lower limb fractures types
DESCRIPTION
Lower limb fractures types. Fractures Of The Femoral Neck ( Intra-Capsular). Clinically the patient complains of pain in the hip and the limb may be shortened and externally rotated. . Gardens Classification: grade1: incomplete impacted fracture of the femoral neck. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Lower limb fractures types
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Fractures Of The Femoral Neck (Intra-Capsular)• Gardens Classification: • grade1: incomplete impacted fracture of the femoral neck. • grade 2: complete undisplaced fracture. • grade 3: complete fracture with moderate displacement. • grade 4: severely displaced fracture. • 1+2 – AO screws 3+4 - hemiarthroplasty
Clinically the patient complains of pain in the hip and the limb may be shortened and externally rotated.
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Femur – intertrochanteric (extracapsular)
• Less commonly associated with AVN• Mx – dynamic hip screw
Jensons
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Femoral Shaft fractures• Spiral – twisting w/ anchored foot• Transverse/oblique – direct
trauma• Communited/segmental
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Supracondylar fractures
• Transverse or communited
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Tibial plateau• Often from MVA, varus or valgus force• Type 1: Wedge fracture of lateral tibial plateau. Lag screws alone suffice for fixation • Type 2: lateral tibial wedge fracture with a associated depression. Fixation is with a buttress
plate and bone grafting. • Type 3: Depression of lateral.tibial plateau but no associated wedge fracture • Type 4: Medial tibial plateau fracture • Type 5: bicondylar fracture of both plateau.• Type 6: The hallmark of this fracture is the separation of the metaphysis and the diaphysis
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Patella fractures
• Direct/indirect trauma to knee• Most commonly transverse #, rarely vertical• Displaced fracture of patella treated with
circalage wire and screws
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tibfib
• Fairly common cos tib is superficial, most common open fracture of longbone.
• Ring principle• Most often spiral fractures from rotational
force Weber Classification Weber A Fibula Fracture below syndesmosis
Weber B Fibula Fracture at syndesmosis, may tear ligament
Weber C Fibula Fracture, above syndesmosis, ligament tornUnstable
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Ankle• The ankle is usually injured by indirect forces with the foot either being externally rotated, inverted, everted or less commonly internally rotated on the tibia.
CLASSIFICATION
First degree: fracture of one malleolus, no talar shift with a stable ankle mortice. Second degree: bimalleolar fracture or a fracture of one malleolus with ligament tear leading to instability of the ankle. Third degree: trimalleolar fracture with instability in the mediolateral and anteroposterior direction. Fourth degree: supra-syndesmotic fracture of the fibula, possible tearing of the inferior tib- fibular ligament and diastasis. Fifth degree: vertical impaction fracture of the distal articular surface of the tibia.
bimalleolar