LuftwaffeTARGETING

Luftwaffe Senior Officer

Service College

The Only Thing We Feel The Only Thing We Feel

When We Kill Is The RecoilWhen We Kill Is The Recoil

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Targeting

Part of the Military Decision-Making Process (MDMP) used to focus the Battlefield Operating Systems to achieve the commander’s intent.

Dynamic Process of: Identifying enemy targets to attack/track. Determine what acquisition asset to find the target. Determine the appropriate attack system to be used to capture

destroy, degrade or neutralize the targets in question. Assess if we did the job.

Emphasis on identifying resources that the

enemy can least afford to lose. Denying these resources to the enemy strips

him of the initiative; forces him to conform to

friendly battle plans.

Part of the Military Decision-Making Process (MDMP) used to focus the Battlefield Operating Systems to achieve the commander’s intent.

Dynamic Process of: Identifying enemy targets to attack/track. Determine what acquisition asset to find the target. Determine the appropriate attack system to be used to capture

destroy, degrade or neutralize the targets in question. Assess if we did the job.

Emphasis on identifying resources that the

enemy can least afford to lose. Denying these resources to the enemy strips

him of the initiative; forces him to conform to

friendly battle plans.

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OR IN SIMPLER TERMS...

... WITH SO MUCH TO ATTACK AND SO LITTLE TIME (AND SPACE AND ASSETS, etc.)…

WHAT DO WE ATTACKWHEN DO WE ATTACK HOW DO WE FIND IT HOW DO WE ATTACK IT WITH SYNCHRONIZED FIRES AND MANEUVERDID WE ANSWER THE QUESTION AND ACHIEVE THE COMMANDER'S INTENT?

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An enemy function, formation, equipment, facility

or terrain planned for capture, destruction,

neutralization or degradation in order to disrupt,

delay or limit the enemy

A Target Is….

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-

.

Targeting Objectives

Disrupt- Break Apart, Disturb Or Interrupt An Enemy Function.

Delay - Slow The Arrival Of A Unit (Formation) On The Battlefield.

Limit - Restrict Where The Enemy Will Pursue A COA

Damage - used to reflect the subjective or objective assessment of battle damage or to describe nuclear targeting objectives i.e. light, moderate, or severe.

Destroy – Commander Must Quantify Percentage of target meets destruction criteria

Disrupt- Break Apart, Disturb Or Interrupt An Enemy Function.

Delay - Slow The Arrival Of A Unit (Formation) On The Battlefield.

Limit - Restrict Where The Enemy Will Pursue A COA

Damage - used to reflect the subjective or objective assessment of battle damage or to describe nuclear targeting objectives i.e. light, moderate, or severe.

Destroy – Commander Must Quantify Percentage of target meets destruction criteria

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Targeting Team

The KG commander is responsible for the targeting effort. He typically delegates the overall management of the targeting team to the Executive Officer (XO), KG Chief of Staff.

Key KG Staff Members:Intel OfficerOperations OfficerFSCOORD or Fire Support OfficerTargeting Officer Air Liaison Officer

KG Special Staff Officers: Staff weather officer (SWO) Ground Liaison Officer (ANV LNO) Air defense officer (ADAO) Ground Unit intelligence officerNaval gunfire liaison officer (NGLO)Liaison officers (LNOs) of major subordinate commanders

The KG commander is responsible for the targeting effort. He typically delegates the overall management of the targeting team to the Executive Officer (XO), KG Chief of Staff.

Key KG Staff Members:Intel OfficerOperations OfficerFSCOORD or Fire Support OfficerTargeting Officer Air Liaison Officer

KG Special Staff Officers: Staff weather officer (SWO) Ground Liaison Officer (ANV LNO) Air defense officer (ADAO) Ground Unit intelligence officerNaval gunfire liaison officer (NGLO)Liaison officers (LNOs) of major subordinate commanders

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DecideDecide

Detect

Deliver

Assess D3A

Targeting Cycle

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DECIDE

The decision function determines the priorities that apply to the following:– What targets should be attacked? When?– What TA assets are available to be tasked?– Define the Information processing flow to

ensure the right people get it timely. – What attack means should be selected? – The requirement for post attack

assessment.

The decision function determines the priorities that apply to the following:– What targets should be attacked? When?– What TA assets are available to be tasked?– Define the Information processing flow to

ensure the right people get it timely. – What attack means should be selected? – The requirement for post attack

assessment.

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THE DECIDE FUNCTION

TARGETING & MDMP

Tremendous emphasis must be made during Mission Analysis for timeliness.

Refined throughout process. The decisions made in this function are:

1) What targets should be a acquired and attacked?2) Where and when the targets will likely be found

and who can locate them?3) How should the targets be attacked?4) Is target damage assessment required?

Tremendous emphasis must be made during Mission Analysis for timeliness.

Refined throughout process. The decisions made in this function are:

1) What targets should be a acquired and attacked?2) Where and when the targets will likely be found

and who can locate them?3) How should the targets be attacked?4) Is target damage assessment required?

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During the initial Intelligence Preparation of the During the initial Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield (IPB) effort; doctrinal templates are Battlefield (IPB) effort; doctrinal templates are produced to aid in initial identification of potential produced to aid in initial identification of potential High Value Targets.High Value Targets.

High value targetsHigh value targets (HVT) (HVT) are those assets the are those assets the enemyenemy commander commander requiresrequires for the successful for the successful completion of his mission.completion of his mission.

IPB and Targeting

High payoff targetsHigh payoff targets (HPT) (HPT) are those HVTs that are those HVTs that must be acquired and successfully attacked for the must be acquired and successfully attacked for the successsuccess of the of the friendlyfriendly commander’s mission commander’s mission

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IPB and Targeting

Situation, event and decision support templates are developed.

Named Areas of Interest (NAI) are identified to confirm or deny the enemy’s particular Course of Action (COA)

Decision points, HPTs are identified to better focus on specific critical activities, events or assets.

Develop Observation Plans and Requests for Information (RFI) to ensure critical areas are watched.

Situation, event and decision support templates are developed.

Named Areas of Interest (NAI) are identified to confirm or deny the enemy’s particular Course of Action (COA)

Decision points, HPTs are identified to better focus on specific critical activities, events or assets.

Develop Observation Plans and Requests for Information (RFI) to ensure critical areas are watched.

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Decide Tools and Products

Intelligence collection plan: - supports the acquisition of HPTs and answers the Commander’s Priority Intelligence Reports (PIR)

Target Selection Standards (TSS): addresses accuracy or other specific criteria that must be met before attacking the target

Attack Guidance Matrix (AGM): addresses which targets will be attacked, how, when, and the desired effects

Intelligence collection plan: - supports the acquisition of HPTs and answers the Commander’s Priority Intelligence Reports (PIR)

Target Selection Standards (TSS): addresses accuracy or other specific criteria that must be met before attacking the target

Attack Guidance Matrix (AGM): addresses which targets will be attacked, how, when, and the desired effects

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High Payoff Target List

HPTL identifies the HPTs for a specific point in the battle in the order of their priority

Target value is usually the greatest contributing factor but other considerations may include:

– order of occurrence– ability to locate and ID targets– degree of accuracy of Tactical Attack systems– ability to engage and defeat the target– resources required to achieve all of the above

HPTL identifies the HPTs for a specific point in the battle in the order of their priority

Target value is usually the greatest contributing factor but other considerations may include:

– order of occurrence– ability to locate and ID targets– degree of accuracy of Tactical Attack systems– ability to engage and defeat the target– resources required to achieve all of the above

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HPTL are used by the operations, intelligence, HPTL are used by the operations, intelligence, and fire support cells as a planning tool in:and fire support cells as a planning tool in:

a. Determining attack guidancea. Determining attack guidanceb. Developing the collection planb. Developing the collection planc. Determining when and with what urgency a c. Determining when and with what urgency a

target should be attackedtarget should be attacked

High Payoff Target

PRIORITYPRIORITY CATEGORYCATEGORY DESCRIPTIONDESCRIPTION

11 8 N/CH (TS)8 N/CH (TS) Enemy FactoriesEnemy Factories22 1 C3 (TS)1 C3 (TS) Command and Control FacilitiesCommand and Control Facilities33 2 FS (TS)2 FS (TS) Enemy HarborsEnemy Harbors44 2 FS 2 FS Enemy Air FieldsEnemy Air Fields55 1 C31 C3 FBs and Army BasesFBs and Army Bases66 3 MAN3 MAN Enemy FormationsEnemy Formations

EXAMPLE: HPTL (KG Gruppe & higher)

NOTE: THE LIST MAY HAVE ANY NUMBER OF TARGET PRIORITIES

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TARGET SELECTION STANDARDS

Provides the attack manager a ready reference with which to evaluate assets abilities that

report to him.Set of criteria applied to enemy activity.Determines whether the enemy activity is a

target.Two categories: targets & suspected targets.Targets must meet accuracy and timeliness

requirements to be attacked.

Provides the attack manager a ready reference with which to evaluate assets abilities that

report to him.Set of criteria applied to enemy activity.Determines whether the enemy activity is a

target.Two categories: targets & suspected targets.Targets must meet accuracy and timeliness

requirements to be attacked.

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HPTL ATTACK/SYSTEM TLE/ACQ TIME

13th Legion Formation <1 km / 10 min

Berry-Bac Air Field 100 km / 2 hrs

Antwerp Harbor Fighter/Stukas 200 km / 20 min

Amiens Factories Strategic HE111 Bombers 200 km / 20 min

Luxembourg Road Network Mixed Force 10 km / 2 hrs

TARGET SELECTION STANDARDS MATRIX

Mixed Force

Fighter/Mixed Force

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Attack Guidance Matrix

War-gaming yields several decisions: Targets will be disrupted, delayed or limited Attack options (suppress, neutralize, destroy) selected

and when the target is to be acquired and attacked Attack system selected based on risk to an asset vs

it’s effectiveness against the target These decisions form the basis of the staff’s attack guidance recommendations FSCOORD, Operations and Intelligence Staff officers

develop the AGM. The Ground Maneuver Commander approves the AGM

War-gaming yields several decisions: Targets will be disrupted, delayed or limited Attack options (suppress, neutralize, destroy) selected

and when the target is to be acquired and attacked Attack system selected based on risk to an asset vs

it’s effectiveness against the target These decisions form the basis of the staff’s attack guidance recommendations FSCOORD, Operations and Intelligence Staff officers

develop the AGM. The Ground Maneuver Commander approves the AGM

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Addresses what priority HPTs are attacked, when, how and with any restrictions

Consists of columns for: TGT categories specific HPTs when TGTs are attacked how TGTs are attacked any restrictions or special instructions for the

attackStaffs can vary the use & structure to meet local needs

Addresses what priority HPTs are attacked, when, how and with any restrictions

Consists of columns for: TGT categories specific HPTs when TGTs are attacked how TGTs are attacked any restrictions or special instructions for the

attackStaffs can vary the use & structure to meet local needs

Attack Guidance Matrix

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13th RESERVE BN13th RESERVE BN I AVN BDE D I AVN BDE D INTENT: ATK RES available in 1 hr INTENT: ATK RES available in 1 hr

Phase/Event: Attack through the security zonePhase/Event: Attack through the security zone

HPTL WHENHPTL WHEN HOWHOW EFFECTEFFECT REMARKSREMARKS

1313thth Legion I LW Legion I LW N N COORD W/ NC COORD W/ NC

RISTA/OPSRISTA/OPS PP GSGS N N PLAN IN INITIAL PREP PLAN IN INITIAL PREP

AntwerpAntwerp PP StukaStuka N N PLAN IN INITIAL PREP PLAN IN INITIAL PREP

AA GSGS S S AVN OPS AVN OPSBrusselsBrussels

EXAMPLE ATTACK GUIDANCE MATRIXEXAMPLE ATTACK GUIDANCE MATRIX

Normally only three Immediate (I) allowed on AGMNormally only three Immediate (I) allowed on AGM

Attack Guidance MatrixAttack Guidance Matrix

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DETECT

Collection Mgr supervises execution of collection plan at each level and assists

subordinates. TA assets gather information and report - some

produce valid targets – others require further processing.

Targets (actual or suspected) that are ID’d but not attacked are tracked IAW the attack guidance matrix (AGM)

Attack systems are tasked IAW with AGM and TSS as targets are developed

Collection Mgr supervises execution of collection plan at each level and assists

subordinates. TA assets gather information and report - some

produce valid targets – others require further processing.

Targets (actual or suspected) that are ID’d but not attacked are tracked IAW the attack guidance matrix (AGM)

Attack systems are tasked IAW with AGM and TSS as targets are developed

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Intelligence drives the collection effort. Focus is on detecting and tracking targets Key Personnel determine accurate, identifiable and timely

requirements for the collection systems. Collection essential in identifying, and tracking targets.

Detect: Ground Maneuver Elements Luftwaffe Kriegs-Marine FB Personnel AB Personnel

Intelligence drives the collection effort. Focus is on detecting and tracking targets Key Personnel determine accurate, identifiable and timely

requirements for the collection systems. Collection essential in identifying, and tracking targets.

Detect: Ground Maneuver Elements Luftwaffe Kriegs-Marine FB Personnel AB Personnel

DETECT

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Systems - Detect and DeliverSystems - Detect and Deliver(Supporting Gruppe and below)(Supporting Gruppe and below)

Delivery:

Maneuver Units Naval Surface Fires Luftwaffe Artillery Armor Infantry Special Ops Para/Glider Forces

Delivery:

Maneuver Units Naval Surface Fires Luftwaffe Artillery Armor Infantry Special Ops Para/Glider Forces

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DELIVER

Primary objective is the attack of targets IAW AGM

Triggers are met.The tactical solution (the selection of attack

systems or combination of systems) leads to a technical solution

The technical solution identifies: specific attack unit type of ordnance time of attack coordination

Primary objective is the attack of targets IAW AGM

Triggers are met.The tactical solution (the selection of attack

systems or combination of systems) leads to a technical solution

The technical solution identifies: specific attack unit type of ordnance time of attack coordination

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TARGETING:TARGETING:DELIVERDELIVER

Attacking of targets must satisfy attack guidance developed in the decide function and identified / tracked during the detect function

Triggers identified Tactical and technical decisions are made to include:

time of attack desired effect attack system number and types of munitions and response time

Attacking of targets must satisfy attack guidance developed in the decide function and identified / tracked during the detect function

Triggers identified Tactical and technical decisions are made to include:

time of attack desired effect attack system number and types of munitions and response time

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Combat Assessment

Staff conducts Combat Assessment (CA)

CA determines overall effectiveness of force employment during military operations

CA is composed of:Battle Damage Assessment (BDA)

Munitions effects assessment

Re-attack recommendation

Staff conducts Combat Assessment (CA)

CA determines overall effectiveness of force employment during military operations

CA is composed of:Battle Damage Assessment (BDA)

Munitions effects assessment

Re-attack recommendation

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COMBAT ASSESSMENTCOMBAT ASSESSMENT

Combat Assessment (CA) is the determination of the effectiveness of

force employment during military operations

CA is composed of three elements:Battle Damage Assessment (BDA) Munitions Effects Assessment (MEA) Re-attack recommendation

Combat Assessment (CA) is the determination of the effectiveness of

force employment during military operations

CA is composed of three elements:Battle Damage Assessment (BDA) Munitions Effects Assessment (MEA) Re-attack recommendation

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COMBAT ASSESSMENT (CA)COMBAT ASSESSMENT (CA)

• At the tactical level, commanders use At the tactical level, commanders use BDA to get a series of timely and accurate BDA to get a series of timely and accurate snapshots of their effect on the enemy.snapshots of their effect on the enemy.

• As part of the targeting process, BDA As part of the targeting process, BDA helps to determine effectiveness of the plan helps to determine effectiveness of the plan and if a re-strike is necessary.and if a re-strike is necessary.

LuftwaffeTARGETIN

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