida/diagnosis.html

• U.S. Department of Education. (2009). Building the legacy: IDEA 2004. retrieved October 22, 2009 from http://idea.ed.gov/explore/view/p/,root,statute,I,D,662,

• Woolfolk, A. (2007). Educational psychology. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc.• World Health Organization. (2009). Epilepsy. retrieved October 27, 2009 from http

://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs999/en/index.html• Word search generator for assessment came from : http://tools.atozteacherstuff.com/word-search-

maker/wordsearch.php

ASSESSMENT1. Circle/write down 9 words found in the

word search. (no word bank so you have to know low-incidence related topics to find the words; all are from this presentation though)

• Can scan to turn it, or just type up the 9 words found in the word search to submit.

• Word search will be on wiki spaces.• HAVE A WONDERFUL HALLOWEEN!