lrp2010 - wg5 fundamental interactions nathal severijns ( k.u.leuven) for wg5 town meeting madrid,...
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LRP2010 - WG5
Fundamental Interactions
Nathal Severijns (K.U.Leuven)
for WG5
Town MeetingMadrid, June 1 - 3, 2010
04/10/23 1WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, 2010
04/10/23 WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, 2010 2
WG5 members
R. Calabrese (Italy)G. Drexlin (Germany)D. Horvath (Hungary)K. Kirch (Switzerland)K. Pachucki (Poland)F. Piquemal (France)S. Schoenert (Germany)N. Severijns (Belgium)R. Timmermans (The Netherlands) C. Volpe (France)C. Weinheimer (Germany)O. Zimmer (France)
K. Jungmann (The Netherlands)E. Widmann (Austria)
thanks to colleagues who contributed as non-WG5 member
04/10/23WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting,
Madrid, May 31 - June 2, 20103
particles
interactio
nssymmetries
Key questions
- What are the properties of the neutrino?
- Which fundamental symmetries are conserved in nature?
- What is the origin of the matter dominance in the universe?
- Are there new sources of CP violation?
- What are the properties of antimatter?
- Are there other forces than the four known ones?
- Are there new particles and what is their role in the universe?
- What are the precise values of the fundamental constants?
04/10/23 4WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, 2010
3 Properties of known basic interactions - QED and fundamental constants (e.g. g-2, α, anti-H, H-like ions, … ) - QCD (exotic atoms) - Gravity (e.g. matter vs. antimatter behavior, … )
Key issues
04/10/23 5WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, 2010
1. Fundamental Fermions - Neutrino oscillations and the neutrino mixing matrix - Neutrino masses (direct measurements and double beta decay exps.) - Quark mixing matrix and unitarity - New (time reversal invariant) interactions in nuclear and muon β-decays
2. Discrete symmetries - Parity violation - Time reversal and CP violation in the quark sector (e.g. EDM’s) - CPT and Lorentz invariance
1. Fundamental Symmetries - Time reversal and CP violation - Parity non-conservation in atoms and ions - CPT conservation and Lorentz invariance
Future directions - overview
1. Support of small-sized laboratory and university groups
2. Neutrinos - Nature and mass of neutrinos - Neutrino mixing parameters and the CP violating phases
3. Electroweak interactions - Precision measurements in beta decay - Precise QED studies within the Standard Model
Recommendations - overview
04/10/23 6WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, 2010
2. Support for and from theory
3. Facilities
a. Time reversal and CP violation in the quark sector
a nonzero particle EDM violates P, T and, assuming CPT conservation, also CP
investigate different systems,providing complementaryinformation on different
sources of CP violation
some current EDM constraints :
e.g. permanent EDM‘smatter – anti-matter asymmetry
1. Fundamental symmetries
atoms: Hg, Xe, RnDiamagnetic
Paramagnetic
atoms: Tl, Cs, Fr
Molecules
PbO, YbF, TlF
lepton EDM
quark chromo!EDM
quark EDM
FUNDAMENTAL THEORY
atom
ic th
eory
nucl
ear t
heor
y
QCD
Nuclei
Neutrons
Leptons
Schiff Moment
04/10/23 7WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, 2010
- for p, d EDM exps. good prospects with ring
(e.g. plans for COSY)
- R- and D-corr. in decay(nTRV @ PSI)
APV is complementary to parity-violating electron scattering (APV in graph)
for determining effective weak couplings of quarks and search for new physics beyond SM
e.g. APV: test of the SM through measurements of the Weinberg angle
b. Parity non-conservation in atoms and ions
Future measurements:
- trapped atoms and ions with enhanced APV effect, in casu Fr, Ba+, Ra+
- measurements on series of isotopes
1. Fundamental symmetries
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Note: experiments at low energy very clean since radiative corrections are minimal
c. CPT conservation and Lorentz invariance
CPT: e.g. spectroscopy of - antiprotonic atoms (pbar-p, pbar-He) (AD-CERN) - antihydrogen (i.e. e+-pbar atom)
AD-CERN
1. Fundamental symmetries
close interaction with theorists is essential
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Lorentz violation: test frame dependence of observables
Need for future facilities: ELENA, FLAIR
2. Neutrino masses, oscillations and mixing matrix
Neutrino masses
04/10/23 10WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, 2010
needs: - enrichment of isotopes - experiments to support matrix elements calculations
- direct measurements: KATRIN spectrometer, sensitivity = 0.2 eV MARE calorimeters, phase-II sensit. = 0.2 eV
Dirac or Majorana particle ??
- 0 decay: CUORE (130Te), SuperNEMO (150Nd or 82Se), GERDA (76Ge): sensitivity ≈ 0.05 – 0.3 eV
hierarchy
2. Neutrino masses, oscillations and mixing matrix
Neutrino mixing matrix:
atmospheric reactor solar
123 123 12 (45 4) (33.7 1.(? 3) )
oscillation experiments (e.g. Double Chooz) determine size of 13
04/10/23 11WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, 2010
if 13 large search for CP violation in lepton sector (phase )
superbeams, neutrino factories, beta-beams (esp. if 13 < 0.02)
flavor eigenstates mass eigenstates
12
0.180.24
0.97425(22) 0.22534(93) 0.00393(36)
0.230(11) 1.04(6) 0.0412(11)
0.0081(6) 0.0387(23) 0.77
0.99995(61)
(masses, decays theory, …)
from K decays
Future: - improve precision (spectroscopy, mass measurements)
a. Precision measurements in decay
3. Electroweak interactions
strong limits on physics beyond Standard Modele.g. - scalar currents - right-handed crts.
A. CKM quark mixing matrix
- neutron lifetime issue !
- new transitions (e.g. superallowed, T = 1/2 mirror)
04/10/23 WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, 2010
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search for non-SM weak interactions: - S & T currents - new V, A interactions (e.g. V+A)
B. Correlation measurements in decay
- neutron decay
J
a, A, B, R, … correlations with aSPECT, PERKEO, nTRV, … reliable value for lifetime n needed !
An
PERKEO
n = 885.7(8) s
n = 878.5(8) s
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- higher yields (nuclei & UCN)
B. Correlation measurements in decay
- nuclear beta decay
a, A, … correlations
- needs for field
- polarized samples in traps ( tensor, right-handed currents, …)
- precise determination of nuclear polarization
- improved simulation codes
- long beam times
- particle traps (@ GANIL, ISOLDE, KVI, … )
- simulation codes
b. Precise QED studies within the SM
Accurate QED predictions required for
improved determinations of fundamental constants (e.g. α, me, …)
Precisions @ 10-13 level reached
3. Electroweak interactions
- g-2 measurements: electron α muon test standard model
04/10/23 15WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, 2010
- light hydrogenic ions, muonic & pionic hydrogen, …e.g. me from L/ c for C5+
- light few-body atoms: He, Li, pbar-He, …
- highly charged ionse.g. QED in strong E-fields, magnetic moments, …
- many-electron atoms theory: electron correlations, …
QCD
QCD and Gravitaiton
- pionic atoms (e.g. DIRAC exp, PSI)
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- kaonic atoms & kaonic nuclear bound states e.g. SIDDHARTA, AMADEUS, AD, FLAIR
- pbar-atoms (ELENA@AD, FLAIR)
- gravitational interaction of antimatter e.g. gravitational mass of anti-H with AEGIS@AD
- searches for non-Newtonian gravity e.g. test law of gravity at small distances (GRANIT, qBounce, ..)
Gravitation
1. Fundamental Symmetries - Time reversal and CP violation - Parity non-conservation in atoms and ions - CPT conservation and Lorentz invariance
Future directions - overview
1. Support of small-sized laboratory and university groups
2. Neutrinos - Nature and mass of neutrinos - Neutrino mixing parameters and the CP violating phases
3. Electroweak interactions - Precision measurements in beta decay - Precise QED studies within the Standard Model
Recommendations - overview
04/10/23 17WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, 2010
2. Support for and from theory
3. Facilities
• Support of small-sized laboratories and university groups
• Support for theory
• Facilities
1. for precise QED studies with low-energy antiprotonsELENA @ CERN, later FLAIR@GSI
2. underground laboratories (upgrades / new ones)
3. upgraded and new facilities
Recommendations - 1
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- training of young people
- development of new techniques
- detectors
- to improve/extend possibilities of traps
and from theory
• Support for and from theory
• Facilities1. for precise QED studies with low-energy antiprotons
2. underground laboratories
3. upgraded and new facilities (time-ordered approach)
4. regular access to beams & long continuous beam time periods:
nuclei: ISOL@MYRRHA
neutrons: high-intensity neutron sources
QED: sources of coherent short-wavelength e.m. radiation
Recommendations - 2
04/10/23 19WG5 - N. Severijns - Town Meeting, Madrid, May 31 - June 2, 2010
nuclei - HIE-ISOLDE
- SPIRAL2 (DESIR)
- EURISOL
neutrons - UCN source @ FRM-II
- European Spallation Source
anti-p - modules 4 & 5 of FAIR (for QED & antiproton research)
• Support of small-sized laboratories and university groups
Accelerator (600 MeV proton, 4 mA)
Lead-Bismuth coolant
Sub-critical reactor
ADS “Accelerator Driven System”
Neutron multiplier
Fastneutronsource
Waste transmutation
Material testing
others: RI, NTD-Si,...
Flexible irradiation facility
Spallation source
( proton neutron )
The MYRRHA concept (SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium)www.sckcen.be/myrrha/
http://www.sckcen.be/myrrha/
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Future directions
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Recommendations
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