LSC 314 Midterm Review

Basic Grammar

Red Flags signaling Passive Sentences

Was found to be….was thought to be…was given…was sought by…was influenced by….is being ____

Is (verb)_____by Is being_____ (verb) Was____ (verb) for

Passive Voice

The man is being sought by police for questioning

Object Verb Subject (Man) (is being sought) (Police)

Someone or something is being acted upon (red flag words: is being)

Active Voice

Police sought the man for questioning Subject Verb Object (Police) (sought) (man)

Someone acts; something is or does

Passive Voice

Einstein’s theories were heavily influenced by the natural world.

Object Verb Subject (theories) (were influenced) (nat. world)

Someone or something is being acted upon (red flag words: were influenced by)

Active Voice

The natural world heavily influenced Einstein’s theories.

Subject Verb Object (Nat. World) (influenced) (theories)

Someone acts; something is or does

Passive Voice

Mrs Smith has been asked by Democrats to run for Congress.

Object Verb Subject (Mrs. Smith) (been asked) (Democrats)

Someone or something is being acted upon (red flag words: been asked by)

Active Voice

The Democrats asked Mrs. Smith to run for Congress.

Subject Verb Object (Democrats) (asked) (Mrs. Smith)

Someone acts; something is or does

Singular Noun-Singular Verb

The UW Marching Band were at the game. (Incorrect)

The UW Marching Band is at the game.

(correct)

“Band” is singular; takes a singular verb

Singular Noun-Singular Verb

The Media is to blame for society’s violence. (incorrect)

The Media are to blame for society’s violence.

(correct)

“Media” is plural; takes a plural verb

(medium is the singular of media)

Singular Noun-Singular Verb

The group of farmers are planting hay. (incorrect)

The group of farmers is planting hay.

(correct)

“group” is singular; takes a singular verb

Pronouns

I, me, we (first person) You (second person) He, she, it (third person)

Pronouns: Which to use?

I or me? He or him? She or her?

She gave him and I a kiss. (incorrect) She gave him and me a kiss. (correct)

Break the sentence down: She gave me a kiss. She gave I a kiss…or…She gave him a kiss. She gave me a kiss)

Pronouns: Which to use?

I or me? He or him? She or her?

You and me had a really good time (incorrect) You and I had a really good time. (correct)

Break the sentence down: You had a good time. Me had a good time…or…You had a good time. I had a good time.

Writing Conversationally

The fire started when a main gas line to the building burst, according to the city’s fire marshal. (Say it out loud. Would you really say this?)

The city’s fire marshal says a ruptured gas main caused the fire.

The fire marshal knows the cause of the fire. He says it was a broken gas main.

Writing Conversationally

Lawyers for the death row inmate, who is scheduled to die next week in the state’s electric chair, have filed affidavits seeking a plea for a hearing on what they say is new evidence. (wrong)

A death row inmate may get a new trial. His lawyers made that request, claiming they have new evidence. The inmate is scheduled to die in the electric chair next week. (right)

Avoid clichés

Long ago and far away…hanging in the balance…between a rock and hard place…fickle-finger of fate…sands of time …brink of disaster…dark and stormy night …tall, dark, handsome stranger…the battles lines are drawn … the good die young…dirty, rotten scoundrels.

Interviewing

Pronounce and spell interviewee’s name at the beginning of the interview

Warm them up, get them comfortable Ask “Grand Tour” questions first LISTEN, then probe more deeply Watch for non-verbal cues, First-person to Second-

person shifts, active to passive shifts. Give them an opportunity to add more to the interview

(ie., “Is there anything I didn’t ask that you’d like to discuss?)

Camera Moves

Zoom (in-out using lens) Pan (left-right, camera moves horizontally) Tilt (camera moves up and down) Dolly or truck (in-out, left-right, up-down,

camera moves on a crane or boom) Cant (camera at oblique angle)

Phases of production

Preproduction Plan, research, pre-interview, script, gather

archival material, scout locations, develop a timeline, create a budget, beg for money, etc.

Production Light, shoot, pan & scan photos, compose music

Postproduction Edit, sweeten, market, distribute

Production jobs

Producer Videographer Reporter Sound recordist/audio engineer Music composer Talent

Chapter 3: Image Formation

NTSC: 30 frames per second 2 scanning fields:

Interlaced scanning scans every other line, then goes back and scans the lines that were skipped (ie. 1080i)

Progressive scanning scans every line (ie.780p)

•Analog = non-digital electrical copy

•Digital = discontinuous signal that samples a number of successive points. Binary digits or bits are 0 or 1.

Camera Parts Lens Viewfinder CCD (“charge-coupled

device”) for imaging Little chip that has

vertical and horizontal rows of millions of light-sensing pixels

Iris and Aperture

The lower the F Stop, the larger the aperture and the more light transmitted (low light needs low f stop)

The higher the F Stop, the smaller the aperture and the less light is transmitted (bright light needs high f stop)

Beam Splitter Divides light into red, green, blue

CCD converts light beams

to electric energy and creates video signal

Field of View Wide shots medium shots close-ups extreme close-ups

Defining the Z Axis (illusory screen depth)

Types of Light Directional Diffused

White Balance

• Daylight (blue)

• Incandescent (yellow)

• Florescent (green)

Indoor Three-point Lighting Key light Back light Fill light

Indoor Two-Point Lighting

–Key light (with blue filter!)–Window as Back light

Use: -barn doors - scrims - umbrellas - gels

to diffuse & soften light

W

Field Lighting

Overcast conditions are ideal

Bright light

use neutral density filter

use reflector to bounce light

Handheld lavalier boom fishpole wireless

–Omnidirectional

–Unidirectional

Mics

TypesDirection

Dynamic (rugged, less sensitive

Consenser (less rugged, more sensitive)

Ribbon (most sensitive)

MICS

Sensitivity

Films

Gasland Blind Side (ESPN E:60)