ltte news paper_136

8/18/2019 ltte news paper_136

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rh tNjrjjpd murpay

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itfhrp - Mdp> 2007

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05.07.2007md;W fUk;Gypfs; ehs; epfo;tpy; RlNww;Wk; jkpoPoj; Njrpaj; jiyth;

jk po Poj; Njrpaj; jiyth; NkjFNt.gpughfud; mth;fspd; rpe;jidapy; gpwe;jfUk;Gypg; Nghh;tbtk; ,d;W cyifNa tpaf;fitf;Fk; msTf;F tPuKk; - jpahfKk; - Neh; j; jpAk; epiwe; jjhfg; Nghw; wg;gLfpd; wJ.

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Nghh;tbtkhfNt fUk;Gyp eltbf;iffs; fhzg;gLfpd; wd.

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fUk;Gypfspd; tPur;nraw;ghLfSk; - mjpcr;r mh;g;gzpg;G czh;Tk; jkpoh;fsJ kdjpy;Mokhd jhf;fq;fis tpistpj;Js;sJ.

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jkpohpd; gilgyk; ,g;NghJ cah;epiyapy; cs;sJ. mJNghy kf;fspd; tpLjiygw; wpa ek;gpf;ifAk; cr;r epiyapy; cs;sJ.

fUk;Gypr;nraw;ghLfspd; ,UgJtUltuyhW jkpoh;fsplk; xU Njrpa vOr;rpia cj;Ntfg;gLj;jptUfpd;wJ. fUk;Gypfspd; tPukuGvkJ Gjpa re; jjpapdhplKk; GFe;J mth;fisAk;vopr;rpnfhs;sitg;gij ,d;W ehk; fhzKbAk;.

jkpoiu eRf;f tpUk;Gk; vtiuAk; fUk;Gypg;Nghh;tbtk; mr;RWj; jpf;nfhz;NlapUf;fpd; wJ.

jkpopdj; jpd; xU ghJfhg;Gf; ftrkhfNt fUk;Gypg;Nghh;tbtk; jpfo;fpd; wJ.

( 02Mk; gf;fk; ghh;f;f )

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Gypapd; jlj;jpy; ,d;W E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd fUk;Gypfs; rhjid gilj;Jj;

jkpohpd; tpLjiyg;Nghuhl;lj;ij cr;r epiyf;Ff; nfhz;L nrd;Ws;sdh;.

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2/160202020202 itfhrp - Mdp> 2007itfhrp - Mdp> 2007itfhrp - Mdp> 2007itfhrp - Mdp> 2007itfhrp - Mdp> 2007

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gLj;JtJ rpq;fs murpd; ,dthj kughFk;.gLj;JtJ rpq;fs murpd; ,dthj kughFk;.gLj;JtJ rpq;fs murpd; ,dthj kughFk;.gLj;JtJ rpq;fs murpd; ,dthj kughFk;.gLj;JtJ rpq;fs murpd; ,dthj kughFk;.

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tho; jkpoh;fspd; ntspNaw;wj;ijr; rpq;fs muR tpyf;fpf;tho; jkpoh;fspd; ntspNaw;wj;ijr; rpq;fs muR tpyf;fpf;tho; jkpoh;fspd; ntspNaw;wj;ijr; rpq;fs muR tpyf;fpf;tho; jkpoh;fspd; ntspNaw;wj;ijr; rpq;fs muR tpyf;fpf;tho; jkpoh;fspd; ntspNaw;wj;ijr; rpq;fs muR tpyf;fpf;

nfhz;lJ. MapDk; khw;Wtopfspy;> NjitNaw;gl;lhy; kPz;Lk;nfhz;lJ. MapDk; khw;Wtopfspy;> NjitNaw;gl;lhy; kPz;Lk;nfhz;lJ. MapDk; khw;Wtopfspy;> NjitNaw;gl;lhy; kPz;Lk;nfhz;lJ. MapDk; khw;Wtopfspy;> NjitNaw;gl;lhy; kPz;Lk;nfhz;lJ. MapDk; khw;Wtopfspy;> NjitNaw;gl;lhy; kPz;Lk;

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njhlh;r;rpahdJk; - F&ukhdJkhd jhf;Fjy;njhlh;r;rpahdJk; - F&ukhdJkhd jhf;Fjy;njhlh;r;rpahdJk; - F&ukhdJkhd jhf;Fjy;njhlh;r;rpahdJk; - F&ukhdJkhd jhf;Fjy;njhlh;r;rpahdJk; - F&ukhdJkhd jhf;Fjy;

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,Ue;JtUfpd;wJ.,Ue;JtUfpd;wJ.,Ue;JtUfpd;wJ.,Ue;JtUfpd;wJ.,Ue;JtUfpd;wJ.

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fspy; fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk; jkpopd mopg;Gfisr;fspy; fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk; jkpopd mopg;Gfisr;fspy; fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk; jkpopd mopg;Gfisr;fspy; fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk; jkpopd mopg;Gfisr;fspy; fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk; jkpopd mopg;Gfisr;

nra;Jte;jhh;fs;.nra;Jte;jhh;fs;.nra;Jte;jhh;fs;.nra;Jte;jhh;fs;.nra;Jte;jhh;fs;.

,g;NghJ “gaq;futhjj; jpw;F vjpuhd Nghh;”,g;NghJ “gaq;futhjj; jpw;F vjpuhd Nghh;”,g;NghJ “gaq;futhjj; jpw;F vjpuhd Nghh;”,g;NghJ “gaq;futhjj; jpw;F vjpuhd Nghh;”,g;NghJ “gaq;futhjj; jpw;F vjpuhd Nghh;”

vd; w Nghh;itapy; ,d mopg;Gr; nra;JtUfpd; wdh;.vd; w Nghh;itapy; ,d mopg;Gr; nra;JtUfpd; wdh;.vd; w Nghh;itapy; ,d mopg;Gr; nra;JtUfpd; wdh;.vd; w Nghh;itapy; ,d mopg;Gr; nra;JtUfpd; wdh;.vd; w Nghh;itapy; ,d mopg;Gr; nra;JtUfpd; wdh;.

Kd;dh;> tptrha mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fs;Kd;dh;> tptrha mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fs;Kd;dh;> tptrha mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fs;Kd;dh;> tptrha mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fs;Kd;dh;> tptrha mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fs;

vd;w ngah;fspy; jkpoh; epyj;ij mgfhpj;Jr;vd;w ngah;fspy; jkpoh; epyj;ij mgfhpj;Jr;vd;w ngah;fspy; jkpoh; epyj;ij mgfhpj;Jr;vd;w ngah;fspy; jkpoh; epyj;ij mgfhpj;Jr;vd;w ngah;fspy; jkpoh; epyj;ij mgfhpj;Jr;

rpq;fsth;fisf; Fbakh;j;jpdhh;fs;.rpq;fsth;fisf; Fbakh; j; jpdhh;fs;.rpq;fsth;fisf; Fbakh;j;jpdhh;fs;.rpq;fsth;fisf; Fbakh; j; jpdhh;fs;.rpq;fsth;fisf; Fbakh;j; jpdhh;fs;.

gpd;dh;> rpq;fsj; jpd; ,iwik kw;Wk; Njrpa ghJfhg;ngd;Wgpd;dh;> rpq;fsj; jpd; ,iwik kw;Wk; Njrpa ghJfhg;ngd;Wgpd;dh;> rpq;fsj; jpd; ,iwik kw;Wk; Njrpa ghJfhg;ngd;Wgpd;dh;> rpq;fsj; jpd; ,iwik kw;Wk; Njrpa ghJfhg;ngd;Wgpd;dh;> rpq;fsj; jpd; ,iwik kw;Wk; Njrpa ghJfhg;ngd;W

fhuzk; $wpf;nfhz;L jpl;lkpl;l rp;q;fsf; FbNaw; wq;fis jkpoh;fhuzk; $wpf;nfhz;L jpl;lkpl;l rp;q;fsf; FbNaw; wq;fis jkpoh;fhuzk; $wpf;nfhz;L jpl;lkpl;l rp;q;fsf; FbNaw; wq;fis jkpoh;fhuzk; $wpf;nfhz;L jpl;lkpl;l rp;q;fsf; FbNaw; wq;fis jkpoh;fhuzk; $wpf;nfhz;L jpl;lkpl;l rp;q;fsf; FbNaw; wq;fis jkpoh;

jhafg; gFjpfspy; mikj; jdh;. jhafg; gFjpfspy; mikj; jdh;. jhafg; gFjpfspy; mikj; jdh;. jhafg; gFjpfspy; mikj; jdh;. jhafg; gFjpfspy; mikj;jdh;.

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nghUshjhu tyaq;fs; vd;W $wpf;nfhz;L jkpo; kf;fisf;nghUshjhu tyaq;fs; vd;W $wpf;nfhz;L jkpo; kf;fisf;nghUshjhu tyaq;fs; vd;W $wpf;nfhz;L jkpo; kf;fisf;nghUshjhu tyaq;fs; vd;W $wpf;nfhz;L jkpo; kf;fisf;nghUshjhu tyaq;fs; vd;W $wpf;nfhz;L jkpo; kf;fisf;

FbnaOg;gpf; fiyj;J epyg;gwpg;igr; nra;a Kidfpd; wdh;.FbnaOg;gpf; fiyj;J epyg;gwpg;igr; nra;a Kidfpd;wdh;.FbnaOg;gpf; fiyj;J epyg;gwpg;igr; nra;a Kidfpd; wdh;.FbnaOg;gpf; fiyj;J epyg;gwpg;igr; nra;a Kidfpd;wdh;.FbnaOg;gpf; fiyj;J epyg;gwpg;igr; nra;a Kidfpd; wdh;.

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tpy;iy.tpy;iy.tpy;iy.tpy;iy.tpy;iy.

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jpAs;sJ. jpAs;sJ. jpAs;sJ. jpAs;sJ. jpAs;sJ.

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(01Mk; gf;fj; njhlh;r;rp)

kf;fs; nfhz;Ls;s vOr;rpepiy

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eP cd; fjph;fis xUNghJk;Rl;nlhpf;fg; Nghtjpy;iy.mJ Nghy;cd;idr; Rl;nlhpf;f,d;ndhU #hpad;cjpf;fg; Nghtjpy;iy.

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0303030303itfhrp - Mdp> 2007itfhrp - Mdp> 2007itfhrp - Mdp> 2007itfhrp - Mdp> 2007itfhrp - Mdp> 2007

“vd;d Ntz;Lk; cq;fSf;F? “vd;d Ntz;Lk; cq;fSf;F? “vd;d Ntz;Lk; cq;fSf;F? “vd;d Ntz;Lk; cq;fSf;F? “vd;d Ntz;Lk; cq;fSf;F?

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5/16


xxxxxd; wiu tUl kfpe; jhpd; Ml;rpapy; rpq;fs muR neUf;fbfs; gytw;iw vjph;nfhz;Ls;sJ.

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vy;yhsd;

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6/16


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mjpy; Kjd;ikahdJ. 1918,y; ,e;jkNrhjhtpd; fPo; mah;yhe;jpd; nghJkf;fs; rigf;fhd Njh;jy; eilngw;wJ.,jpy; FbauRthjpfs; ngUk;ghd;ik Mrdq;fisg; ngw;wdh;. ,ijj;njhlh; e;J FbauRthjpfs; mah;yhe; jpd;nghJkf;fs; rigia epuhfhpj;jdh;.839 rJu ikw; gug;igf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

,q;fpyhe;Jj; jPTf;F mLj;j kpfg; nghpa epyg;gug;ig mJ nfhz;Ls;sJ.

xU kf;fs; $l;lj;jpd; Njrpaf;fl;likg;igAk; ghuk;ghpa milahsj;ijAk; mopj;njhopg;gjw;F ,q;fpyhe;J fz;Lgpbj;j cghakhff; FbNaw;wk;Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gLfpwJ. vjph; Nghuhl;lq;fs; votplhJ ClWg;gjw;Fk; FbNaw;wg;gl;l ehl;ilj; jkJ vd;W NfhUtjw;Fk;,e;j cghak; tifnra;fpd;wJ. FbNaw; wk; gw;wp ,j; jhypapd; murpay; jj;J thrphpad; khf;fpahnty;yp (MACHIAVELLI)(1469-1527)gpd;tUkhW $Wfpwhh;. “murd; jhd; ifg;gw; wpa gFjpia jdJ Mjpf;fj; jpd; fPo; njhlh;e;J itj; jpUf;fNtz;Lkhapd; mq;F jdJ FbNaw;wq;fis ];jhgpg;gJ> ,uhZtKfhk;fis tplNkyhdjhFk;. Vnddpy; ,uhZtj; jpw;F murNd Cjpak; nfhLf;fNtz;

Lk;. FbNaw; wg;gLNthh; re; jjp re; jjpahfme;j kz;zpy; epd;W jhf;Fg;gpbf;ff;$bath;fshth;. vdNt FbNaw; wk; xUtif epue; ju ,uhZtkhFk;.” rpq;fsth;fs; Rje; jpuk; ngw; w ehl;njhl;L khf;fpah nty;ypapd; Nfhl;ghl;Lf;F mikthfj; jkpoh; jhafj;jpy; rpq;fsf; FbNaw;wq;fis mikf;fpd;wdh;. ,d;DkJ Xa;e; j

Ihp\; kf;fspd; tpLjiy Ntl;ifia $h;ikahf mtjhdpj;Js;shh;. mth;N[h;kdpapy; gpwe;j A+jh; vdpDk; 1849y;yz;ldpy; FbGFe;jth;. 1850y; fhh;s;khf;]; mah;yhe;J xU jdpaurhf mik af;$lhJ vd; w fUj;ij ntspapl;lhh;.1867tiu mth; ,e;j epiyg;ghl;ilvLj; jhh;. ,NjtUlk; mth; mah;yhe;J gphpj;jhdpahtplkpUe;J gphpaj;jhd;Ntz;Lnkd; whh;. jdJ kd khw;wj;jpw;

fhd tpsf;fj;ij mth; 1869y; ntsp apl;lhh;. Mokhd Ma;T ,k; Kbit vLf;fj; J}z;baJ vd; whh;. ,jd; gpd;dh;mth; mah;yhe; jpd; tpLjiyf;fhd fUj; jpay; Nghiu Kd;ndLj;jhh;. Mdhy;khh;f;rpd; fUj;Jf;fs; Ihp\; kf;fs; kPJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;f ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jtpy;iy. khwhf Ihp\; ,isa jiyKiwapdh; jdpauR mikf;f Ntz;Lk;vd;w fUj;ijr; Rakhff; nfhz;bUe; jdh;.

,Ugjhk; E}w; whz;bd; Muk;g ehl;fspy; tpLjiyf;fhd ,yl;rpaj;Jld;Rahl;rpf; Nfhhpf;if mzpapdh; (HOMERULE PARTY)FbauRthjpfs; (REPUBLICANS) Nghd; w mikg;Gf;fs; Njhd;wpd.gphpj; jhdpahTld; ,ize; jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w If;fpathjpfs; fl;rpAk;(UNIONISTS) khWgl;l fUj;Jld; Njhd; wp

aJ. Nghuhl;lk; tYg;ngWtijczh;e;j gphpl;b]; ghuhSkd;wk; Rahl;rp kNrhjhit (HOME RULE DILL) 1885y;nfhz;Lte;jJ. Mdhy; ,J thf;nfLg;gpy; Njhy;tpaile;jJ. 1893y; ,e;jkNrhjh fPo;rigahy; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lh Yk;. gpuGf;fs; rig mij epuhfhpj;J tpl;lJ. Ngr;Rthh;j;ij gadw;wJ> MAjg;

1921tiu ele;j jhf;Fjy;fs; th;zpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. nfhpy;yhj; jhf;Fjy;fSf;F


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mikjp Vw;gl;lJ. rpd;ngapd;mikg;gpypUe;J tpyfpa b tyuh jdJ jiyika py; Gjp jhfnth U Fba uRf ;fl;rpiaj; njhlq;fpdhh;. 1932,y; mth; ehl;bd ; jiyikg; gjtpiaj; Njh;jy;%yk; ifg;gw;wpdhh;. 1948 tiu mth;,g;gjtp tfpj;jhh;. mtUila gjtpf;fhyj; jpy; (1938) njw;F mah;yhe;jpYs;s gphpl;b\; ,uhZtj; jsq;fs; mfw; wg;gl;ld. 1938,y; njw;F mah;yhe;J vd;Wk; Ihp\; Rje;jpu ehL vd;Wk;miof;fg;gl;l gFjp mah;yhe;J vd;W ngah; khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,d;W

mah;yhe;Jf; FbauR I.eh> INuhg;gpa xd;wpak; Mfpatw; wpy; cWg;Ghpik ngw; wnropg;ghd jdp ehlhf ,lk;ngWfpwJ.

Vwj; jho Kg;gJ tUlfhyk; ePbj;jvhpj;jphpa tpLjiyg;Nghh; Nkw;F ehLfs;cUthf;fpa Raeph;zaf; Nfhl;ghl;ilj; jkJ ,uhZt Nfe;jpu eyDf;F Vw;wthW mNj Nkw;F ehLfs; kPwpajhy; Vw;gl;lJ. INuhg;gpa ehLfspd; fhydpj;Jt Ml;rpf;Fl;gl;l Mrpa - Mgphpf;f ehLfSf;F Ra eph;zaf; Nfhl;ghL mbg;gilapy; tpLjiy epthuzk; cz;L vd;wtpjpKiw vhpj;jphpa kf;fSf;F kWf;fg;gl;lJ. Nghh; vd;gJ murpaypd; ePl;rp vd; w thf;fpaj; jpw;F cjhuzkhf vhpj; jphp ahtpd; tpLjiyg;Nghh; mikfpd;wJ.,j;jhypapd; fhydpj;Jt Ml;rpapd; fPo;1889 njhlf;fk; 1941tiu vhpj;jphpah fple;jgpd; 1941 njhlf;fk; 1952tiuapy;gphpl;b\; Ml;rpapd; fPo; te; jJ. ,uz;lhk;

cyfg;Nghhpy; Njhy;tp mile; j ,j; jhyp ntw;wpngw;w ehLfSld; nra; j cld;g bf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy; jdJ fhydpj;Jt ehLfSf;F tpLjiy toq;fr; rk;kjk; njhptpj;jJ. ypgpah> Nrhkhypah Mfpait ,jd;gb tpLjiyngw;wd.Mdhy; vhpj;jphpahTf;F tpLjiy toq;fg;gltpy;iy. khwhf mJ vjpNahg;gpah tpd; gpw;Nghf;F kd;dh; nfapy; nryhh;rp apd; (HAILE SELASSIE) Ml;rpf;F toq;fg;gl;lJ. vhpj;jphpahtpd; Mapuk; iky; ePs khd fpof;F vy;iy nrq;fly; Xukhf,Ue;jJ. mnkhpf;fhtpd; ,uhZtj;Njitf;Fk; Gtpapay; murpay; eyDf;Fk; nrq;fly; fiuNahuk; mjw;Fj;Njitg;gl;lJ. mj;NjhL vhpj; jphpahtpd;m];khuh efh;g;Gwj;jpy; gphpl;brhh;mikj; j njhiyj; njhlh;G epiyaj;ij jdjhf;f mnkhpf;fh tpUk;gpaJ. ehq;fs;

cq;fSf;F vhpj; jphpahitg; ngw;Wj; jUfpNwhk;> ePq;fs; vq;fs; ghtidapy; Nkw;Fwpj; j epiyaj;ij tpl;L tpLq;fs; vd;W vjpNahg;gpahTld; mnkhpf;fh Nguk; Ngrp aJ. vhpj;jphpahitg; gphpj;jhdpahTk;mnkhpf;fhTk; $l;lhf tQ;rpj;jd.

,jd; gpufhuk; vhpj; jphpah> vjpNahg;gpa murhpd; fPOs;s jd;dhl;rpAila gFjpahf mnkhpf;fh xOq;fikj; j I.eh jPh;khdk ; gpufldQ; nra;j J. ed; Ftpthpf;fg;glhj rk\;b Kiwapd; fPo;vhpj;jphpah Ml;rp nra;ag;gLk; vd;Wk;$wg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; ,e;j re;Njfj; jpw;fplkhd rk\;b Ml;rpKiw gw;wpg; Ngrg;gl;l 1952Mk; Mz;bw;Fg; gpd; vhpj;jphpa kf;fspd; jd;dhl;rp chpj;Jf;fisg;gwpg;gjpy; kd;dh; nryhrp Ntfkhf njhopw;rhiyfs;> epjp epWtdq;fs;>

Vw;Wkjp ,wf;Fkjp vd;gtw;iw ,e; j ,uh Zt Ml;rpahsh;fs; Njrpa clikahf;fpdhh;fs;. 1972 - 1974 fhyg;gFjpapy; vjp Nahg;gpahtpy; epytpa kpff; nfhba gQ;rj;jpd; tpisTfis ,e;j eltbf;iffl;Lg;gLj;Jk; vd;W mth;fs; ek;gpdhh;fs;. khwhf cs;ehl;by; Fog;gk; Vw;gl;lJ. ,ijr; rhjfkhfg; gad;gLj;jpa vhpj; jphpag; Nghuhspfs; vhpj;jphpa kf;fs;tpLjiy Kd;dzp (ERITREAN PEO PLE’SLIBERATION FRONT - EPLF) vd;wmikg;gpd; fPo; xd;W jpuz;L jhf;Fjy;fis jPtpug;gLj;jpdh;. vjpNahg;gpa ,uh

Zt Ml;rpahsh;fspd; nfhs;iffSk;nraw;ghLfSk; epjp kw;Wk; MAj cjtp fis toq;fpa mnkhpf;fhTf;F ntWg;G+l;baJ. mnkhpf;fh jdJ cjtpfis epWj; jpa NghJ Nrhtpaj; xd;wpak; ntw; wplj;ij epug;gpaJ. Fz;L tPr;R tpkhdq;fs; cl;glg; gy jug;gl;l etPd MAj js ghlq;fisAk; ,uhZt MNyhrid fisAk; Nrhtpaj; xd; wpak; vjpNahg;gp ahtpw;F kpff;Fiwe; j tpiyapYk; ,ytrkhfTk; toq;fpaJ. Mdhy; vjpNahg;gpa ,uhZtj; jhy; vhpj;jphpa tpLjiyg;

Nghuhspfspd; fl;Lg;ghLld; $ba fl;likg;G> mDgt mwpTkpf;f fl;lis gPlk;> Jy;yp akhfj; jhf;Fk; rpwg;G Mfpa tw;iwf; nfhz;bUe; jikAk;> ehd;fht jhf NghUf;F kj; jpapy; fy;tp> Rfhjhuk;cs;slq;fyhd kf;fs; eyd; NgZk; jpl;lq;fis tFj;J eilKiwg;gLj; jpaik Ak;> Ie;jhtjhf ehk; kf;fNshLkf;fshdth; vd;gijg; Nghuhspfs;njhlh;r;rpahf ntspg;gLj; jp te; jikAk;ntw; wpapd; fhuzq; fshf mikfpd; wd”(THE ERITREAN STRUGGLE FOR

INDEPENDENCE-DOMI NATION, RESISTANCE

AND NATIONALISM 1941 - 1993, BY RUTHIYOB, CAMBRIDGE. U.K 1995)

jw;fhy Mgph pf;fhtpd; kpf ePz;lfhyk; epytpa MAjg; Nghuhd vhpj;jphpa tpLjiyg; Nghh; gw; wpg; ghh;j;jgpd; njd;dhgphpf;fhtpd; nts;is epw ntwpau rpw;F vjpuhd fWg;gpd kf;fspd; eltbf;ifiaf; fUj;jpy; vLg;Nghk;. njd;dh gphpf;f ehl;bw;Fk; jkpoh;fSf;Fk; neUf;fkhd njhlh;G cz;L. jkpoPo kf;fs; elj;Jk ; tp Ljiyg;Ng hUf; F mq;Ffhj;jpukhd MjuTg;Gyk; ,Ug;gjw;F

gpdj; jth;fspd; ,d tpLjiyg; NghUf;FmbnaLj;Jf;nfhLj;jth;fs; ,e;jpah;fNs. ,ij %j;j fWg;gpd tpLjiytPuh;fs; kwf;ftpy;iy. ehNlhb Mde; j rq;fhpAk; gy

Nfhg;Gf;fs;> mwpf;iffs; Nghd;wtw;iwnjd;dhgphpf;fh vLj;Jr;nrd; wdh;. ,th;fNshL Ngrpa xU %j; j fWg;gpdj; jiyth; Kfj; jpy; miwe; jhw;Nghy; ,UtUf;Fk; gpd;tUkhW $wpdhh;. “ehq;fs;nts;is epwntwp muRld; Nghuhba fhyj;jpy; rpy fWg;gh;fs; nts;isah;fspd; iff; $ypfshfr; nraw;gl;ldh;. ehL ehlhfr; nrd;W vkf;F vjpuhfg ;gpurhuk; nra;jdh;. mth;fs; iffspYk;Nfhg;Gf; fSk; mwpf;iffSk; ,Ue; jd”

kdpj ehfhPf tuyhw;wpy; kpfTk;mehfhPf Ml;rpKiwahff; fUjg;gLk;mg;ghj;ijw; (APARTHEID) vd;w ,d xJf;fy; Kiwik njd;dhgphpf;fh vd; w ehL njhlq;fpa 1910Mk; Mz;L njhlf;fk; 1994,y; fWg;gh;fs; jiyikapy;kf;fs; Ml;rp Vw;gLk; tiu epytpaJ. mg;ghj;ijw; MAl;fhyk; Vwj; jho 84 tUlq;

fs; vd;W fzpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;jMl;rp Kiwapd; mbj; jskhf nts;is ah;fs; epiwNtw; wpa 1913,d; epyThpikr;rl;lk; (THE LAND ACT OF 1913) mikfpd; wJ. ,jd; %yk; fWg;gh;fs; jhk; gpwe;j ehl;bNyNa 87tPjkhd epyj;ij ,oe;jdh;. njd;dhgphpf;fhtpd; tskhd kz;iz ,r; rl;lk; nts;isah; clik ahf;fpaJ. 1923Mk; Mz;by; nts;isah;fs; cUthf;fpa efh;g;Gwr; rl;lk; (THEURBAN ACT OF 1923) fWg;gpd kf;fisr;Rfhjhu trjpfs; mw; w Nrhptho;tpw;Fj; js; spaJ. 193 6,y ; epi wNt w;w g;g l;lRNjrpfs; gpujpepjpj;Jtr; rl;lk; (THEREPRESENTATION OF NATIVES ACT OF 1936)

fWg;gh;fspd; thf;Fhpikiag; gwpj; jJ.1913Mk; Mz;bd; epyThpikr;rl;lk; ghu J}ukhd tpisTfis Vw;gLj; jpaJ. 87 tPjkhd epyk; 3kpy;ypad; nts;isah;

fSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhf;fg;gl;lJ. vQ;rpa 13tPjkhd epyk; 8kpy;ypad; fWg;gh;fspd;tho;tplkhf mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJ.

1950,y; epiwNtw; wg;gl;l ,U ntt;NtW rl;lq;fs; ,d xJf;fy; nfhs;ifia epWtdkag;gLj;jpaJ. Kjyh tJ kf;fspd; gjpTr;rl;lk; (POPULATIONREGISTRATION ACT) ,r; rl;lg;gbNjhypd; epw mbg;gilapy; midtUk;ntt;Ntwhfg; gjpT nra;ag;gl;ldh;.,uz;lhtJ FOk tho;tplr;rl;lk;(GROUP AREAS ACT) fWg;gh;fSk; ,e; jpah;fSk; mth;fSf;nfd xJf;fg;gl;l gFjp apy; khj;jpuk; tho KbAk;. mNj gFjp nts;isah;fSf;Fj; Njitg;gl;lhy;mq;F tho;Nthiu nghyp]; kw;Wk; ,uh Zt cjtpNahL mg;Gwg;gLj;j ,r; rl;lk; tif nra;fpd; wJ. ,g;gbahfr; rl;lj; jpd; %yk ; kp fg ;gyk ; tha;e;j et Pd

nghyp]; kw;Wk; ,uhZt cjtpNahL,d xJf;fy; Ml;rp eilKiwapy; ,Ue; jJ. kPWNthiuj; jz;bf;f kpff;nfhba fpUkpdy; rl;lq;fs; cUthf;fg;gl;ld.,jd; fPo; fWg;gh;fspd; ngUe;jiyth;ney;rd; kz;Nlyh 27 tUlk; 6khjk;rpiwapy; milgl;lhh;. tpLjiyahd NghJ mtUf;F taJ 71. khh;r; 21> 1960 ,y; fWg;gh;fs; NghuhlNtz;ba epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;ldh;. md;W nts;isg;nghyp]; 69 mg;ghtpf; fWg;gh;fisr;Rl;Lf;nfhd;wJ. ,J rhh;g; tpy; rk;gtk;(SHARPEVILLE INCIDENT) vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ. kf;fs; vjph;g;G ntspg;gilahf ele;jJ. 1960 ,w;Fg; gpd; cyfehLfs; nts;is murpw;F vjpuhfg; nghUsh jhuj; jiliag; gbg;gbahff; nfhz;Lte; jd. 1976,d; nrhntw;Nwh (SOWETO)khzth; gLnfhiy nts;is murpd;

KbTf;Ff; fl;bak; $wpaJ. fWg;gh;fspd; MAjg;Nghuhl;lk; jPtpukile;jNjhL> nghUshjhuj; jilfSk; tYg;ngw;wd. ,d xJf;fy; nfhs;ifia epWj;j pa nts ;isah; fs; ngUk;g hd;ikf; fWg;gh;fsplk; Ml;rpia 1994,y;xg;gilj;jdh;.

Nghiu klf;fK b a t p y ; i y .t pLjiyf;fhfvhpj;jphpa kf;fs;nfhLj;j tpiykpfg; nghpaJ. xUkf;fs; $l;lk;

tpLjiyNa Fwp ahf> ,og;Gf;fisg; nghUl;gLj; jhJ Nghuhlj;Jzpe;jhy; ve;jnthU rf;jpah Yk; mth;fis tPo;j;j KbahJ.,jw;F vhpj; jphpah rpwe; j cjhuzk;.

kf;fs; Mju itAk; Nrhtpaj;xd;wpaj;jpd; ek;gpf;ifAk; ,oe;jNfzy; nkd;f p] ;Jtpd ;

,uhZt Ml;rp 1991 Nk khjj; jpy; tPo;r;rp mile; jJ. Fiwe; j tpiyapYk; ,ytr khfTk; toq;fpa jdJ MAj jsghlq;fis Kd;NdwptUk; vhpj; jphpag; Nghuhsp fs; ms;spr; nry;tij Nrhtpaj; xd; wp aj;jhy; nghWj;Jf;nfhs;s Kba tpy;iy. ,dp gzk; je;jhy;jhd; vkJ ,uhZt cjtp vd; w epiyf;Fr; Nrhtpaj;xd;wpak; te;jJ. 1991 Nk 24Mk; ehs;vjpNahg;gpa ,uhZtj;jpw;F vhpj;jphpa kf;fs; tpLjiy Kd;dzpg; Nghuhspfs;,Wjpab nfhLj;J ntw;wpthif #bdh;.mjd; gpd; rh;tNjr r%fk; vhpj; jphpa ehl;bd; Njhw;wj;ij mq;fPfhpf;fNtz;ba epiy Njhd;wpaJ. I.eh jiyikapyhd kf;fs; fUj;Jf;fzpg;G 1993 Vg;gpuypy; elj;jg;gl;l gpd; vhpj; jphpah ehL rl;lG+h;tkhf cjakhfpaJ. “,uhZt ntw;wp fSld; kf;fspd; gq;fspg;G ,ize;J ehl;bd; Njhw;w j;j pw; F ,lk spj ;jJ”vd;w Ma;thsh; NkYk; $Wfpd;whh;.“Kjyhtjhf caph;> nghUs; midj;ijAk; ghhpa mstpy; ,oe;j epiyapYk;

me; j kf;fs; jkJ tpLjiy mikg;gpw;FMjuT mspj;jikAk;> ,uz;lhtjhftpLjiy mikg;G ntspg;gLj;jpa jhf;Fg;gpbf;Fk; tY> gil elj;Jk; jpwd;>MAjq;fisf; ifahSk; jpwik> vjphp apd; jiu mikT gw;wpa Ez;zwpT vd;gdTk;> %d;whtjhf vhpj;jphpag;

,Jjhd; fhuzk;. njd;dhgphpf;fhit Ml;rp nra;j nts;is ah;fs; fWg;gpdg; G+h;tf; Fbfis mlf;fpnahLf;fp Ntiythq;fr; rpukg;gl;ldh;. ,e; jpah tpypUe;J Vioj;njhopyhsh;fis nts;isah;fs; mioj;Jr;nrd; wdh;. ,th;fspw; ngUk;ghyhNdhh; jkpoh;fs;. njYq;fh;fSk;> Fauhj;jpfSk; rpW vz;zpf;ifapy; ,Ue;jdh;.,th;fSf;F xg;ge;jf;$ypfs;vd;W ngah;. ,th;fs; Ie;J Mz;L fhyk; nts;is Kjyhspaplk; Ntiy ghh;f;fNtz;Lk;. Ie; jhz;L Kbe; jgpd;tpUk;gpdhy; mNj Kjyhspap

lk; Nkw;nfhz;L Ie;JtUlfhyk; njhlh;e;J gzpahw; wyhk;. 21 tUlfhyk;

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