LOW-LAND HYDROPOWER – Theory and PraxisSeptember 20th 2018

Program

Time Duration Title Speaker8:45‐9:00 15’ Registration

9:00‐9:40 40’Low‐land river hydropower: state of the art and NL example

Miroslav Marence (IHE Delft)

9:40‐10:00 20’Example kinetic hydropower: EQA‐River

Dennis de Ruiter (EQA Projects)

10:00‐10:20 20’Identification and assessment of hydropower potential in Sierra Leone

Herman Mondeel (Witteveen&Bos)

10:20‐10:40 20’Flexible operation of low‐land hydropower

Jorn Baayen (KISTERS and Deltares)

10:40:11:10 30’ Break

11:10‐11:50 40’Wave and tide hydropower: frontiers and knowledge gaps

Peter Scheijgrond (Dutch Marine Energy)

11:50‐12:10 20’WaveSAX, an innovative wave energy generator

Maximo Peviani (RSE –Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico)

12:10‐12:30 20’Learning from the first deployments of tidal stream turbines

Merel Verbeek (TU Delft)

12:30‐13:30 1 hour lunch

13:30‐18:00Site visit4.5 hours

13:30 departure Delft IHE => 15:00 arrival Sint‐Michielsgestel30 minutes visit Low‐head Dommel plant15:30 departure => 16:00 arrival Zaltbommel30 minutes visit EQA‐River plant 16:30 departure => stop train station Zaltbommel => 18:00 arrival Delft

• River hydropower – potential and kinetic energy of rivers• Costal hydropower – wave, current, tidal energy

Content

LOW-LAND RIVER HYDROPOWERMiroslav Marence

Hydropower ...

• is renewable source• technologies are innovative and tailor-made system solutions• means long-term investment• creates additional economic value• is most efficient energy generation technology• is reliable and sustainable energy source that tackle climate change

DNV-GL: Energy Transition Outlook 2017

Hydropower ...

• is a heart of renewable family• has low levelised cost of electricity (LCOE)• has low life-cycle emission intensity• ….

Levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) Life-cycle emission intensity by technologies

Hydropower facts - Global

• Global hydropower installed capacity 1,267 GW• Estimated electricity generated from hydropower 4,185 TWh

Hydropower facts – The Netherlands

• Hydropower has insignificant role• Total installed hydropower capacity 38 MW

– Alphen - 14 MW– Linnen - 11 MW– Amerongen (Maurik) - 10 MW– Hagestein – 1.8 MW– Roermond - 0.2 MW– Gramsbergen – 0.1 MW

Installed electricity capacity in the Netherlands (MW)

Small hydropower capacity in the Netherlands (MW) http://www.smallhydroworld.org/

• Energy is capability of doing work, expressed in kilowatt-hours (kWh). Output of the hydroelectric power plant – electrical energy.

• Power is a rate of energy produced or used, expressed in kilowatts (KW)

• Potential power:∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ 8 ∗ H ∗ Q

• Kinetic power

∗ ∗ ∗ …… ∗ , )

Power and Energy

How hydropower works

How hydropower works?

Head as a problem in Netherlands

How hydropower works

Kinetic hydropower

Low head turbines – Very low head (VLH) turbine

Units for head of 1.8 - 3.5 m.Characteristics:• Standardized 8 blades Kaplan turbine• Self-supporting structure• Slow direct-drive variable-speed permanent-

magnet generator• Runner blades can be watertight closed• Distributor used as a protection grid• Embarked rotating trash rake cleaner

(1),(2) steel frame structure,

(3) turbine hub with 8 turbine blades (4)

(5) generator and (6) rotating bar

screen cleaner

Low head turbines – Roth turbine

Low head turbines – Dive turbine

• Francis or Kaplan turbine without wicket gates and spiral case• Efficiency ~75%• Simple turbine structure, less civil work

Low head turbines – Archimedes screw

• Developed by Archimedes ( 287-212 BC) device with a revolving screw-shaped blade inside a cylinder and used as a pump.

• Today still often used as a pump or also for reclaiming land from under sea level

Low head turbines – Archimedes screw

• The screw is highly efficient for low head sites, harnessing up to 87% of the energy captured from the turning motion.

• Suitable sites range from a one meter up to ten meter heads, and can handle flow rate between 0.1m3/s up to 15m3/s per screw. For low head the Hydro Screw is one of the most efficient sources of hydropower.

Low head turbines – Archimedes screw

Low head turbines – Steff turbine

The key component of the Steffturbine is the circulating chain, running around two sprockets. Corrosion-resistant steel paddles fixed to the chain transmit the hydropower to an integral, permanent-magnet generator.

Low head turbines – The Netherlands

Low head turbines – The Netherlands

Low head turbines – The Netherlands

Alternative hydropower solution

European hydropower potential (large scale) almost depleted, possibilities:– Small hydropower sector– Rehabilitation, life extension, upgrading, optimization

Restrains– Environmental constrains– Energy price

Alternative hydropower concept – hydropower as an additional function of existing hydro-technical infrastructure

– Attractive and lucrative– Not hindering or endanger main structure function– Allows additional energy generation

Alternative hydropower solution

Installation of small hydropower plants in the existing water infrastructure where electricity generation is not a primary priority - multipurpose schemes Identification of non-traditional solutions = hidden treasury

Alternative hydropower solutionMJ2 Technologies Sarl

SHPP Sint-Micheilgestel – Dommel river

• Weir structure on Dommel river (North Brabant)• Constructed 1970• 3 field weir with more than 30 m³/s• Water management system (water level regulation)• Fish passage (2006) with 1.6 m³/s• Run-of-river system (design discharge 10 m³/s)• Head 1.0-1.8 m• Screw turbine selected

SHPP Sint-Micheilgestel – Dommel river

Site Report

SHPP Sint-Micheilgestel – Dommel river

• Connected directly on local grid• Installation in the middle field of the weir increased costs but was requested by Waterboard• The first private project in NL with license on existing river structure• Financing model with crowd founding (75%) with almost 500 participants• On grid from October 2016• Output 150 kW, 500-900 MWh

IHE Delft Institute for Water Educationwww.un-ihe.org