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Progress in Breeding of Progress in Breeding of Super Hybrid RiceSuper Hybrid Rice

L. P. YuanL. P. Yuan(China National Hybrid Rice R & D (China National Hybrid Rice R & D

Center)Center)

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Yield standard of the Super Rice in ChinaYield standard of the Super Rice in China

Phase

Hybrid Rice Yield increase

Early season indica

Single season rice

Late season indica

Present level 7.50 8.25 7.50 0

Phase Ⅰ 1996-2000 9.75 10.50 9.75 over 20%

Phase Ⅱ 2001-2005

11.25 12.00 11.25 over 40%* Tons/ha at 2 locations with 6.7 ha each in 2 consecutive years.

Super Rice Breeding Program

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Achievements and Achievements and ProgressProgress

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Several pioneer super hybrid rice Several pioneer super hybrid rice varieties had been developed by 2000, varieties had been developed by 2000, which met phasewhich met phaseⅠⅠyield standard.yield standard.

20 locations with 6.7 or 67 ha each, the 20 locations with 6.7 or 67 ha each, the average yield was above 10.5 t/ha in average yield was above 10.5 t/ha in 2000.2000.

The average yield was 9 t/ha in large The average yield was 9 t/ha in large scale commercial production (1.5 million scale commercial production (1.5 million ha) in 2003.ha) in 2003.

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P64S/9311

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P64S/9311

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P64S/E32 created a record yield of 17.1 t/ha in 1999

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• Good progress has been made in breeding phase

super hybrid riceⅡ

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P88S/0293: 12.3t/ha in an area of 8 ha(2002)

05/02/23 12Above 12t/ha at 4 locations in 2003

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A breakthrough has been achieved in breeding of

first cropping super hybrid rice

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HYS-1/F49

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Technical Approaches

A. Morphological improvementB. Raising heterosis levelC. By means of biotechnology

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A. Morphological Improvement

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IRRI’s New Plant Type

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Tall erect-leaf canopy

Lower panicle position

Bigger panicle size

Plant type of Super Hybrid Rice

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Height of canopy: 1.2 m above

Upper 3 leaves: long, erect, narrow, V-shape and thick

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IRRI’s New Plant Type Super Hybrid Rice Plant Type

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Long------to increase leaf area Erect------to intercept solar radiation from

both sides Narrow---to occupy less space, with higher

LAI V-shape--making leaf blade stiffer, so not

prone to droopy Thick-----with higher photosynthetic function

and not easy to senescent

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Lower panicle position

The tip of panicle is 60-70cm above the ground during

ripening stage

05/02/23 26Highly resistant to lodging

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Bigger Panicle Size

Grain weight/panicle: around 5 g

Number of panicles: around 300/m2

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Grain yield =HIBiomass

Nowadays the harvest index (HI) is much higher (above 0.5). Further lifting of rice yield ceiling should rely on increasing biomass because further improvement of HI is quite limited. From view point of morphology, to raise plant height is the effective and feasible way to increase biomass.

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But this approach will cause lodging. To

solve this problem, many breeders are trying to make the stem thicker and sturdier, which usually result in HI decrease. Therefore it is difficult to obtain super-high yield. The plant model of taller canopy which consists of leaves can combine the advantages of higher biomass, higher HI and higher resistant to lodging.

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B. Raising Heterosis Level

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indica/japonicaindica/javanica

japonica/javanicaindica/indica

japonica/japonica

Heterosis LevelHeterosis Level

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F1

♀ ♂

japonica indica

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桂花黄♀ F1南京 11号♂

japonica indica

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Heterosis in Different Rice Hybrids

40

60

80

100

I/J p I/jv Jp/J v I/I J p/Jp

Dry matter weight per plant (g)

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Heterosis in Different Rice Hybrids

180020002200240026002800300032003400

I/J p I/J v Jp/J v I/I J p/Jp

Spikelets / plant

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Heterosis in Different Rice Hybrids

20

40

60

80

100

I/J p I/J v Jp/J v I/I J p/Jp

Seed-setting rate

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Indica/Japonica F1

Filled seed

Empty seed

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Improvement of seed-set rate of indica/japonica hybrids

• Making use of Wc genes

• Selecting intermediate type

05/02/23 39Japonica Wc line F1 Indica S line

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C. By means of biotechnology

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I. Utilization of favorable genes from wild rice

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Two yield enhancing QTLs were identified

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430 g/100 panicles

J23A/Q-611:

580 g/100 panicles

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J23A/Q-611

05/02/23 46J23A/Q611

10 t/ha in farmer’s field as second cropping (2003)

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II. Using genomic DNA from barnyard grass to create new source of rice

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Total DNA of barnyard grass introduced into R207 by spike-stalk injection

Fragments of DNA from barnyard grass confirmed to have been introduced into R207 by molecular analysis

New elite R lines have been developed

Barnyard grass

Echinochloa crusgalli

05/02/23 49B. grass RB207 R207B. grass RB207 R207

05/02/23 50B. grass RB207 R207

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GDS/RB207R207 RB207

05/02/23 52RB207R207

GDS/RB207

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GDS/RB207-1

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GDS/RB207（ 2003）

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Prospects• By reaching the yield target of phase , Ⅱ

2.25 tons/ha more rice can be produced by super hybrid rice, which will increase 30 million tons of grains yearly when it is commercialized up to 13 m.ha.

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Prospects

• C4 genes from maize have been cloned and transferred into super hybrid rice. Based on this progress, the phase Ⅲ super hybrid rice breeding program is proposed, in which the yield target is 13.5 t/ha on a large scale by 2010.

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Chinese people not only can meet their food demand by themselves, but also can help other developing countries to solve food shortage problem.

Conclusion

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Waterfall Rice

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Thank you & &

GOOD LUCKGOOD LUCK