LPG Cylinder Regulation and Security System

ABSTRACT

In today’s world the LPG cylinder plays a vital role not only for domestic but also use in

industries, hospital, automobiles, educational sector (school and colleges using LPG cylinders for

laboratory purpose) and public sector.

It is panic that these cylinders get empty without any intimation. In these days where the

refilling is not an easy task, these cylinders get empty at unexpected situation.

Another major problem is the leakage of LPG which may to lead bursts resulting in

heavy loss of life and wealth. Hence the project outlays the protection systems from hazards due

to LPG leakage and fire, using special components like gas sensor and temperature sensor.

Each and every individual wants to be secured, Hence the security system has to be

managed in the kitchen and the entire place where LPG is used. Unfortunately none of existing

security systems have all the attributes i.e. leak detection, fire detection, weight detection along

with protection and alarm.

This project is aimed at providing indication of gas content remaining in the LPG

cylinder while it is in use so that it is helpful to the user to place the order for the new cylinder at

an appropriate time and cylinder refill alert message is sent to the users mobile numbers. The

security system incorporated consists of leak detection and fire detection unit along with alarm

unit. Further on detecting leak, the signal is transferred to GSM and the Microcontroller sends

signal to the solenoid valve to cut off the further gas supply. Simultaneous GSM switches off the

A.C mains of the kitchen and sends the alert message to the users mobile numbers and also

makes the alert calls to the users mobile numbers until they are attended at regular. In this way

“LPG cylinder regulation and security system” provides a complete security for LPG cylinder

users.

Introduction:

LPG is the abbreviation or short form for liquefied petroleum gas. Like all fules,fossile it is a

non-renewable energy source. It is extracted from crude oil and natural gas.The main

composition of LPG is hydrocarbons. The main components of the LPG are propane, butane.

As we all know the hazards due to LPG is increasing day by day. The hazards are such as

explosion, blast. The hazards may be due to gas leakage, fire occurance. We all know every

human being wants to be secured with these hazards. The life of an each individual is very

precious. So in order to avoid such hazards due to LPG leakage, fire occurring. Hence we need to

provide security system to the LPG.

Now a days the use of LPG or the requirement of LPG is increasing day by day. In every field

the use of LPG is there such as in vehicles, kitchen, hospital, industries etc. So the regulation of

LPG is essentially required. In order to regulate the LPG the wastage or leakage of LPG should

be reduced. If the leakage or wastage of LPG is increased, in future use we may not get it.

Hence the regulation of LPG is required.

Block Diagram of LPG Cylinder Regulation and security System

Leakage sensing unit: It is gas leakage sensing unit. The LPG sensors used are type MQ6

and are capable of detecting presence LPG gas in air. When gas leakage above the set values

(600 PPM) it gives signal to the microcontroller (MC).

Fire sensing unit: The temperature sensor used is a semiconductor type analogue

temperature sensor capable of sensing -55 to +150 degree centigrade’s and providing output in

analogue voltage form. The sensor type used is LM35. Whenever temperature rises above the

specified value this unit gives control signal to the MC. The set temperature for this project is 70

degree

Weight detecting unit: The load cell amplifier and AD convertor is used to measure LPG

cylinder weight with the LPG weight. This is used to provide user with an alert in case the LPG

Off signal

LPG Cylinder

Leakage sensing unit Fire sensing unit Weight detecting unit

Microcontroller

Solenoid valve Buzzer unit Display

AC mains offGSM

THEFT DETECTION UNIT

DOORS AND WINDOWS

level goes below the set level. When this situation occurs weight detecting unit gives signal to

MC.

Microcontroller: This is the controlling unit. It takes the signal from sensing and detecting

units and gives controlling signal to the solenoid valve, Buzzer unit, Display, GSM and AC

mains off circuit. And then following sequence of operation will take place.

i) Buzzer start beepingii) Closing of solenoid valveiii) Turns off the AC Mainsiv) Sends alerts to the user’s mobile number.

Solenoid valve: This unit consists of a Solenoid valve for controlling LPG supply to source.

When leakage detected solenoid valve receive signal from MC. When it receives the signal the

coil inside the valve get energies and attracts the knob. Like this valve get close and cut off

further gas supply to the burner. When amount of gas leakage and temperature comes below the

specified valve, the coil de-energies and releases the knob, and valve opens and then allows the

gas to burner

Buzzer unit: This unit has an audio annunciation unit generally called as Piezo buzzer which

beeps in case of LPG leakage or Fire alerts. It receives the signal from MC, when leakage or fire

detected.

Display: This consists of 16 characters and 2 lines type JHD162A Display. It continuously

displays the weight of the gas and status of the sensors. It also signal from MC.

AC mains off: When leakage or fire detected MC sends signal to AC mains off unit. This unit

has relay circuit for cut off the AC mains of the kitchen. when leakage or fire detected, It

receives signal from MC and relay coil get de-energies then opens the NO contacts. The AC

Mains of the kitchen is connected to NO hence it cut off automatically. When amount of gas

leakage and temperature comes below the specified valve, the coil energies and closes the NO

contacts hence AC Mains is get switch on automatically

GSM (Global system for mobile communication): This system receives the signal

from MC and sends information (alerts, status of the units) to the user’s mobile number.

Flow chart of the working of this system

YES

NO

YES

NO

YES

NO

At the begging MC checks LPG/Fire Alert. If it is yes then turn off the valve and AC Mains then sends the LPG/FIRE alert after GSM initialize. If it is not so gives command to the GSM initialize and then enables the valve. After that checks the level of the LPG. If it is below the specified value sends the LPG low Alert. If it is above the specified value checks the LPG/Fire Alert. Like this MC continuously checks the all conditions

START

TURN OFF LPG VALVE &MAINS SUPPLYLPG/FIRE ALERT?

SEND LPG/FIRE ALERT AFTER GSM INIT

ENABLE LPG VALVE

LPG LOW?SEND LPG

LOW ALERT

LPG/FIRE ALERT?

SEND LPG/FIRE ALERT

CHECK& PROCESS MESSAGE

Turn off LPG valve

INITIALIZE GSM MODEM

Result and Discussion:

i) If the load on the load cell is less than the set value of gas(minimum gas in Kg), then GSM sends refill alert message to the user’s mobile numbers. MC monitors continuously and displays the actual weight of the gas on the LCD.

ii) When the gas leak starts, gas sensor (MQ-6) output changes. Output depends upon the amount of gas leakage.

a) Buzzer starts beeping and the solenoid valve is closed and further gas supply to the burner is stopped. The closing of solenoid is indicated by LED

b) MC sets the signal at the input of encoder and transmits the signal by using RF signal. Receiver receives these signals and decoder decodes the signals. Decoder activates the relay (MCB) by using NAND gate and transistor and turns off the AC mains.

c) GSM sends the leakage alert (messages) to user’s mobile numbers.d) GSM Calls to the user’s mobile numbers. And calls continuously if the user

not attend the calliii) In case of Fire_ _ _ _ (Not only due to LPG but also due to other reasons)

When the temperature rise above the 70.c (It is the set value of temp .We can set it for any value in between 0 to 150.c because temp sensor (LM35) can sense up to150.c)

a) Buzzer starts beeping and the solenoid valve is closed and further gas supply to the burner is stopped.

b) MC set signal at the input of encoder and encoder transmits the single by using RF single. Receiver receives these signals and decoder decodes the signal. Decoder activates the relay(MCB) by using NAND gate and transistor and turns off the AC mains

c) GSM sends leakage alert (messages) to user’s mobile numbers.d) GSM calls to the user’s mobile numbers and calls continuously if the user not

attends the call.

FUTURE SCOPE

i) We can turn on the exhaust fan.

ii) Automatic opening and closing of widow.

CONCLUSION

In today’s world the LPG cylinder plays a vital role not only for domestic but also use in

industries, hospital, automobiles, educational sector (school and colleges using LPG cylinders for

laboratory purpose) and public sector , like this LPG cylinders become part and partial of

human’s life. As the popularity of the LPG cylinders increases, hazards due to LPG also

increase. There is no salutation for these hazards. And one more very important problem with

LPG is that get empty without giving any information to the users. So it is very essential to avoid

these problems. These problems are rectified by this project.