luka quality assurance manual (eng) · the purpose of the luka quality assurance manual is to serve...

Luka Quality Assurance Manual (Eng)

Contents:

1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3

1.01 Foreword ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3

2. Quality assurance standards for air ducts .................................................................................................................................................... 4

A.1.00 Rectangular galvanised steel ducts ....................................................................................................................................................... 4

A.2.00 Embedded galvanised steel air ducts for residential buildings and floors equivalent to residential buildings ........................................ 13

A.3.00 Round galvanised steel ducts ............................................................................................................................................................... 20

B.1.00 Rectangular aluminium ducts .............................................................................................................................................................. 31

B.2.00 Round aluminium ducts ....................................................................................................................................................................... 41

C.1.00 Rectangular stainless steel ducts .......................................................................................................................................................... 51

C.2.00 Round stainless steel ducts .................................................................................................................................................................. 61

D.1.00 Rectangular plastic ducts ..................................................................................................................................................................... 72

D.2.00 Round plastic ducts ............................................................................................................................................................................. 81

E.1.00 Rectangular mineral wool ducts ........................................................................................................................................................... 86

F.1.00 Rectangular rigid foam ducts ................................................................................................................................................................ 92

G.1.00 Round flexible ducts, or hoses ........................................................................................................................................................... 100

G.2.00 Flexible aluminium hoses .................................................................................................................................................................. 102

G.3.00 Flexible aluminium foil hoses ............................................................................................................................................................ 103

G.4.00 Flexible plastic hoses ......................................................................................................................................................................... 104

H.1.00 Internal and external coating of air ducts .......................................................................................................................................... 105

I.1.00 Thermal insulation of rectangular and round air ducts ........................................................................................................................ 107

J.1.00 Fire-resistant insulation and sheathing of metal air ducts ................................................................................................................... 114

K.1.00 Internal cleaning of air ducts.............................................................................................................................................................. 123

L.1.00 Installation instructions ..................................................................................................................................................................... 125

M.1.00 Airtightness ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 173

3.01 Quality control ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 182

3.02 Quality guarantee ................................................................................................................................................................................ 183

3.03 External quality control by TÜV Rheinland Nederland BV ................................................................................................................ 184

3.04 Policy statement of members and associate members of LUKA ......................................................................................................... 185

3.05 Contract specifications ........................................................................................................................................................................ 186

1 General

1.01 Foreword

The purpose of the Luka Quality Assurance Manual is to serve as the basis for the quality attributes of the products

and services guaranteed by Luka members and associate members. It also gives a clear insight into the quality

philosophy of all the members, and the methodology of quality control by the independent institute TÜV Rheinland

Nederland BV, a partner of Luka. With this publication, Luka’s Environment and Technology Committee

(Commissie Milieu & Techniek: CMT) hopes to have again achieved extra added value for the HVAC sector. Luka

and those who assisted in compiling this manual have taken the greatest possible care with collecting, processing

and formulating the information contained in this manual. Nevertheless, the possibility cannot be excluded here that

this manual is incomplete or contains inaccuracies or errors. Therefore anyone who uses this manual and the

information stated therein personally accepts the risk of this. Luka and those who assisted in compiling this manual

exclude all liability for both damage that may result from the use of this information and damage that could arise as

a result of the omissions, inaccuracies or errors of this manual. No part of this manual may be reproduced and/or

transmitted in any form or by any means, printing, copying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the

board of Luka. The publication of this updated manual entails that the “May 2004” version is no longer applicable.

2. Quality assurance standards for air ducts

A.1.00 Rectangular galvanised steel ducts

A.1.01 sheet quality

For manufacturing galvanised air ducts, sheet steel of DX51 DZ 275 MAC quality, coated on both

sides with a zinc layer according to the Sendzimir process, shall be used. The layer thickness shall be

275 g/m2 for both sides, measured according to the trihedral test. Sheet quality / zinc quality shall be

in accordance with EN 10142, and tolerances shall be in accordance with EN 10143 (the zinc layer

having an average thickness of 20 microns on each side).

A.1.02 sheet thickness

Galvanised air ducts shall made in a sheet thickness that is dependent upon the largest duct side, as

specified below.

The air ducts shall be manufactured at this thickness to ensure sufficient rigidity against distortion and

to prevent disturbing vibrations.

Based on the largest duct side, the following apply as minimum sheet thicknesses:

A.1.03 transverse joints

For rectangular air ducts, various types of transverse joints can be used. These are company dependent,

the quality of the sheet material from which the joint profiles shall be formed at least satisfying the

requirements of the material from which the duct is manufactured.

These transverse joints can (depending on the company) be attached to the duct by rolling, or fastened

to the duct by means of projection welds, spot welds, screws or pop rivets. The transverse joints shall

be coupled with clips, slide plates or clamps at a maximum centre-to-centre distance of 500 mm (see

drawing). To provide airtightness, a closed-cell sealing tape shall be applied between the transverse

joints, the minimum dimensions being 18 x 4 mm (W x H) and all four corners being provided with

galvanised bolts and nuts of at least size M6 x 20.

If slide plates are used over the whole perimeter of the duct, the bolts and nuts at the corners may be

omitted. Where necessary, to provide airtightness, permanently plastic sealant shall be applied

internally or externally.

A.1.04 longitudinal joints

In principle, longitudinal joints between duct sections shall be made as a folded seam. Where

necessary, to provide airtightness, permanently plastic sealant shall be applied internally or externally.

A.1.05 reinforcements

Air ducts shall be made with a rigidity sufficient to prevent disturbing vibrations and distortion.

Assuming that the recommended minimum sheet thickness according to A.1.02 is used, this applies to

rectangular metal ducts when the largest side of the cross-section is ≤ 400 mm. Additional provisions

are required when this dimension is exceeded. The amount of the excess shall determine the necessary

provisions.

cross-breakings; crosswise embossments normally directed outwards;

corrugations or folds: usually made at right-angles to the longitudinal axis of the duct at a

mutual distance not exceeding 500mm.

For ducts with a side dimension > 800 mm, the previously mentioned provisions for the duct walls

apply, surfaces with an area greater than 1.5 m2 being additionally reinforced by partioning into

subsections not greater than 1 m2. These additional reinforcements shall be fitted internally or

externally in the form of strips, profiles, tubes or plates.

A.1.06 dimensions

The nominal dimensions of the air ducts shall be given in mm and refer to the inside dimensions with a

tolerance of +0 to -4 mm. The dimensions shall be standardised according to EN 1505 and can be

selected as indicated in the table of standard dimensions.

A.1.07 exposed ductwork

If a section of the air duct system in an air-conditioning installation is intended as “exposed ductwork”,

it shall be constructed as the rest of the ductwork, unless otherwise specified. When ductwork is

intended as exposed ductwork, external stickers and labelling shall be removed, while the required

airtightness shall be obtained by internal application of sealant. Additional measures in the context of

exposed ductwork are not normally included in the standard construction.

A.1.08 bends

A.1.08.1 symmetrical bends

In principle, symmetrical bends have a round shape, i.e. with an inside and an outside radius; the inside

radius shall be at least 100 mm. (For floor or wall openings where there is no room for an inside

radius, a right-angled inside bend shall be used.) To limit the friction in a bend, the bends shall be

provided with vanes. Vanes are not required in the following cases:

a bend of 45° or less; a duct with a width of 400 mm or less.

The vanes shall be positioned according to the following table.

A.1.08.2 reducing bends

In the case of reducing bends, the smallest duct width shall determine the number of vanes according

to the above table. The ratio for the position of the vanes at the largest duct width is then equal to the

ratio for the vanes at the smallest duct width.

A.1.08.3 construction of vanes

Vanes shall be made of single-thickness sheet. The sheet material shall be the same as that used for the

duct. The construction and fastening shall be of sufficient strength, and the ends of the vanes shall be

reinforced.

A.1.09 reducing couplings

Reducing couplings shall be made in such a way that the upper angle α may in principle be 60°

maximum.

A.1.10 branches

A branch (a take-off in an ongoing section of main duct) can be made by means of a fitting, either

rectangular or round. Technical aspects of air flow design co-determine the type, as shown in the

drawings below.

A.1.11 forks

A fork is a subdivision of a main duct into two ongoing ducts.

Examples of forks are:

A.1.12 adjustable dampers

Adjustable dampers serve for the regulation of an installation and shall be

made manually adjustable. They shall be provided with a reliable

securing device, which also shows the damper setting. The damper blade,

made of the same material as the air duct, shall be made of single-

thickness sheet with a thickness of at least 1.25 mm, a maximum blade

width (B) of 500 mm and a maximum surface area of 0.25 m2. The edges

of the damper blades shall be rounded and reinforced parallel to the axis.

A.1.13 tolerances

The maximum tolerance for the length of a straight duct is ±0.005 x L.

The tolerance for the rectangular dimensions is +0 to -4 mm.

The maximum tolerance for angles is ± 2°.

A.2.00 Embedded galvanised steel air ducts for

residential buildings and floors equivalent to

residential buildings

(intended for embedding in the concrete floor)


For manufacturing galvanised air ducts, sheet steel of minimum DX51 D 150 MAC quality, coated on

both sides with a zinc layer according to the Sendzimir process, shall be used. The layer thickness shall

be 150 g/m2 for both sides, measured according to the trihedral test. Sheet quality / zinc quality shall be

in accordance with EN 10142, and tolerances shall be in accordance with EN 10143 (the zinc layer

having an average thickness of approx. 10 microns on each side).


Galvanised air ducts shall be made in a sheet thickness that is dependent upon the largest duct side. The

embedded air ducts with the dimensions 170 x 70 and 170 x 80 shall be made in a sheet thickness of 0.5

mm, and with the dimensions 200 x 80 and 220 x 80 in a sheet thickness of 0.6 mm.

Other sizes can be made on a customer-specific basis.

A.2.03 transverse joints

For rectangular embedded ducts, the transverse joints shall be made as a slide joint, using a coupling or

sleeve.

This joint shall be fixed using self-tapping screws or where possible with spot welds and then finished

with tape, in such a way that no water or cement can enter the air duct.

A.2.04 longitudinal joints

In principle, longitudinal joints shall be made as a seam weld, folded seam or spot weld.

Where necessary, to provide airtightness, permanently plastic sealant shall be applied internally or

externally.

A.2.05 dimensions

The ducts shall be made in the following dimensions: 170 x 70 mm, 170 x 80 mm, 200 x 80 mm, 220 x

80 mm.

A.2.06 various types of rectangular embedded ducts

A.2.06.1 straight duct

The straight ducts shall be supplied in standard lengths of 3 m.

A.2.06.2 bends

Bends shall be supplied in standard implementations as 90° or 45° bend and shall be streamlined.

A.2.06.3 coupling or sleeve

Couplings or sleeves shall be supplied in standard lengths of 80, 100, 125, 200, 300 or 600 mm,

depending on the supplier. Sleeves that are longer than 80 mm are also called connectors.

A.2.06.4 end cover

End covers shall be supplied in all the standard sizes stated above.

A.2.06.5 T-pieces

T-pieces shall be supplied with a minimum inside radius of 100 mm.

A.2.06.6 right-angled side fitting

Using a right-angled side fitting, a T-piece with 90° internal angles can be constructed by making an

opening in a straight duct the same size as the side fitting. This is then attached to the straight duct by

means of self-tapping screws (with a maximum length of 13mm), after which the joint is covered with

tape or made airtight with sealant. The side fitting can also be attached at 45°.

A.2.06.7 round connecting collar or round flanged connector

These shall be supplied with inside diameters Ø 80, Ø 100, Ø 125, Ø 150, Ø 160, Ø 180 and Ø 200,

with a length that depends on the supplier and on the floor thickness. These connections can also be

made at 45°.

A.2.06.8 rectangular saddle on round tube (saddle piece)

Rectangular saddles shall be supplied for a round tube Ø 180 through to Ø 500.

The branch dimensions are: 170 x 70, 170 x 80, 200 x 80 and 220 x 80.

A.2.06.9 bevel angle

These are straight duct sections with a cut-off angle on the side of the cover, provided with a round

connecting mouth. The bevel angle shall be available as a left, right or symmetrical type, with a

connecting mouth of Ø 125, Ø 150, Ø 160 or Ø 180 connection.

A.2.06.10 reducing couplings

Reducing couplings shall be made in such a way that the upper angle may in principle be 45° maximum.

These reducing couplings can be made as rectangular to round, or rectangular to rectangular.

A.2.07 tolerances



The maximum tolerance for angles is ±2°.

A.2.08 installation

The embedded ducts shall be secured on the concrete floor in such a way that the duct sections cannot

start to float when the concrete is poured. This shall usually be done with perforated support strapping

that goes round the duct and is fastened to the concrete on both sides using nail plugs. There are several

methods for sufficiently fastening the embedded duct, but the duct must be fixed at least every 2 metres.

It also often occurs that the ducts that are to be embedded are delivered prefabricated to the construction

site. Dented and bent ducts must not be installed. All apertures must be closed by means of plastic caps

(mortar covers).

The construction contractor shall be responsible for ensuring that the openings are sufficiently supported

to prevent the duct flanged connectors from sagging.

A.2.09 round air ducts (for embedding in concrete floor)

See section A3.00 “Round galvanised steel ducts”.

In supplementation of section A3.00, in residential buildings use is also often made of so-called “pleated

bends”.

These bends shall be available in diameters Ø 80, 100, 125, 150, 160, 180 and 200 mm.

The available angles shall be: 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90º.

The material, thicknesses, tolerances etc. shall be the same as for the pressed bends, as stated in section

A3.00.

In addition, in the case of embedded ducts, so-called embedded pots are used. These are mainly used to

make a transition from a horizontal duct (Ø 80 mm) in the floor to a vertical branch in the room, for the

purpose of e.g. connecting an exhaust and/or supply vent in the room concerned.

The available diameters shall be: Ø 100 and 125 mm. The branch diameter shall be Ø 80 mm. This

branch can be made either single or double. Dimensions, thicknesses, material etc. shall be as stated in

section A3.00.

Remark:

Ducts that are not embedded in the concrete are subject to the data, requirements etc. stated elsewhere in

this Manual.

A.2.10 airtightness

The airtightness of the embedded ducts must comply with Airtightness Class C.

In the case of embedded ducts in residential buildings, if required, the system shall be pressure tested

before the concrete is poured, regardless of the number of m². This contrasts with what is stated in the

section “Airtightness” elsewhere in this Manual. Because these ducts are embedded in concrete, the

joints and the embedded duct itself must be leak-tight to cement water. After being embedded, the ducts

are incorporated in the concrete floor, and shall be deemed to be airtight.

If higher requirements of airtightness of the duct system are imposed (e.g. for reasons of energy saving),

these must be explicitly stated in the specifications, so that the construction of the air duct system can be

adjusted accordingly.

The contract specifications can then read as follows:

All the supplied air ducts, accessories and hoses must comply with their respective EN standards. The

complete air flow path, both supply and exhaust, between the air-conditioning unit and the grilles (i.e.

including the grille plenums, if present) must be supplied and installed in accordance with the quality

and execution standards laid down in the Luka Quality Assurance Manual, digital edition 2014, in

compliance with Airtightness Class C as a minimum..

The airtightness must be tested and demonstrated by means of a leakage test report.

The quality and execution of the air flow path must be satisfactorily demonstrated to the construction

site management, and confirmed by means of a certificate.

A.3.00 Round galvanised steel ducts


For manufacturing galvanised air ducts, sheet steel of minimum DX51 DZ 275

MAC quality, coated on both sides with a zinc layer according to the Sendzimir

process, shall be used. The layer thickness shall be 275 g/m² for both sides,

measured according to the trihedral test. Sheet quality / zinc quality shall be in

accordance with EN 10142, and tolerances shall be in accordance with EN 10143

(the zinc layer having an average thickness of approx. 20 microns on each side).


A.3.02.1 tubes

Galvanised air ducts shall be made in a sheet thickness that is dependent upon the

diameter, as specified below.

Based on the diameter, the following apply as minimum sheet thicknesses in

standard implementations:

A.3.02.2 fittings

Fittings shall be made in a sheet thickness that is dependent upon the diameter.

Based on the diameter, the following apply as minimum sheet thicknesses in

standard implementations:

A.3.03 joints in tubes

The joints in the spiral-wound strip shall be made as a flat folded seam, providing

sufficient rigidity and airtightness.

A.3.04 joints in fittings

The seam joints in fittings shall be made in such a way that sufficient rigidity and

airtightness are obtained. These joints shall be made by welding or folding.

Any damage to the zinc layer that may result in rust must be carefully coated with

a corrosion-resistant paint.

A.3.05 tube length

Tubes shall be supplied in standard lengths of 3000 or 6000 mm. For technical

reasons, tube lengths shall in principle be not less than the tube diameter, with a

minimum length of 300 mm.

A.3.06 diameters

The tubes shall be made in standard diameters according to EN 1506, namely 63 -

80 - 100 - 125 - 160 - 200 - 250 - 315 - 400 - 500 - 630 - 800 - 1000 and 1250

mm. Additional sizes stated in EN 1506 are: 150 - 300 - 355 - 450 - 560 - 710 -

900 - 1120 mm.

A.3.07 bends

With the exception of diameters of 63 and 80 mm, for which the curve radius shall

be 100 mm, the shape of bends shall normally be determined by a radius,

measured across the centre of the bend, that is equal to the tube diameter.

Standard bends shall have angles of 15°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90° in pressed or

segmented construction with a tolerance of ±2°.

Segmented bends ≥45° shall consist of at least 3 segments.

A.3.08 reducing couplings

Reducing couplings may be either symmetrical or asymmetrical, with an upper

angle of minimum 15° and maximum 60°. Pressed reducing couplings may have a

maximum upper angle of 90°. Symmetrical reducing couplings shall be used as

standard.

A.3.09 branches

A branch (a take-off in an ongoing section of main duct) can be made

by means of a:

saddle piece, in combination with a straight tube; T-piece, as a complete fitting; 4-way coupling, as a complete fitting;

and can be implemented as standard at an angle of 90° or 45°. For

technical reasons, angles < 45° should be avoided.

A.3.10 forks


breech (Y-piece); inverted T-piece.

If a breech is used, the fork can be made at an angle α = 90° or 60°. If an

inverted T-piece is used, the fork can be made at an angle α = 180°.

A.3.11 coupling pieces

These are used as standard in:

- joints between adjacent tubes; This fitting, made of the same material as the tubes and provided with a buffer edge, creates an internal joint.

- joints between adjacent fittings; This fitting, made of the same material as the tubes, is of smooth construction and creates an external joint.

The insert length of the fittings shall be based on EN 1506. For overlaps, the

following minimum lengths shall apply:

The joints shall be fixed using self-tapping screws and finished with:

tape with synthetic rubber mass (= self-vulcanising shrink tape); PVC tape: only for exhaust ducts; aluminium tape: only for exhaust ducts; linen tape: only for exhaust ducts; reinforced PE tape with acrylic adhesive mass; 2-component strip

These tapes must be applied in accordance with the supplier’s recommendations.

When round fittings with a rubber seal (so-called “Safe”) are used, the finishing

with tape shall normally be omitted in the case of once-only installation.

A.3.12 adjustable dampers

Adjustable dampers serve for the regulation of an installation and shall be made

manually adjustable. They shall be provided with a reliable securing device,

which also shows the damper setting. For surface areas up to 0.3 m2, the damper

blade, made of the same material as the air duct, shall be made of single-

thickness sheet. If the surface area is greater, the blade shall either be made of

double-thickness sheet or be reinforced. The dampers shall be provided with

reliable and airtight bearings.

Perforated damper blades should be avoided.

A 3.13 end covers

Covers shall be made of the same material as the tubes.

A.3.14 tolerances

The maximum tolerance for the length of a duct is ±0.005 x L.

The tolerance for the diameters is specified in the adjacent table.


B.1.00 Rectangular aluminium ducts

B.1.01 sheet quality

For manufacturing rectangular aluminium air ducts, sheet material of Al 99.5 /

EN AW 1050A quality shall generally be used. For specific applications,

seawater-resistant aluminium of AlMg3 / EN AW 5754 quality can be used.

B.1.02 sheet thickness

Aluminium air ducts shall be made in a sheet thickness that is dependent upon

the largest duct side. The air ducts shall be manufactured at this thickness to

ensure sufficient rigidity against distortion and to prevent disturbing vibrations.

Based on the largest duct side, the following apply as minimum sheet

thicknesses:

For technical reasons, thicknesses greater than 1.50 mm shall be avoided.

B.1.03 transverse joints

For rectangular air ducts, various types of transverse joints can be used. These

are company dependent, the quality of the sheet material from which the joint

profiles shall be formed at least satisfying the requirements of the material from

which the duct is manufactured.

These transverse joints can (depending on the company) be attached to the duct

by rolling, or fastened to the duct by means of projection welds, spot welds,

screws or pop rivets.

The transverse joints shall be coupled with clips, slide plates or clamps at a

maximum centre-to-centre distance of 500 mm (see drawing). These fasteners

shall be made of aluminium / stainless steel.

To provide airtightness, a closed-cell sealing tape shall be applied between the

transverse joints, the minimum dimensions being 18 x 4 mm (W x H) and all

four corners being provided with stainless steel bolts and nuts of at least size M6

x 20.

If slide plates are used over the whole perimeter of the duct, the bolts and nuts at

the corners may be omitted. Where necessary, to provide airtightness,

permanently plastic sealant shall be applied internally or externally.

B.1.04 longitudinal joints

In principle, longitudinal joints between duct sections shall be made as a folded

seam. Where necessary, to provide airtightness, permanently plastic sealant shall

be applied internally or externally.

B.1.05 reinforcements

Air ducts shall be made with a rigidity sufficient to prevent disturbing vibrations

and distortion. Assuming that the recommended minimum sheet thickness

according to B.1.02 is used, this applies to rectangular aluminium ducts when

the largest side of the cross-section is ≤ 400 mm. Additional provisions are

required when this dimension is exceeded. The amount of the excess shall

determine the necessary provisions. For ducts with a side dimension of > 400

mm to ≤ 800 mm, the duct walls shall be made as follows:

cross-breakings: crosswise embossments normally directed outwards; corrugations or folds: usually made at right-angles to the longitudinal axis of

the duct at a mutual distance not exceeding 500 mm.

For ducts with a side dimension > 800 mm, the previously mentioned provisions

for the duct walls apply, surfaces with an area greater than 1.5 m2 being

additionally reinforced by partitioning into subsections not greater than 1 m2.

These additional reinforcements shall be fitted internally or externally in the

form of strips, profiles, tubes or plates.

B.1.06 dimensions

The nominal dimensions of the air ducts shall be given in mm and refer to the

inside dimensions with a tolerance of +0 to -4 mm. The dimensions shall be

standardised according to EN 1505 and can be selected as indicated in the table

of standard dimensions.

B.1.07 exposed ductwork

If a section of the air duct system in an air-conditioning installation is intended

as "exposed ductwork", it shall be constructed as the rest of the ductwork, unless

otherwise specified. When ductwork is intended as exposed ductwork, external

stickers and labelling shall be removed, while the required airtightness shall be

obtained by internal application of sealant. Additional measures in the context of


B.1.08 bends

B.1.08.1 symmetrical bends

In principle, symmetrical bends have a round shape, i.e. with an inside and an

outside radius; the inside radius shall be at least 100 mm. (For floor or wall

openings where there is no room for an inside radius, a right-angled inside bend

can be used.) To limit the friction in a bend, the bends shall be provided with

vanes.

Vanes are not required in the following cases:

a bend of 45° or less; duct with a width of 400 mm or less.


B.1.08.2 reducing bends

In the case of reducing bends, the smallest duct width shall determine the

number of vanes according to the above table. The ratio for the position of the

vanes at the largest duct width is then equal to the ratio for the vanes at the

smallest duct width.

B.1.08.3 construction of vanes

Vanes shall be made of single-thickness sheet. The sheet material shall be the

same as that used for the duct. The construction and fastening shall be of

sufficient strength, and the ends of the vanes shall be reinforced.

B.1.09 reducing couplings

Reducing couplings shall be made in such a way that the upper angle α may in

principle be 60° maximum.

B.1.10 branches

A branch (a take-off in an ongoing section of main duct) can be made by means

of a fitting, either rectangular or round. Technical aspects of air flow design co-

determine the type, as shown in the drawings below.

B.1.11 forks



B.1.12 adjustable dampers

Adjustable dampers serve for the regulation of an installation and shall be made manually adjustable. They shall be

provided with a reliable securing device, which also shows the damper setting. The damper blade, made of the same

material as the air duct, shall be made of single-thickness sheet with a thickness of at least 1.25 mm, a maximum

blade width (B) of 500 mm and a maximum surface area of 0.25 m2. The edges of the damper blades shall be

rounded and reinforced parallel to the axis.

B.1.13 tolerances




B.2.00 Round aluminium ducts

B.2.01 sheet quality

For manufacturing round aluminium air ducts, sheet material of

AlMg3 / EN AW 5754 Mill Finish quality according to EN 573/485

shall be used.

B.2.02 sheet thickness

B.2.02.1 tubes

Aluminium air ducts shall be made in a sheet thickness that is

dependent upon the diameter, as specified below.

Based on the diameter, the following apply as minimum sheet

thicknesses in standard implementations::

B.2.02.2 fittings

Fittings shall be made in a sheet thickness that is dependent upon the

diameter.

Based on the diameter, the following apply as minimum sheet

thicknesses in standard implementations:

B.2.03 joints in tubes

The joints in the spiral-wound strip shall be made as a flat folded

seam, providing sufficient rigidity and airtightness.

B.2.04 joints in fittings

The seam joints in fittings shall be made in such a way that sufficient

rigidity and airtightness are obtained. These joints shall be made by

welding or folding.

B.2.05 tube length

Tubes shall be supplied in standard lengths of 3000 or 6000 mm. For

technical reasons, tube lengths shall in principle be not less than the

tube diameter, with a minimum length of 300 mm.

B.2.06 diameters

The tubes shall be made in standard diameters according to EN 1506,

namely 63 - 80 - 100 - 125 - 160 - 200 - 250 - 315 - 400 - 500 - 630 -

800 - 1000 and 1250 mm. Additional sizes stated in EN 1506 are: 150

- 300 - 355 - 450 - 560 - 710 - 900 - 1120 mm.

B.2.07 bends

With the exception of diameters of 63 and 80 mm, for which the

curve radius shall be 100 mm, the shape of bends shall normally be

determined by a radius, measured across the centre of the bend, that is

equal to the tube diameter. Standard bends shall have angles of 15°,

30°, 45°, 60° and 90° in segmented construction with a tolerance of

±2°. Segmented bends of 45° shall consist of at least 3 segments.

B.2.08 reducing couplings

Reducing couplings may be either symmetrical or asymmetrical, with

an upper angle of minimum 15° and maximum 60°. Pressed reducing

couplings may have a maximum upper angle of 90°. Symmetrical

reducing couplings shall be used as standard.

B.2.09 branches


by means of a:


and can be implemented as standard at an angle of 90° or 45°. For

technical reasons, angles < 45° should be avoided.

B.2.10 forks

A fork is a subdivision of a main duct into two ongoing ducts. It can

be made by means of a:


If a breech is used, the fork can be made at an angle α = 90° or 60°. If

an inverted T-piece is used, the fork can be made at an angle α =

180°.

B.2.11 coupling pieces


joints between adjacent tubes; This fitting, made of the same material as the tubes and provided with a buffer edge, creates an internal joint.

joints between adjacent fittings; This fitting, made of the same material as the tubes, is of smooth construction and creates an external joint.

The insert length of the fittings shall be based on EN 1506. For

overlaps, the following minimum lengths shall apply:/p>


tape with synthetic rubber mass (= self-vulcanising shrink tape); PVC tape: only for exhaust ducts; aluminium tape: only for exhaust ducts; linen tape: only for exhaust ducts; reinforced PE tape with acrylic adhesive mass; 2-component strip.

These tapes must be applied in accordance with the supplier’s

recommendations.

When round fittings with a rubber seal (so-called “Safe”) are used,

the finishing with tape shall normally be omitted in the case of once-

only installation.

B.2.12 adjustable dampers

Adjustable dampers serve for the regulation of an installation and

shall be made manually adjustable. They shall be provided with a

reliable securing device, which also shows the damper setting. For

surface areas up to 0.3 m2, the damper blade, made of the same

material as the air duct, shall be made of single-thickness sheet. If the

surface area is greater, the blade shall either be made of double-

thickness sheet or be reinforced. The dampers shall be provided with

reliable and airtight bearings.


B.2.13 end covers


B.2.14 tolerances




C.1.00 Rectangular stainless steel ducts

C.1.01 sheet quality

For manufacturing rectangular stainless steel air ducts, sheet of X 5 CrNi-18-10-1.4301

quality according to EN 10088-2 (AISI 304) shall generally be used. For specific

applications, stainless steel of X 5 CrNi-18-10-1.4404 quality according to EN 10088-2

(AISI 316) can be used.

C.1.02 sheet thickness

Stainless steel air ducts shall be made in a sheet thickness that is dependent upon the

largest duct side, as specified below. The air ducts shall be manufactured at this thickness

to ensure sufficient rigidity against distortion and to prevent disturbing vibrations. Based

on the largest duct side, the following apply as minimum sheet thicknesses:

For technical reasons, thicknesses greater than 1.00 mm shall be avoided.

C.1.03 transverse joints

For rectangular air ducts, various types of transverse joints can be used. These are

company dependent, the quality of the sheet material from which the joint profiles shall

be formed at least satisfying the requirements of the material from which the duct is

manufactured.

These transverse joints can (depending on the company) be attached to the duct by

rolling, or fastened to the duct by means of projection welds, spot welds, screws or pop

rivets.

The transverse joints shall be coupled with clips, slide plates or clamps at a maximum

centre-to-centre distance of 500 mm (see drawing). These fasteners shall be made of

stainless steel. To provide airtightness, a closed-cell sealing tape shall be applied between

the transverse joints, the minimum dimensions being 18 x 4 mm (W x H) and all four

corners being provided with stainless steel bolts and nuts of at least size M6 x 20. If slide

plates are used over the whole perimeter of the duct, the bolts and nuts at the corners may

be omitted. Where necessary, to provide airtightness, permanently plastic sealant shall be

applied internally or externally.

C.1.04 longitudinal joints

In principle, longitudinal joints between duct sections shall be made as a folded seam.

Where necessary, to provide airtightness, permanently plastic sealant shall be applied

internally or externally.

C.1.05 reinforcements

Air ducts shall be made with a rigidity sufficient to prevent disturbing vibrations and

distortion. Assuming that the recommended minimum sheet thickness according to

C.1.02 is used, this applies to rectangular metal ducts when the largest side of the cross-

section is ≤ 400 mm. Additional provisions are required when this dimension is exceeded.

The amount of the excess shall determine the necessary provisions..

For ducts with a side dimension of > 400 mm to ≤ 800 mm, the duct walls shall be made

as follows:

- cross-breakings: crosswise embossments normally directed outwards;

- corrugations or folds: usually made at right-angles to the longitudinal axis of the duct at

a mutual distance not exceeding 500 mm.

For ducts with a side dimension > 800 mm, the previously mentioned provisions for the

duct walls apply, surfaces with an area greater than 1.5 m2 being additionally reinforced

by partitioning into subsections not greater than 1 m2. These additional reinforcements

shall be fitted internally or externally in the form of strips, profiles, tubes or plates.

C.1.06 dimensions

The nominal dimensions of the air ducts shall be given in mm and refer to the inside

dimensions with a tolerance of +0 to -4 mm. The dimensions shall be standardised

according to EN 1505 and can be selected as indicated in the table of standard

dimensions.

C.1.07 exposed ductwork

If a section of the air duct system in an air-conditioning installation is intended as

“exposed ductwork”, it shall be constructed as the rest of the ductwork, unless otherwise

specified. When ductwork is intended as exposed ductwork, external stickers and

labelling shall be removed, while the required airtightness shall be obtained by internal

application of sealant. Additional measures in the context of exposed ductwork are not

normally included in the standard construction.

C.1.08 bends

C.1.08.1 symmetrical bends

In principle, symmetrical bends have a round shape, i.e. with an inside and an outside

radius; the inside radius shall be at least 100 mm. (For floor or wall openings where there

is no room for an inside radius, a right-angled inside bend can be used.) To limit the

friction in a bend, the bends shall be provided with vanes.Vanes are not required in the

following cases:

- a bend of 45° or less;

- a duct with a width of 400 mm or less.


C.1.08.2 reducing bends

In the case of reducing bends, the smallest duct width shall determine the number of

vanes according to the above table. The ratio for the position of the vanes at the largest

duct width is then equal to the ratio for the vanes at the smallest duct width.

C.1.8.3 construction of vanes

Vanes shall be made of single-thickness sheet. The sheet material shall be the same as

that used for the duct. The construction and fastening shall be of sufficient strength, and

the ends of the vanes shall be reinforced.

C.1.09 reducing couplings

VReducing couplings shall be made in such a way that the upper angle α may in principle

be 60° maximum.

C.1.10 branches

A branch (a take-off in an ongoing section of main duct) can be made by means of a

streamlined fitting, either rectangular or round. Technical aspects of air flow design co-

determine the type, as shown in the drawings below.

C.1.11 forks



C.1.12 adjustable dampers

Adjustable dampers serve for the regulation of an installation and shall be made manually adjustable. They shall be

provided with a reliable securing device, which also shows the damper setting. The damper blade, made of the same

material as the air duct, shall be made of single-thickness sheet with a thickness of at least 1.25 mm, a maximum

blade width (B) of 500 mm and a maximum surface area of 0.25 m2. The edges of the damper blades shall be

rounded and reinforced parallel to the axis.

C.1.13 tolerances




C.2.00 Round stainless steel ducts

C.2.01 sheet quality

For manufacturing round stainless steel air ducts, sheet steel of X 5 CrNi-18-10-

1.4301 quality according to EN 10088 (AISI 304) shall be used. For specific

applications, stainless steel of X 5 CrNi-18-10-1.4404 quality according to EN

10088-2 (AISI 316) can be used.

C.2.02 sheet thickness

C.2.02.1 tubes

The stainless steel air ducts shall be made in a sheet thickness that is dependent

upon the diameter, as specified below. Based on the diameter, the following apply

as minimum sheet thicknesses in standard implementations:

C.2.02.2 fittings

Stainless steel fittings shall be made in a minimum sheet thickness of 0.6 mm.

C.2.03 joints in tubes

The joints in the spiral-wound strip shall be made as a flat folded seam, providing

sufficient rigidity and airtightness.

C.2.04 joints in fittings

The seam joints in fittings shall be made in such a way that sufficient rigidity and

airtightness are obtained. These joints shall be made by welding or folding.

C.2.05 tube length

Tubes shall be supplied in standard lengths of 3000 or 6000 mm. For technical

reasons, tube lengths shall in principle be not less than the tube diameter, with a

minimum length of 300 mm.

C.2.06 diameters

The tubes shall be made in standard diameters according to EN 1506, namely 63 -

80 - 100 - 125 - 160 - 200 - 250 - 315 - 400 - 500 - 630 - 800 - 1000 and 1250

mm. Additional sizes stated in EN 1506 are: 150 - 300 - 355 - 450 - 560 - 710 -

900 - 1120 mm.

C.2.07 bends

With the exception of diameters of 63 and 80 mm, for which the curve radius shall

be 100 mm, the shape of bends shall normally be determined by a radius,

measured across the centre of the bend, that is equal to the tube diameter.

Standard bends shall have angles of 15°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90° in segmented

construction with a tolerance of ±2°. Segmented bends of 45° shall consist of at

least 3 segments.

C.2.08 reducing couplings

Reducing couplings may be either symmetrical or asymmetrical, with an upper

angle of minimum 15° and maximum 60°. Pressed reducing couplings may have a

maximum upper angle of 90°. Symmetrical reducing couplings shall be used as

standard.

C.2.09 branches


by means of a:


and can be implemented as standard at an angle of 90° or 45°.

For technical reasons, angles < 45° should be avoided.

C.2.10 forks


It can be made by means of a:


If a breech is used, the fork can be made at an angle α = 90° or 60°.

If an inverted T-piece is used, the fork can be made at an angle α =

180°.

C.2.11 coupling pieces


joints between adjacent tubes; This fitting, made of the same material as the tubes and provided with a buffer edge, creates an internal joint. .

joints between adjacent fittings; This fitting, made of the same material as the tubes, is of smooth construction and creates an external joint.

The insert length of the fittings shall be based on EN 1506.

For overlaps, the following minimum lengths shall apply:


tape with synthetic rubber mass (= self-vulcanising shrink tape); PVC tape: only for exhaust ducts; aluminium tape: only for exhaust ducts; linen tape: only for exhaust ducts; reinforced PE tape with acrylic adhesive mass;; 2-component strip.

These tapes must be applied in accordance with the supplier’s

recommendations.

When round fittings with a rubber seal (so-called “Safe”) are used,

the finishing with tape shall normally be omitted in the case of once-

only installation.

C.2.12 adjustable dampers



reliable securing device, which also shows the damper setting. For

surface areas up to 0.3 m2, the damper blade, made of the same

material as the air duct, shall be made of single-thickness sheet.

The dampers shall be provided with reliable and airtight bearings.


C.2.13 end covers


C.2.14 tolerances




D.1.00 Rectangular plastic ducts

D.1.01 sheet quality

Durable and reliable air ducts are essential. Plastics score well in terms of these 2

criteria, and are therefore also highly suitable for ventilation applications.

The following plastics are appropriate for the manufacture of air ducts: PVC, PVC-C,

HDPE, PP and PP-S. These plastics are chemical- and corrosion-resistant. They are

therefore also appropriate for the extraction of aggressive vapours and steam. In

addition, they are maintenance-free and guarantee long life.

PVCPVC is highly suitable for corrosive and aggressive conditions. It is processed by

means of glue bonding or hot gas welding.

PVC-C: PVC-C has high chemical resistance and a better temperature resistance than

PVC. It is usually processed by means of glue bonding.

HDPE: HDPE is an inert material that is highly resistant to abrasive and corrosive

substances. HDPE has a very smooth surface and is fairly impact-resistant. It is

usually processed by means of welding.

PP en PP-S: The PP tubing for industrial purposes is supplied in a light grey-beige

colour RAL 7032. Thin-wall PP tubes are used for low-pressure ventilation

applications. PP-S is a low-combustibility polypropylene with self-extinguishing

properties. The colour of these tubes is grey RAL 7037.

These plastics are usually processed by means of welding.

D.1.02 wall thickness

Plastic air ducts shall be made in a wall thickness that is dependent upon the largest

duct side, as specified below. The air ducts shall be manufactured at this thickness to

ensure sufficient rigidity against distortion. Based on the largest duct side, the

following apply as minimum wall thicknesses:

D.1.03 joints

The various plastics shall be joined in the following ways:

PVC: glue bonded, welded or mechanically joined; PVC-C: glue bonded or mechanically joined; HDPE: welded or mechanically joined; PP: welded or mechanically joined; PP-S: welded or mechanically joined.

D.1.04 transverse joints

Transverse joints in adjacent air ducts shall be made by means of flanges formed from

strip material or angle sections. The flanges shall be securely fastened to the ducts.

The quality and thickness shall satisfy the same requirements as the material from

which the duct is manufactured. Adjacent sections shall be connected with fasteners

and sealing tape that are sufficiently chemical-resistant and provide sufficient

airtightness. In all cases, transverse joints that are made internally by means of

coupling pieces shall be welded. External coupling pieces shall always be welded if PP

or HDPE is used, and shall also be glue bonded if PVC-C is used. If the duct side is

600 mm or greater, internal reinforcements shall also be fitted. Adjacent transverse

joints shall be welded using expansion sleeves of soft PVC.

D.1.05 longitudinal joints

In principle, longitudinal joints between duct sections shall be welded.

D.1.06 reinforcements

Air ducts shall be made with a rigidity sufficient to prevent distortion. Assuming that

the recommended minimum wall thickness according to D.1.02 is used, duct surfaces

and duct sections with a width > 300m shall be reinforced. For ducts with a width >

600 mm, surfaces with an area greater than 1 m2 shall be additionally reinforced using

externally or internally welded strips, or round spacer sleeves made from plastic

conforming to the same specifications shall be fitted in the duct sections. For ducts

with a width greater than 1000 mm, surfaces with an area greater than 0.7 m2 shall

also be additionally reinforced.

D.1.07 types

For the possible types of plastic air ducts, see D.1.01. It is important that the choice of

the material is made in consultation with the supplier.

D.1.08 dimensions

The nominal dimensions of the air ducts shall be given in mm and refer to the outside

dimensions with a tolerance of ±2 mm up to and including a side length of 1000 mm.

The dimensions shall be standardised as for the dimensions of rectangular metal ducts.

D.1.09 exposed ductwork

If a section of the air duct system in an air-conditioning installation is intended as

“exposed ductwork”, it shall be constructed as the rest of the ductwork, unless

otherwise specified. When ductwork is intended as exposed ductwork, external

stickers and labelling shall be removed, while the required airtightness shall be

obtained by internal application of sealant. Additional measures in the context of


D.1.10 bends

D.1.10.1 symmetrical bends

In principle, symmetrical bends have a round shape, i.e. with an inside and an outside

radius; the inside radius shall be at least 100 mm. (For floor or wall openings where

there is no room for an inside radius, a right-angled inside bend may be used.) To limit

the friction in a bend, the bends shall be provided with vanes. Vanes are not required

in the following cases:

a bend of 45° or less; a duct with a width of 400 mm or less.


D.1.10.2 reducing bends

In the case of reducing bends, the smallest duct width shall determine the number of

vanes, in accordance with the above table. The ratio for the position of the vanes at the

largest duct width is then equal to the ratio for the vanes at the smallest duct width.

D.1.10.3 construction of vanes

Vanes shall be made of single-thickness sheet. The sheet material shall be the same as

that used for the duct. The construction and fastening shall be of sufficient strength.

D.1.11 reducing couplings

Reducing couplings shall be made in such a way that the upper angle α may in

principle be 60° maximum.

D.1.12 branches

A branch (a take-off in an ongoing section of main duct) can be made by means of a

streamlined fitting, either rectangular or round. Technical aspects of air flow design

co-determine the type, as shown in the drawings below.

D.1.13 forks



D.1.14 adjustable dampers

Adjustable dampers serve for the regulation of an installation and shall be made manually adjustable. They shall be provided with a reliable securing device, which also shows the

damper setting. The damper blade, made of the same material as the air duct, shall be made of single-thickness sheet with a thickness of at least 4 mm, a maximum blade width (B) of

400 mm and a maximum surface area of 0.20 m2.

D.1.15 smoke development, fire propagation and combustibility

PVC: low combustibility, self-extinguishing in accordance with DIN 4102/Class B1

PVC-C: low combustibility, self-extinguishing in accordance with DIN 4102/Class B1

HDPE: normal combustibility, non-self-extinguishing in accordance with DIN 4102/Class B2

PP: normal combustibility, non-self-extinguishing in accordance with DIN 4102/Class B2

PP-S: low combustibility, self-extinguishing in accordance with DIN 4102/Class B1

D.1.16 operating temperature

The maximum operating temperature for PVC ducts is 60ºC..

The maximum operating temperature for PVC-C ducts is 90ºC.

The maximum operating temperature for HDPE ducts is 70ºC.

The maximum operating temperature for PP ducts is 100ºC.

The maximum operating temperature for PP-S ducts is 100ºC.

D.2.00 Round plastic ducts

D.2.01 sheet quality

Durable and reliable air ducts are essential. Plastics score well in terms of these 2 criteria, and are therefore also highly suitable for ventilation applications. The following plastics are

appropriate for the manufacture of air ducts: PVC, PVC-C, HDPE, PP and PP-S. These plastics are chemical- and corrosion-resistant. They are therefore also appropriate for the

extraction of aggressive vapours and steam. In addition, they are maintenance-free and guarantee long life.

PVC: PVC is highly suitable for corrosive and aggressive conditions. The colour of PVC tubes is grey RAL 7011. PVC is processed by means of glue bonding or hot gas welding.

PVC-C: PVC-C has high chemical resistance and a better temperature resistance than PVC. It is usually processed by means of glue bonding.

HDPE:HDPE is an inert material that is highly resistant to abrasive and corrosive substances. HDPE has a very smooth surface and is fairly impact-resistant. It is usually processed by

means of welding.

PP en PP-S:The PP tubing for industrial purposes is supplied in a light grey-beige colour RAL 7032. Thin-wall PP tubes are used for low-pressure ventilation applications. PP-S is a

low-combustibility polypropylene with self-extinguishing properties. The colour of these tubes is grey RAL 7037. These plastics are usually processed by means of welding.

D.2.02 wall thickness

The tubes and fittings shall be made in a wall thickness that is dependent upon the diameter, with a minimum thickness of 1.8 mm.

D.2.03 joints

The various plastics shall be joined in the following ways:

PVC: glue bonded, welded or mechanically joined; PVC-C: glue bonded or mechanically joined; HDPE: welded or mechanically joined; PP: welded or mechanically joined; PP-S: welded or mechanically joined.

The fittings shall have sleeve couplings as standard.

D.2.04 tube length

To avoid difficulties in transport and handling, standard tubes shall be supplied up to a maximum length of 5000 mm with a tolerance of ±0.005 x L.

D.2.05 diameter/tolerances

D.2.06 bends

With the exception of diameters of 63 and 80 mm, for which the curve radius shall be 100 mm, the shape of bends shall normally be determined by a radius, measured across the centre

of the bend, that is equal to the tube diameter. Standard bends shall have angles of 15°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90° in pressed or segmented construction with a tolerance of ±2°. Segmented

bends ≥ 45° shall consist of at least 3 segments.

D.2.07 reducing couplings

Reducing couplings may be either symmetrical or asymmetrical, with an upper angle of minimum 15° and maximum 60°. Symmetrical reducing couplings shall be used as standard.

D.2.08 branches and forks

A branch (a take-off in an ongoing section of main duct) can be made by means of a T-piece, as a complete fitting, and can be implemented as standard at an angle of 90º or 45º.


Examples of branches and forks are:

D.2.09 adjustable dampers

Adjustable dampers serve for the regulation of an installation and shall be made manually adjustable. They shall be provided with a reliable securing device, which also shows the

damper setting. The damper blade, made of the same material as the air duct, shall be made of single-thickness sheet with a thickness of at least 3 mm up to a maximum diameter of 400

mm. The dampers shall be provided with reliable and airtight bearings.

D.2.10 smoke development, fire propagation and combustibility

PVC: Low combustibility, self-extinguishing in accordance with DIN 4102/Class B1

PVC-C: low combustibility, self-extinguishing in accordance with DIN 4102/Class B1

HDPE: normal combustibility, non-self-extinguishing in accordance with DIN 4102/Class B2

PP: normal combustibility, non-self-extinguishing in accordance with DIN 4102/Class B2

PP-S: low combustibility, self-extinguishing in accordance with DIN 4102/Class B1

D.2.11 operating temperature

The maximum operating temperature for PVC ducts is 60ºC.

The maximum operating temperature for PVC-C ducts is 90ºC.

The maximum operating temperature for HDPE ducts is 70ºC.

The maximum operating temperature for PP ducts is 100ºC.

The maximum operating temperature for PP-S ducts is 100ºC.

E.1.00 Rectangular mineral wool ducts

E.1.01 panel quality

Mineral wool ducts shall be made in the following minimum density:

- glass wool 78 kg/m3 with a tolerance of 5%;

- rock wool 150 kg/m3 with a tolerance of 5%.

E.1.02 panel thickness

Mineral wool air ducts shall be made in the following minimum panel thickness:

glass wool 22 mm with a tolerance of +1 mm; glass wool 22 mm with a tolerance of +1 mm; rock wool 20 mm with a tolerance of +1 mm.

The air ducts shall be manufactured at this thickness to ensure sufficient rigidity against distortion.

E.1.03 transverse joints

Transverse joints between adjacent air ducts shall be made:

by means of profiles formed from sheet steel of DX 51 DZ 275 MAC quality, coated on both sides with a zinc layer according to the Sendzimir process. The layer thickness shall be 275 g/m2 for both sides, measured according to the trihedral test. Sheet quality / zinc quality shall be in accordance with EN 10142, and tolerances shall be in accordance with EN 10143. The sheet steel profiles shall be securely fastened to the ducts.

E.1.04 longitudinal joints

Longitudinal joints shall be made as a profiled seam, and finished with an aluminium tape with a minimum width of 75 mm in the case of

ducts with an aluminium outer layer.

E.1.05 reinforcements

Air ducts shall be made with a rigidity sufficient to prevent distortion. Assuming that the recommended minimum panel thickness

according to E.1.02 is used, duct surfaces with a width > 600 mm in the case of glass wool and > 1200 mm in the case of rock wool shall

be strengthened internally with reinforcements of galvanised material. These shall be attached to the duct surfaces using screws with

washers. The number of reinforcement profiles shall be: 1 per 0.75 m2 wall surface in the case of glass wool and 1 per 1.25 m² wall

surface in the case of rock wool.

E.1.06 dimensions

The nominal dimensions of the air ducts shall be given in mm and refer to the inside dimensions with a tolerance of +2 mm for a side

length ≤ 1200 mm, and +4 mm for a side length > 1200 mm. The dimensions shall be standardised as for the dimensions of rectangular

metal ducts.

E.1.07 types

The possible types of mineral wool air ducts are:

rock wool with cement outer layer, suitable for indoor use; glass wool with 100-micron aluminium foil outer layer, suitable for indoor use; glass wool with polyester outer layer, suitable for outdoor use; glass wool with 100-micron aluminium inner facing and polyester outer layer, suitable for outdoor use.

For the use of polyester, the following specifications are applicable:

o 450 g/m2 glass fibre for an inside duct size < 700 mm; o - 2 x 450 g/m2 glass fibre for an inside duct size ≥ 700 mm.

E.1.08 exposed ductwork

If a section of the air duct system in an air-conditioning installation is intended as “exposed ductwork”, it shall be constructed as the rest

of the ductwork, unless otherwise specified. When ductwork is intended as exposed ductwork, external stickers and labelling shall be

removed, while the required airtightness shall be obtained by internal application of sealant. Additional measures in the context of


E.1.09 bends

Bends shall be implemented as:

bends with an angle > 45º must be provided with vanes; right-angled bends shall be provided with vanes or air turns.

E.1.10 reducing couplings

Reducing couplings shall be made in such a way that the upper angle may in principle be 60° maximum.

E.1.11 branches

A branch (a take-off in an ongoing section of main duct) can be made by means of a straight or streamlined fitting at an angle of 90°.

Technical aspects of air flow design co-determine the type of implementation.

E.1.12 adjustable dampers

Adjustable dampers serve for the regulation of an installation and shall be made manually adjustable. They shall be provided with a

reliable securing device, which also shows the damper setting. The damper blade, made of galvanised material, shall be made of single-

thickness sheet with a thickness of at least 1.5 mm up to a maximum blade width (B) of 500 mm and a maximum surface area of 0.25

m2. The edges of the damper blades shall be rounded and reinforced parallel to the axis. If the surface area is greater, different types of

dampers must be used.

E.1.13 erosion resistance

In order to guarantee resistance to erosion, the ducts shall be finished internally with baked glass fibre or aluminium, depending on the

application. The air speed at any place in the duct system must never exceed 12 m/s.

E.1.14 smoke development, fire propagation and combustibility

Mineral wool ducts must be non-combustible and must comply as a minimum with Class A2 of DIN 4102 and Class 1 NEN 6065.

Smoke-developed index ≤ 1 (smoke density negligible in accordance with NEN 6066).

E.1.15 allowable system pressure

The maximum allowable system pressure is:

for rectangular glass wool ducts with an aluminium outer layer 500 Pa; for rectangular glass wool ducts with a polyester outer layer 750 Pa; for octagonal glass wool ducts with a polyester outer layer 1000 Pa; for rectangular rock wool ducts 850 Pa..

E.1.16 operating temperature

The maximum operating temperature for glass wool ducts and rock wool ducts with steel profiles is 120° C.

F.1.00 Rectangular rigid foam ducts

F.1.01 panel quality

Rigid foam air ducts shall be made from panels with a minimum density of 40 kg/m3. These panels shall have aluminium

foil with a thickness of 60 microns on one side or both sides.

F.1.02 panel thickness

Rigid foam air ducts shall be made in the minimum panel thickness of 20 mm for phenolic foam, and 20 mm for PIR foam.

The air ducts shall be manufactured at this thickness to ensure sufficient rigidity against distortion.

F.1.03 transverse joints

Transverse joints of air ducts shall be made in such a way that sufficient airtightness is obtained.

F.1.04 longitudinal joints

The ducts shall be made from a flat panel, with V grooves cut at the corner. These grooves shall be

glued. The closing sides shall be cut off at 45°, glued and finished with an aluminium tape with a

minimum width of 50 mm, and if necessary provided with e.g. joint clamps.

F.1.05 reinforcements

Air ducts shall be made with a rigidity sufficient to prevent distortion. Assuming that the minimum

panel thickness according to F.1.02 is used, duct surfaces > 700 mm shall be internally reinforced.

F.1.06 types

Some possible types of rigid foam air ducts are::

phenolic foam with aluminium outer layer and glass fibre inner facing, suitable for indoor use; phenolic foam with aluminium outer layer and aluminium inner facing, suitable for indoor use; phenolic foam with polyester outer layer and aluminium inner facing, suitable for outdoor use; PIR foam with aluminium outer layer and aluminium inner facing, suitable for indoor use; PIR foam with polyester outer layer and aluminium inner facing, suitable for outdoor use.

For the use of polyester, the following specifications are applicable:

450 g/m2 glass fibre for an inside duct size < 700 mm; 2 x 450 g/m2 glass fibre for an inside duct size ≥ 700 mm.

F.1.07 dimensions

The nominal dimensions of the air ducts shall be given in mm and refer to the inside dimensions with a

tolerance of +2 mm for a side length ≤ 1200 mm, and +4 mm for a side length > 1200 mm. The

dimensions shall be standardised as for the dimensions of rectangular metal ducts.

F.1.08 exposed ductwork

If a section of the air duct system in an air-conditioning installation is intended as “exposed ductwork”,

it shall be constructed as the rest of the ductwork, unless otherwise specified. When ductwork is

intended as exposed ductwork, external stickers and labelling shall be removed, while the required

airtightness shall be obtained by internal application of sealant. Additional measures in the context of


F.1.09 bends

Bends shall be implemented as:

bends with an angle > 45º must be provided with vanes; right-angled bends shall be provided with vanes or air turns.

F.1.10 reducing couplings

Reducing couplings shall be made in such a way that the upper angle

α may in principle be 60° maximum.

F.1.11 branches


by means of a straight or streamlined fitting at a maximum angle of

90°. Technical aspects of air flow design co-determine the type of

implementation.

F.1.12 adjustable dampers



reliable securing device, which also shows the damper setting. The

damper blade, made of galvanised material, shall be made of single-

thickness sheet with a thickness of at least 1.5 mm up to a maximum

blade width (B) of 500 mm and a maximum surface area of 0.25 m2.

The edges of the damper blades shall be rounded and reinforced

parallel to the axis.

F.1.13 erosion resistance

In order to guarantee resistance to erosion, the ducts shall be finished

internally with baked glass fibre or aluminium, depending on the

application. The air speed at any place in the duct system must never

exceed 12 m/s.

F.1.14 allowable system pressure

The maximum allowable system pressure is 750 Pa.

F.1.15 operating temperature

The maximum operating temperature for rigid foam ducts with steel

profiles is 110° C.

G.1.00 Round flexible ducts, or hoses

G.1.01 material options

Hoses shall be available in the following materials:

aluminium;; aluminium foil; plastic.

G.1.02 types of flexible hoses Hoses shall be available in three types:

non-insulated; thermally-insulated acoustically-insulated

G.1.03 non-insulated hose

A non-insulated hose shall have a wall made of the material specified in G.1.01 and

shall be provided with a horizontal steel spiral, covered or uncovered. The spiral can

be provided with a coating.

G.1.04 thermally insulated hose

A thermally insulated hose shall have an inner hose as specified in “non-insulated hose”. The hose shall be wrapped

with thermally insulating material, such as glass wool or rock wool. Around the insulation, an outer jacket of

reinforced aluminium polyester laminate shall be fitted, which may be provided with a steel spiral.

G.1.05 acoustically insulated hose

A spiral-reinforced inner hose of glass fibre mesh, wrapped with an acoustic material, such as glass wool or rock

wool. Around the insulation, an outer jacket of reinforced aluminium laminate or plastic foil shall be fitted, which

may be provided with a steel spiral. Between the inner hose and the insulation, a foil layer can optionally be fitted, to

prevent particles of the insulation from entering the duct.

G.1.06 length of flexible hoses

Flexible hoses shall usually be supplied in compressed form. The hose must be extended before use. After the hose

has been extended, its length must not be more than 3% shorter than the nominal length stated by the supplier. The

available lengths vary from one manufacturer to another, and shall be available in lengths from 1 m to 10 m in the

extended condition. In the compressed condition, the lengths are from 0.4 m to 3 m, depending on the type of hose.

G.1.07 diameters

The flexible ducts shall be made in standard diameters that are stated in EN 13180, see the table on the left.

G.1.08 installation instructions

For the installation of hoses, see section L.1.06.10 “installation instructions for flexible hoses”.

G.2.00 Flexible aluminium hoses

G.2.01 material quality

Flexible aluminium ducts shall be manufactured from:

aluminium strip in accordance with EN 573.

G.2.02 wall thickness

The thickness of the material is dependent upon the type of hose and the supplier.

The minimum strip thickness shall be 0.095 mm.

G.2.03 joints in flexible hoses

The joints in the spiral-wound strip shall be made as a folded seam, providing sufficient rigidity and airtightness.

G.3.00 Flexible aluminium foil hoses


The hose shall be composed of layers of aluminium foil and polyester foil, or aluminium polyester laminate. The

hose must comply with:

NEN 6065, minimum Class 2/fire propagation.



G.4.00 Flexible plastic hoses


The hose shall be manufactured from a fibre-reinforced synthetic fabric or from a vinyl-coated woven fabric.



H.1.00 Internal and external coating of air ducts

H.1.01 purpose of coating

The purpose of coating is to protect the ductwork. This can be

because there are aggressive substances in the air, for instance in the

case of swimming baths. The fresh air used as supply air can also

contain corrosion-promoting constituents. Coating can also take place

with the aim of simplifying internal cleaning. For instance, in the case

of mineral wool or rigid foam ducts that are used in the food industry.

H.1.02 types of coating

There are different types of coating with a variety of uses and

instructions for use.

Common types are:

water-repellent bituminous coating; polyester coating; polyurethane coating; corrosion-resistant primer.

In addition to the purpose of the coating, the type used is also

determined by the nature of the air duct and the field of application.

The nature of the duct can be divided into:

rectangular mineral wool rectangular rigid foam; rectangular galvanised steel sheet; round galvanised steel sheet.

H.1.03 instructions for use

The coating must be processed in accordance with the supplier’s instructions for use.

I.1.00 Thermal insulation of rectangular and round air ducts

I.1.01 internal insulation of rectangular air ducts

Internal insulation can only be used for rectangular air ducts. For round air ducts, in principle it is only possible to

use external insulation. However, to prevent contamination of the installation and other problems, it is very strongly

recommended that air ducts should only be insulated externally. If the decision is nevertheless made to insulate

rectangular ducts internally, the following materials can be used:

- glass wool or rock wool blankets with long fibres and finished with protective foil to prevent the shedding of these

fibres. The most common thicknesses are 0.5” or 1” (13 or 26 mm);

- vulcanised synthetic elastomers, usually with self-adhesive foil with a thickness of between 10 and 25 mm,

depending on the application and the manufacturer.

I.1.01.1 properties

The insulation blankets must comply with the following requirements:

non-combustible, in accordance with DIN 4102, Class 2 and fire propagation in accordance with NEN 6065, Class 1; smoke-developed index: ≤1 (smoke density negligible in accordance with NEN 6066).

I.1.01.2 processing of insulation blankets without self-adhesive foil

The insulation blankets shall be glued into the duct with contact adhesive. The entire duct surface shall be glued

using a roller or using spray adhesive. The contact adhesive can be used at a temperature of approx. 15° C. The duct

wall must be dry, clean and grease-free to obtain good adhesion. For extra fastening, at least 2 self-stick insulation

anchors, weld pins or split-pin insulation anchors with cover plate for each m2 of wall surface area must be fitted on

the walls of the duct.

I.1.01.3 finishing

On the end edges of the duct, the insulation must be finished with galvanised sheet profiles or plastic profiles. This is

to prevent the shedding of insulation after duct sections have been joined together.

I.1.02 external insulation of rectangular and round air ducts

External insulation can be classified into three sections:

1. thermal insulation using glass wool or rock wool blankets (see I.1.03); 2. thermal insulation using plastic foam rubber on the basis of synthetic rubber (elastomer) (see I.1.04); 3. thermal insulation using glass wool or rock wool blankets, finished with aluminium cladding (see I.1.05).

I.1.03 het thermisch isoleren met behulp van glaswol- of steenwoldekens

This type of insulation shall only be used indoors. Rectangular and round metal air ducts shall usually, depending on

the application, be externally thermally insulated using robust glass wool or rock wool blankets with a thickness of

25 mm. These blankets are composed of upright fibres, the so-called lamella blanket, covered on one side with a foil

of reinforced pure aluminium (thickness 0.02 mm). Lamella blankets are available with and without a self-adhesive

foil. For rectangular ducts, the insulation shall be fitted against the insulation strip and finished on the suspension

structure. The bracket that is used for round ducts shall be incorporated within the insulation. The suspension

structure for rectangular ducts is then outside the insulation. For this purpose, an equivalent high-compression

insulation strip shall be fitted between the suspension structure and the duct wall, and the seams shall be provided

with a vapour-tight finish. There is also the possibility of placing the air ducts on MDF blocks with the same

thickness as the insulation. In that case, however, the insulation must be inserted between the blocks (see L.1.03.3).

It is also possible to insulate the air ducts before installation. When this is done, the insulation is somewhat

compressed in the suspension bracket; it must be ensured that the protective foil around the insulation does not tear.

I.1.03.1 properties

The lamella blankets must comply with the following requirements:

non-combustible, in accordance with DIN 4102, Class 2 and fire propagation in accordance with NEN 6065, Class 1; smoke-developed index: ≤1 (smoke density negligible in accordance with NEN 6066).

I.1.03.2 processing of insulation blankets without self-adhesive foil

The insulation blanket must be cut at the following length:

For a rectangular duct:

L = 2x (duct width + 2x insulation thickness) + 2x (duct height + 2x insulation thickness) + overlap.

For a round duct:

L = (diameter of duct + 2x insulation thickness) x 3.14 + overlap.

I.1.03.3 processing of insulation blankets with self-adhesive foil

This insulation shall be used in badly ventilated spaces and, because of the absence of self-stick insulation anchors,

for rectangular ducts installed as “exposed ductwork” up to a width of 1200 mm. The insulation must be cut at the

following length:


L = 2x (duct width + 2x insulation thickness) + 2x (duct height + 2x insulation thickness) + overlap.

For a round duct:

L = (diameter of duct + 2x insulation thickness) x 3.14 + overlap.

I.1.03.4 sticking and finishing for rectangular ducts (without foil)

The lamella blankets shall be glued to the duct with contact adhesive. The entire duct surface shall be glued using a

roller or using spray adhesive. The contact adhesive can be used at a temperature higher than approx. 0° C. The duct

wall must be clean, dry and grease-free to obtain a good adhesion between the insulation and the duct wall. To

ensure that the insulation does not become detached from the duct wall while the adhesive is drying, in the case of

horizontally installed air ducts wider than 600 mm, at least 2 self-stick insulation anchors, weld pins or split-pin

insulation anchors with cover plate for each m2 of wall surface area must be fitted on the underside and the side

walls of the duct. In the case of vertically installed ducts, insulation anchors must be fitted on all walls wider than

600 mm. It is recommended that the insulation should be fitted precisely between the flange joints. If it is necessary

to insulate the flanges, due to the danger of condensation on the flange, a separate strip must be fitted over the flange

joint. The seams between the lamella blankets must be stuck together using an aluminium “all-weather" tape, with a

width of 75 mm and a minimum adhesion strength on steel of 9N/25 mm2, and then smoothed down.

I.1.03.5 sticking and finishing for rectangular ducts (with foil)

After cutting the insulation to the right size, peel off the backing over approx. 10 cm longitudinally. The insulation

must then be fitted in the right position and pressed down firmly over the entire surface area (NB: once the

insulation has been pressed down, it cannot be moved again). After this, peel off the remaining backing in stages,

and each time press the insulation down firmly against the duct wall over the entire surface area. It is recommended

that the insulation should be fitted precisely between the flange joints. If it is necessary to insulate the flanges, due to

the danger of condensation on the flange, a separate strip must be fitted over the flange joint. Ducts up to a width of

1200 mm do not need to be provided with self-stick insulation anchors, weld pins or split-pin insulation anchors.

During the processing, the surrounding temperature must be between +10° C and +50° C. The seams between the

lamella blankets must be stuck together using an aluminium “all-weather" tape, with a width of 75 mm and a

minimum adhesion strength on steel of 9N/25 mm2, and then smoothed down.

I.1.03.6 sticking and finishing for round ducts

For round air ducts, spray adhesive and/or contact adhesive shall not be used. The insulation must be cut at the right

length and the overlap prepared by cutting the insulation away from the aluminium foil. The seams must then be

stuck using the tape stated in I.1.03.5, and smoothed down. In addition, at intervals of 600 mm a pull-up strap with a

width of at least 10 mm must be fixed around the insulation.

I.1.04 thermal insulation using plastic foam rubber on the basis of synthetic rubber (elastomer)

This method of insulation shall only be used indoors. Where there are greater temperature differences (e.g. fresh air

supply ducts) or where the ducts are “exposed”, rectangular and round metal ducts shall be externally insulated using

the above-mentioned insulation material. This material is available in various thicknesses, depending on the

manufacturer and the temperature differences. This insulation material is available with and without a self-adhesive

foil. To obtain correct insulation, the suspension structures shall be kept outside the insulation, for both rectangular

and round ducts. In addition, a separate strip of the same insulation thickness shall always be glued over the duct

flanges

I.1.04.1 properties

The insulation must comply as a minimum with the following requirements:

non-combustible, in accordance with DIN 4102, Class 2 and fire propagation in accordance with NEN 6065, Class 1; smoke-developed index: ≤1 (smoke density negligible in accordance with NEN 6066); practical reaction to fire: self-extinguishing, non-drip and non-fire-spreading.

I.1.04.2 processing

The insulation must be cut at the following length:


All the sides shall be cut to the size of the side + 1x insulation thickness.

For a round duct:

L = (diameter of duct + 2x insulation thickness) x 3.14.

I.1.04.3 sticking and finishing

For both rectangular and round air ducts, the insulation shall in principle be glued over the entire surface with the

adhesive supplied with the insulation by the supplier. All buffer edges must be pressed down well, and therefore also

glued well. This also applies for use of insulation with a self-adhesive layer. The surfaces to be glued must be dust-

free and grease-free. This form of insulation does not need to be further finished with tapes or self-stick insulation

anchors.

I.1.05 thermal insulation using glass wool or rock wool blankets, finished with aluminium cladding

I.1.05.1 general

For the fitting of the mineral wool blanket, see section I.1.03.

I.1.05.2 fitting of aluminium cladding

Externally insulated ducts that are located outdoors can be finished with (stucco) aluminium cladding. In coastal

areas, the seawater-resistant quality (AlMg3 / EN AW 5754) is recommended for this. After the metal air ducts have

been installed on the roof or against a wall in the open air, the external insulation of the required material and

thickness shall be fitted. After this, the aluminium cladding shall be fitted. The thickness of the aluminium panel

shall be a minimum of 0.8 mm. The cladding shall be fitted by overlapping the adjacent panels. These panels shall

be provided with so-called corrugations, which shall be made in the panel approx. 20 to 25 mm from the end of the

panel. These corrugations shall be placed on top of each other, and fastened together with at least 13 x 3 mm

stainless steel sheet-metal screws (8 screws/m). The cladding shall be fitted closely over the insulation, overlapping

and draining in such a way that rainwater cannot enter or leak in. For this purpose, all seam joints in the panelling

shall be provided with rain-tight sealing during or after installation of the aluminium cladding, using transparent

silicon sealant. In order to obtain a rigid whole (especially in the case of larger ducts), aluminium strengthening

strips can be fastened to the duct when it is being insulated. The aluminium cladding can then be fixed to these

strips. If this is done, care must be taken that the aluminium strips are not fastened directly to the steel, because of

the danger of electrolytic corrosion. A solution for this is to apply sealant, paint or tape between the duct and the

strengthening strip.

J.1.00 Fire-resistant insulation and sheathing of metal air ducts

J.1.01 air ducts and fire compartments

Fire compartments can be classified into:

fire compartments; smoke compartments.

J.1.01.1 fire compartments

Air duct systems must comply with fire compartment requirements, as set down in the Dutch Buildings Decree (Bouwbesluit). When an

air duct passes through a fire compartment, a fire damper must be used, which as a minimum is equal to the fire resistance of the partition

in which it is located. Fusible links of the fire damper must be accessible by means of an inspection hatch or a removable servicing block.

To prevent fire transfer via ventilation ducts, air ducts must be constructed in a fire-resistant manner, or a fire damper must be fitted at the

position of a penetration of the partitioning construction. If it is not possible to fit fire dampers at the position of the penetration, the air

duct section from the partitioning construction to the partition of the fire damper blade must be constructed in a fire-resistant manner, with

a fire resistance equal to that of the partition concerned. The fire resistance of a fire damper must be demonstrated with a certificate of an

accredited body.

The following test methods are applicable for this:

for fire-resistant ducts without fire dampers, in accordance with EN 1366-1 (NEN 6076); for fire-resistant ducts with fire dampers, in accordance with EN 1366-2 (NEN 6077).

Identification and use of the correct standards

The various suppliers offer products that have been approved in accordance with various standards. First of all, it is essential to always

look at whether they say ‘tested in accordance with’ or ‘approved in accordance with’. Both terms are found in the market, while only the

latter is at all meaningful. Suppliers of fire dampers, intumescent grilles and fire-resistant sleeves say that they conform to different

standards, both NEN and EN. An explanation is given below of how this situation has arisen, and which standards are applicable.

NEN standards

Until a few years ago, in the Netherlands only the NEN standards were used, in particular:

NEN 6069: Testing and classification of resistance to fire of building products and building elements; NEN 6077: Experimental determination of the fire resistance of ventilation ducts with dampers.

Without quoting the texts of the standards in full, the following conclusions can be stated:

NEN 6069: This standard covers the testing of e.g. intumescent grilles. Products that have been approved in accordance with this standard

were tested in a non-pressure situation. An intumescent grille of this kind may then be used in e.g. a door or wall as an overflow provision.

It is only permissible to use this product in air ducts if it is certain that the air-conditioning installation will switch off in the event of fire,

guaranteeing that the intumescent grille will not be placed under pressure during a fire. After all, the product has not been tested for this,

and therefore not approved. It should also be noted here that in the Netherlands in most cases the air-conditioning installation is used to

remove smoke in the event of fire (to keep escape routes clear), which means that it is only permissible to use an intumescent grille in an

air duct in a small number of cases.

NEN 6077: This standard covers the testing of fire dampers. Fire dampers that comply with this standard were tested and approved under

pressure, i.e. they may be used in air-conditioning installations without additional conditions being imposed.

NEN-EN standards

For some time, European standards have also been applicable, abbreviated as EN. In connection with fire-resistant products for air-

conditioning installations, EN 1366 is the most important standard. Given the European character, fire-resistant products no longer need to

be tested in each country, even though the different countries take a different approach to the fire safety of installations. If a test laboratory

is equipped to test in accordance with EN 1363-1 (the standard that gives the general requirements for the methods and equipment for

conducting the test), it may conduct just one test to cover all European countries. A classification is then given on the basis of EN 13501-3

for ventilation products. The test leads to a test report, and on the basis of this a classification report is produced. In view of the above, it is

therefore important that a supplier of fire-resistant products can provide the classification report, rather than the test report. After all, this

contains the conclusion as to whether, and if so for how many minutes (15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 or 360 minutes) the product

concerned has been approved. This is always shown with: EIS xx, where xx is the number of minutes. The E stands for integrity, the I for

insulation and the S for smoke leakage. For instance, EIS 60 indicates that the product concerned prevented the spread of smoke and

insulated against heat, i.e. prevented it from spreading, for at least 60 minutes.

EN 1366 makes the same distinction as the above-discussed NEN standards:

EN 1366-2: approval in accordance with this standard means that the product concerned was tested and approved under pressure. This is

therefore the standard with which fire dampers tested after the ‘NEN era’ must ideally comply. EN 1366-3: a product with this approval

was not tested under pressure, so has only be approved as e.g. an overflow provision between rooms. But definitely not for use in air ducts

where it is not guaranteed that the air-conditioning installation will switch off in the event of fire.

Conclusions and advice

You should make sure that you use approved products, and not merely tested products. Then assess whether you only require a fire-

resistant provision in a non-pressure situation (the applicable old standard is NEN 6069, new standard is EN 1366-3); or if the situation

involves pressure, then a product approved in accordance with the old standard NEN 6077 or the new standard EN 1366-2 must be used.t

J.1.01.2 smoke compartments

When an air duct passes through a smoke compartment, a fire damper

must be used or the duct section that goes through this partition must

be constructed over a distance of at least 3 metres without a break and

without apertures (grilles). The 3 metres can be shifted in relation to

the smoke partition.

J.1.02 fire-resistant insulation of round air ducts

If high fire-resistance requirements are imposed on the air flow path,

it is recommended that rectangular air ducts should be constructed,

in connection with the use of certified insulation materials.

There is a product available in the trade, which is supplied with a

thickness of 60 mm and, depending on the compression (weight per

m2 of panel surface area), can be used for a 60-minute, 90-minute or

120-minute fire partition wall. Equivalent products can also be used,

if a valid test report can be provided.

J.1.03 fire-resistant insulation of rectangular air ducts

For this, the following insulation materials in the recommended

thickness and type can be used:

The insulation materials (fire boards) shall be fitted directly onto the air duct in accordance with the supplier’s instructions. These boards shall usually be fixed using weld pins or screws. The boards shall be fastened to each other with a special type of adhesive.

Non-combustible fibre silicate boards. Asbestos-free boards, manufactured from fibres, Portland cement and fillers, must be fitted in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

J.1.04 suspension of fire-resistant insulated air ducts

Ducts must in principle be suspended as in the test method used in the

standard.

As a general guide, the following recommendations are made for this:

maximum distance between the suspensions centre-to-centre 1.5 m;

maximum weight per suspension point 50 kg; maximum allowable stress in threaded rods 9N/mm2 with a fire

resistance of 30 and 60 minutes; maximum allowable stress in threaded rods 6 N/mm2 with a fire

resistance of 90 and 120 minutes.

Suspensions must be made so that the duct is fully clamped, by means

of an upper bracket and lower bracket, and suspended by means of

threaded rods of minimum M6 in metal plugs. This applies for both

rectangular and round air ducts.

J.1.05 fire-resistant penetrations

The test method for partitioning constructions with penetrations is laid down in the

standards NEN 6069 and EN 1366-3. The finishing of penetrations can be done by:

filling with structural material (e.g. mortar or plasterboard); filling with high-compression rock wool in combination with fire-resistant coating; filling with rock wool.

The way in which the penetrations are finished depends on:

material, shape and dimensions (diameter, wall thickness) of the air ducts; penetration sealing system; additional protection, such as intumescent coating, fire sleeves etc.; special fire-resistant sleeves that close the aperture by intumescence.

Given that penetrations of several technical installations are combined at the position of the

smoke and fire compartments, it is preferable to have this work done in combination by

specialist companies. The co-ordination and responsibility should preferably lie with a

construction partner.

J.1.06 installation of fire dampers

The installation of fire dampers must be done in accordance with the manufacturer’s

instructions. When constructing a building, it is sometimes not possible to install the fire

damper partially within the fire partition. If the fire damper cannot be installed in the fire

partition wall, the duct section between the fire partition wall and the fire damper must be

insulated in such a way that the quality of the fire partition is maintained. This shall

preferably be done under the responsibility of the construction contractor.

K.1.00 Internal cleaning of air ducts

K.1.01 general

Air ducts must be transported carefully, to ensure that they remain as clean as possible. For

the transport of round fittings, the use of packing material is recommended. At the

construction site, ducts can be stored either in the open air or in the rough building structure.

In both cases, the ducts must be stored on a dry base. It is recommended that the ducts

should be protected against extreme weather conditions and contamination. While

processing the ducts before and during installation, loose contaminants, such as dust, sand

etc., in and on the duct shall be removed before the ducts are put in position. During the

construction process, it is not possible for the air duct installation company to guarantee the

internal cleanliness of the air ducts, for practical reasons.

K.1.02 internal cleaning after the construction process has ended

Within the scope of the environmental legislation, for the healthcare sector or for special

production techniques, the requirement can be stated in the specifications that after the duct

systems have been installed (preferably after the construction process has ended), they must

be internally cleaned and provided with full certification. For this purpose, specialist

companies have effective cleaning equipment and methods for testing and measuring in

order to achieve the required level of cleanliness and to confirm this by means of a

certificate..

It can also be advisable to clean the ducts after they have been in use for a number of years,

or immediately after a fire (for instance, in relation to smoke). Given that Luka members do

not have the required equipment and knowledge, this cleaning work is not normally included

in their activities. In order to make the ducts accessible for the cleaning equipment, it is the

responsibility of the consultant or the installation contractor to indicate on the air duct

drawing the locations and dimensions of the inspection hatches or access hatches that are to

be fitted. If these provisions are not indicated on the drawing, the fitting of these is not

included in the standard activities of the air duct manufacturer.

K.1.03 The Netherlands Association of Air-conditioning System Cleaning Specialists

(Nederlands Verbond Reinigingsspecialisten Luchtbehandelingssystemen, NVRL)

In conjunction with TÜV Rheinland Nederland BV Bouw & Ondergrond (construction and

foundations), the NVRL has developed a quality mark for the cleaning of air-conditioning

systems. The quality mark is aimed at ensuring that air-conditioning systems and air ducts

are kept clean, in order to restrict as far as possible the health risks due to contamination in

these systems.

The NVRL can be found at www.nvrl.nl

http://www.nvrl.nl/

L.1.00 Installation instructions

L.1.01 general

These installation instructions comply with the requirements of EN 1505, 1506 and 1507. Within the

scope of the contract between Luka and TÜV Rheinland Nederland BV Certification, the instruction to

check the manufacturing quality and installation quality has been given by TÜV Rheinland Nederland

BV Certification to TÜV Rheinland Nederland BV. Safety, health and the environment are also

important subjects in relation to installation activities. In accordance with the Working Conditions Act

(Arbowet) and the Safety, Health & Environment Checklist for Contractors (VCA), the various parties

involved in a construction project have their own specific responsibilities. For instance, the main

contractor bears the final responsibility for the safety at the project and for providing general facilities

and safety arrangements.

The Luka members, as subcontractors, bear the responsibility for, among other things, the correct

conduct of their employees and for providing them with the correct equipment. All this is usually set

down in a project plan. The Luka members provide the principal or main contractor with their own

company-specific project plan. This plan serves as part of the total project plan that will be formulated

by the main contractor.

Some important subjects in the project plan are:

Toolbox meetings and instruction of employees. Fitters must have a valid VCA diploma. The use and availability of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment). Supervision at the site, including workplace safety inspections. The separation and orderly removal of waste. Use of approved tools and equipment. Safety, Health & Environment (SHE) co-ordinator.

The Luka members have their own company-specific safety or Occupational Health & Safety (OHS)

system. In many cases, this system will be combined with the environmental management system and

the quality assurance system.

L.1.02 transport and storage

Air ducts must be transported in a responsible manner, in such a way that transit damage is prevented.

For the transport of round fittings, the use of boxes, net bags, bundles, crates or containers is

recommended..

Air ducts are liable to distortion if handled carelessly or roughly. It is therefore essential to unload them

with great care. Damage to joint profiles of rectangular ducts and to the edges of round ducts increases

the likelihood of air leakage. To prevent damage as much as possible, it is recommended that the timing

of the deliveries to the construction site should be closely co-ordinated with the progress of the

installation.

At the construction site, ducts can be stored either in the open air or in the rough building structure. In

both cases, the ducts must be stored on a dry base. If they are stored in the open air, it is recommended

that the ducts should be protected against extreme weather conditions and contamination. It is desirable

that the air ducts and fittings, after being delivered to the construction site, should be stored as close as

possible to the installation location, using a crane or builder’s hoist to move them.

L.1.03 installation instructions for rectangular and round air ducts

At the start of each installation project, the lead fitter must have the installation drawings and/or material

lists in his possession. The head of the installation team must also explain the installation instructions

and the specific instructions applicable for the construction site.

L.1.03.1 suspension and support of non-insulated rectangular metal ducts

The air ducts shall be fastened or suspended in such a way that the duct sections and their accessories

form a stable and rigid whole. The choice of materials and type of structure shall take account of the

environmental conditions and the linear expansions of the duct material.

The most frequently used structures are:

consoles, galvanised or at least finished with zinc dust paint, used for attachment to structural fastening points;

suspension structures that are strong enough to transfer the total weight of the air ducts, including the interposed accessories, to the structural suspension points via threaded rods;

duct angle hangers with rubber insert.

The suspension structure must be composed of a lower bracket made of Sendzimir galvanised material,

provided with felt or P.E. tape with minimum dimensions of 18 x 4 mm, with threaded rods of at least

M6 size mounted directly adjacent to the duct. The distance between these threaded rods shall be

maximum 100 mm and minimum 30 mm greater than the duct width. The brackets shall have a

maximum centre-to-centre distance between them of 3 m and can be made in either a formed profile or a

standard trade profile that is strong enough to provide sufficient rigidity. (see table below)

For shaft ducts, it is possible to use either consoles against the wall or profiles on the ducts, which are

supported on the floor. The steel structures shall be made corrosion-resistant as a minimum. Roof ducts

shall rest, by means of weather-resistant support profiles, on the roof provisions fitted by the

construction contractor. These supports shall longitudinally have a maximum centre-to-centre distance of

2.5 m between them.

L.1.03.2 suspension and support of rectangular plastic, mineral wool and rigid foam ducts

Rectangular air ducts shall be fastened or suspended in such a way that the duct sections and their

accessories form a stable and rigid whole. The choice of materials and type of structure shall take

account of the environmental conditions and the linear expansions of the duct material.

The most frequently used structures are:

consoles, galvanised or at least finished with zinc dust paint, used for attachment to structural fastening points;

suspension structures that are strong enough to transfer the total weight of the air ducts, including the interposed accessories, to the structural suspension points via threaded rods.

The suspension structure must be composed of an upper bracket and lower bracket with threaded rods of

at least M6 size mounted directly adjacent to the duct. The distance between these threaded rods shall be

maximum 100 mm and minimum 30 mm greater than the duct width. The brackets shall have a

maximum centre-to-centre distance between them of 3 m and must be made in either a formed profile or

a standard trade profile that is strong enough to provide sufficient rigidity (see table in L.1.03.1). For

shaft ducts, it is possible to use either consoles against the wall or profiles on the ducts, which are

supported on the floor. The steel structures shall be made corrosion-resistant as a minimum. Roof ducts

shall rest, by means of weather-resistant or aluminium (AlMg3) support profiles, on the roof provisions

fitted by the construction contractor. These supports shall longitudinally have a maximum centre-to-

centre distance of 2.5 m between them.

Installation examples of non-insulated rectangular ducts

L.1.03.3 suspension and support of insulated rectangular ductwork

If the ducts are to be externally insulated after installation, MDF

spacer blocks of 50 x 50 x 25 mm or high-compression insulation

strips of 100 x 25 mm must be fitted between the lower bracket and

the duct.

This does not apply if the ducts are insulated before installation (so-

called pre-insulation).

Installation examples of insulated rectangular ductwork

L.1.03.4 suspension and support of round metal ducts

Round air ducts shall be fastened or suspended in such a way that the duct sections and their


account of the environmental conditions and the linear expansions of the duct material. The most

frequently used structures are:

consoles, galvanised or at least finished with zinc dust paint, used for attachment to structural fastening points;;

suspension structures that are strong enough to transfer the total weight of the air ducts, including the interposed accessories, to the structural suspension points via threaded rods.

The brackets for tubes with a diameter ≥ 500 mm must be executed as two-point suspension with an

upper bracket and lower bracket. Felt or P.E. tape with minimum dimensions of 18 x 4 mm must be

used between the bracket and the air duct. For smaller diameters, it is sufficient to use one-point

brackets made of Sendzimir galvanised steel strip or perforated support strapping, provided with felt

or P.E. tape, or plastic-coated perforated support strapping with one-point suspension. In addition,

standard brackets with rubber insert can be used. The maximum centre-to-centre distance between

the brackets shall be 3 m. For shaft ducts, it is possible to use either consoles against the wall or

profiles on the ducts, which are supported on the floor. The steel structures shall be made corrosion-

resistant as a minimum. Roof ducts shall rest, by means of weather-resistant support profiles, on the

roof provisions fitted by the construction contractor. These supports shall longitudinally have a

maximum centre-to-centre distance of 2.5 m between them.

L.1.03.5 suspension and support of round plastic ducts

These air ducts shall be fastened or suspended in such a way that the duct sections and their


account of the environmental conditions and the linear expansions of the duct material.

installation examples of round ducts

L.1.04 installation instructions for ceiling grilles

Unless otherwise further specified, it shall be assumed that the ceiling structure will be in the form of

gridwork of 600 x 600 mm for the insertion of the ceiling grilles. Grilles must be supplied separately

for each room where they are to be installed, and must be provided with a code corresponding to a

location on the installation drawing. The principal must ensure that the “technical ceiling panels” are

placed in the gridwork. So-called “technical ceiling panels” are ceiling panels provided with

openings, in accordance with the size of the opening required for the grilles concerned. The air duct

company shall attach the panels to the grilles, and put the panel with grille in the gridwork at the

place shown on the installation drawing. The grille shall then be connected to the duct system by

means of a flexible hose. To prevent the surrounding ceiling panels from becoming dirty, this work

must be done before the other ceiling panels are fitted. If a grille is supplied with a modular panel of

595 x 595, the grille shall be inserted immediately in the 600 x 600 mm gridwork. If the

specifications state that the grilles must be suspended, this will normally be done by using 2

adjustable hangers (with a maximum length of 600 mm) to suspend the grille from the structural

ceiling above. If the “dropped” ceiling is not composed of a gridwork, but rather of interlocking

panels, lamella ceiling or plaster ceiling, the grilles will have to be suspended from the ceiling above

during the installation of the ceiling, by means of adjustable hangers with a maximum length of 600

mm. For reasons relating to the time schedule and the prevention of waiting times, this must be done

by third parties.

L.1.05 installation instructions for accessories

L.1.05.1 general

This section of the Quality Assurance Manual discusses the accessories that are to be interposed in

the air duct systems. The operation and purpose of these accessories within the systems will be

disregarded here: this section is mainly concerned with the installation and airtightness of the

accessories in the air duct system..

The basic principle is that if the air ducts must comply with airtightness requirements, airtightness

requirements must also be imposed on accessories that are to be interposed between them. These

airtightness requirements shall be the same as those internationally agreed in EN 1751. Accessories

that have round connections with “safe” rubber seals are preferable, because they make it possible to

more efficiently comply with airtightness requirements. For specific product-related installation

instructions, the supplier must be contacted.

The aim is that the total air flow path, between the air-conditioning unit and the grille, should comply

with the Luka quality assurance requirements.

L.1.05.2 installation instructions for rectangular accessories

Rectangular accessories must be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. These

installation instructions must comply with the requirements of EN 1505, 1506 and 1507. The

components must be fastened or suspended in such a way that they form a stable and rigid whole

with the air ducts. This must be done with suspension structures that are strong enough to transfer the

total weight to the structural suspension points via threaded rods.

The suspension structure must be composed of a lower bracket made of Sendzimir galvanised

material (or other material if this is stated in the specifications), provided with felt or P.E. tape with

minimum dimensions of 18 x 4 mm, with threaded rods of at least M6 size mounted directly adjacent

to the accessory. The distance between the threaded rods shall be maximum 100 mm and minimum

30 mm greater than the duct width, depending on whether there is external insulation. The bracket

must be fitted at a minimum distance of 100 mm and a maximum distance of 400 mm before or after

the accessory, and must be made in either a formed profile (see adjacent table) or a standard trade

profile that is strong enough to provide sufficient rigidity.

Because the air duct flanges are not always the same as the accessory flanges, there are different

ways to connect them to each other.

If the flanges are made of the same profiles, the corners must be provided with a bolt + nut joint (minimum M6 x 20) and/or an overlap profile in the required length and width. Between the flanges, a closed-cell sealing tape with minimum dimensions of 18 x 4 must be fitted, ensuring that the tape overlaps in the corners (see A.1.03 “transverse joints”).

If the flanges are not made of the same profiles, the corners must be provided with a bolt + nut joint (minimum M6 x 20) and screw clamps with a distance between them of maximum 400 mm. Between the flanges, a closed-cell sealing tape with minimum dimensions of 18 x 4 must be fitted, ensuring that the tape overlaps in the corners.

L.1.05.3 installation instructions for round accessories

There are 2 different ways to fasten the round accessories to the round air ducts:

the accessory has a push-in flange (with or without a rubber insert or “safe” joint). The push-in part is pushed into the spiral-wound tube and fixed with pop rivets or self-tapping screws. If a “safe” joint is not used, the joint will have to be wrapped with an appropriate tape (see A.3.11 “coupling pieces”).

the accessory has a perpendicular flange. The flange on the accessory is fitted to a counter flange on the air duct. Between the two flanges, a closed-cell sealing tape with minimum dimensions of 15 x 4

or permanently elastic sealant shall be applied. The flanges shall then be joined together using minimum M6 nut bolts.

Accessories that have round connections with a “safe” joint are preferable, because they make it

possible to more efficiently comply with airtightness requirements.

L.1.05.4 transport and storage of accessories

Accessories must be transported and stored in a responsible manner, in such a way that transit

damage is prevented. Accessories are liable to distortion if handled carelessly or roughly. It is

therefore essential to unload them with great care. Damage to accessories increases the likelihood of

air leakage. It is therefore recommended that wooden (or plastic) crates, boxes or containers should

be used for their transport.

For their delivery to the air duct company, the transport and storage must take place under the

responsibility of the principal, and must be arranged by the principal. Accessories must be delivered

on time and stored carefully, close to the location where they will be installed. If they are delivered

too soon, there is a risk that they will become dirty or damaged during the construction work. If they

are delivered too late, additional costs will arise due to installation complications and a separate

instalment cycle, with the risk of air leakages.

L.1.05.5 inspection of accessories

To provide possibilities for the inspection of accessories, it is recommended that inspection hatches

should be fitted near them. However, these should only be fitted if they are stated or indicated in the

specifications or contract drawings of the air ducts.

L.1.06 accessories to be in-built in ducts

L.1.06.1 fire dampers

material quality

Fire dampers are normally made from the following materials:

casing: Sendzimir galvanised steel or Promatect H; damper blade: fire-retardant and thermally insulating material..

Other material, depending on the application, in consultation with the supplier. A fire damper must

comply with NEN 6077 and/or EN 1366-2.

joints

Rectangular fire dampers must have a flanged edge, so that this can be securely joined with the air

duct system. Round fire dampers can have either a push-in flange or a flanged edge. If reducing

couplings are needed for this, see the section “air ducts” for the types of these.

dimensions

The dimensions are standardised according to EN 1505 and 1506, and can be selected as indicated in

the table of standard dimensions shown in this Manual in sections A1.06 and A3.06. The nominal

dimensions of the fire dampers have a tolerance of +0 to -5 mm. Fire dampers must be selected

within the nominal speeds for the nett cross-section dimensions of the dampers.

inspection possibilities

It must be possible at all times to inspect fire dampers with regard to their functioning and the

damper setting (it is usually possible to check this from the outside). To check for contamination,

there must be an inspection hatch near or integrated within the fire damper (preferably on the controls

side). (see L.1.05.5)

installation instructions

For the installation of fire dampers between air ducts, see the section “installation instructions for

accessories”. For the installation location of fire dampers in the wall, the correct position is shown in

the drawings below. If this is not possible, the fire damper must be placed as close as possible to the

fire-resisting wall. The duct section between the damper blade and the fire-resisting wall will then

have to be provided with fire-resistant insulation. (see J.1.06)

L.1.06.2 damper registers

material quality

Damper registers are normally made from the following materials:

casing: Sendzimir galvanised steel or aluminium.

Other material, depending on the application, in consultation with the supplier.

joints

Damper registers must have a flanged edge, so that this can be securely joined with the air duct

system. If reducing couplings are needed for this, see the section “air ducts” for the types of these.

typesg

The damper register can be of either parallel-rotating or contra-rotating type.

dimensions

The dimensions are standardised according to EN 1505 and can be selected as indicated in the table

of standard dimensions shown in this Manual in section A1.06. The nominal dimensions of the

damper registers have a tolerance of +0 to -5 mm.


It must be possible at all times to inspect damper registers with regard to their functioning and the

damper setting (it is usually possible to check this from the outside). To check for contamination,

there must be an inspection hatch near the accessory. (see L.1.05.5)


For the installation of damper registers between air ducts, see the section “installation instructions for

accessories”.

L.1.06.3 variable and constant air volume VAV and CAV regulators

material quality

VAV and CAV regulators are normally made from the following materials:

- casing: Sendzimir galvanised steel.


joints

Rectangular VAV and CAV regulators must have a flanged edge, so that this can be securely joined

with the air duct system. Round VAV and CAV regulators can have either a push-in joint or a

flanged edge. If reducing couplings are needed for this, see the section “air ducts” for the types of

these. To ensure that the regulator works correctly, it is recommended that a straight inflow duct

section of 3 to 5 times the height or diameter should be fitted before the inflow side of the accessory.

This must be done in accordance with the supplier’s instructions.

dimensions

The dimensions are standardised according to EN 1505 and 1506 and can be selected as indicated in

the table of standard dimensions shown in this Manual in sections A1.06 and A.3.06. The nominal

dimensions of the VAV and CAV regulators have a tolerance of +0 to -5 mm.


It must be possible at all times to inspect the VAC and CAV regulators with regard to their

functioning, damper setting and contamination. For this purpose, if necessary there must be an

inspection hatch near the VAV and CAV regulators. (see L.1.05.5)


For the installation of VAV and CAV regulators between air ducts, see the section “installation

instructions for accessories”.

L.1.06.4 coolers and heaters

material quality

For normal comfort ventilation, coolers and reheaters are made from the following materials:

casing: Sendzimir galvanised steel; lamellas: aluminium; pipes: copper; distributor/collector: steel or copper..


joints

Coolers and/or heaters or reheaters must have a flanged edge, so that this can be securely joined with

the air duct system. If reducing couplings are needed for this, see the section “air ducts” for the types

of these. In order to prevent leakage or damage, drilling and suchlike must be avoided when

installing the accessory. For air volumes up to 2000 m3/h, it is most common to use built-in heaters

and coolers with round connections. These accessories can be connected more efficiently to the air

ducts and contribute to the airtightness of the air duct system if these accessories have sufficient

airtightness according to EN 1751.

For air volumes greater than 2000 m3/h, it is most common to use heaters and coolers with a drip trap

that are interposed in the air duct system (see drawing below).

dimensions

The available nominal dimensions of the interposed coolers / heaters are standardised

according to EN 1505 and can be selected as indicated in the table of standard

dimensions shown in this Manual in section A.1.06. They refer to the length, with a

tolerance of +0 to -5 mm.

The dimensions depend on the manufacturer, and with regard to the height (H) are

usually available in multiples of 30, 40 or 60 mm. The width (W) is usually available in

multiples of 50 and/or 100 mm. In order to guarantee that the accessory functions

correctly, it is recommended that the ratio (W/H) should be 4, and that there should be

an even supply of air inflow.


HIt must be possible at all times to inspect interposed coolers and/or heaters for leakage,

contamination etc. For this purpose, an inspection hatch must be incorporated in the air

ducts, immediately before and after the cooler and/or heater. (see L. 1.05.5)


Interposed coolers and heaters must be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s

instructions. For the installation of the coolers / heaters between the air ducts, see also

the section “installation instructions for accessories”. In contrast to the stipulations of

that section, a suspension structure must be made at a distance of 100 - 400 mm both

before and after the cooler / heater. (see L. 1.05.2)

fitting and finishing of insulation

The insulation must be fitted in accordance with the manufacturer’s / supplier’s

instructions. Specifically in the case of fibrous material (internal insulation), seams and

suchlike must be finished in such a way that the fibre material cannot be carried along

through the air flow. In order to prevent condensation, the insulation for coolers must be

provided with a vapour-tight finish on the outside, if condensation can occur.

condensate drainage

Coolers must have a drip trap and drain pan, with a provision for condensate drainage

with inclusion of a siphon and sufficient height to compensate for the pressure

difference that occurs. The drainage pipe must also have a non-pressure drainage

provision.

transport and storage

A great deal of attention must be given to the transport. Coolers and heaters must be

transported in a responsible and emphatically careful manner, in such a way that transit

damage is prevented. It is therefore recommended that wooden crates or containers

should be used for their transport. Coolers / heaters are liable to distortion if handled

carelessly or roughly. It is therefore essential to unload them with great care. Damage to

cooling pipes increases the likelihood of leakage. To prevent damage as much as

possible, it is recommended that the timing of the delivery to the construction site

should be closely co-ordinated with the progress of the installation.

L.1.06.5 humidifiers

general

The steam humidifiers that are used shall be of either direct-steam or indirect-steam

type. The distribution manifold must be installed at an inclined angle or vertically

upright, in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. For the correct condensate

drainage, the pressure in the return pipe must be considerably lower than the prevailing

steam pressure.

material quality

For normal comfort ventilation, humidifiers are made from the following materials:

casing: usually made of coated Sendzimir galvanised sheet steel with a drain pan. In special cases, the casing shall be made of stainless steel.

distribution manifold: stainless steel.

joints

Humidifiers must have a casing with a flanged edge, so that this can be securely joined

with the air duct system. If reducing couplings are needed for this, see the section “air

ducts” for the types of these. For optimum functioning of the humidifier, see

“installation instructions” below..

dimensions

Humidifiers can usually be adapted to the existing dimensions. It is recommended that

the supplier should be consulted about the possible in-build lengths of distribution

manifolds.


It must be possible at all times to inspect a humidifier with regard to leakage,

contamination etc.. For this purpose, the humidifier must be sufficiently removable to

allow all components of the humidifier to be inspected and if necessary changed.


Humidifiers must be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. For

the installation of humidifiers between the air ducts, see also the section “installation

instructions for accessories”. The humidifiers must be fitted in such a way that they

form a rigid and stable whole with the air ducts. It must be possible to install the water-

side connections with electric power off. To ensure that the steam is well absorbed in

the air, a 2 m length of straight duct must be installed after the humidifier. Humidifiers

are liable to distortion if handled carelessly or roughly. It is therefore essential to unload

them with great care. To prevent damage as much as possible, it is recommended that

the timing of the delivery to the construction site should be closely co-ordinated with

the progress of the installation.





through the air flow. In order to prevent condensation, the insulation for adiabatic

humidifiers must be provided with a vapour-tight finish on the outside.

condensate drainage

The humidifiers must have a drain pan, with a provision for condensate drainage with

inclusion of a siphon and sufficient height to compensate for the pressure difference that

occurs. The drainage pipe must also have a non-pressure drainage provision.

transport and storage

A great deal of attention must be given to the transport. Humidifiers must be transported

in a responsible and emphatically careful manner, in such a way that transit damage is

prevented. It is therefore recommended that wooden crates or containers should be used

for their transport. Steam humidifiers are liable to distortion if handled carelessly or

roughly. It is therefore essential to unload them with great care. Damage to cooling

pipes increases the likelihood of leakage.

L.1.06.6 filter sections

material quality

For normal comfort ventilation, filter sections are made from the following materials:

casing: Sendzimir galvanised sheet steel, provided with an inspection hatch or door.

Other material, depending on the

application, in consultation with the

supplier.

joints

The filter section must have a casing and a flanged edge, so that this can be securely

joined with the air duct system. If reducing couplings are needed for this, see the section

“air ducts” for the types of these.

dimensions

The nominal dimensions of the filter section refer to the standard dimensions of the

filter units with a tolerance of +0 to -5 mm. The dimensions are standardised as shown

in the table below.

The length of the filter varies according to the type and construction, from 200 mm to

915 mm.


For the installation of filter sections, see the section “installation instructions for

accessories”.


It must be possible at all times to inspect the filter section with regard to contamination.

For this purpose, there must be, in the installed situation, a possibility to easily remove,

check and replace the filter. The degree of contamination can be measured using a

“Delta P” (differential pressure) meter.





through the air flow.

L.1.06.7 inspection hatches

general

Although the Luka installation instructions recommend the installation of hatches to

provide possibilities for inspection, these should only be fitted if they are stated or

indicated in the specifications or contract drawings.

Where the specifications state that the air duct systems must be provided with

inspection hatches, the positions and dimensions of these must be indicated on the

drawing. These hatches, provided with a gasket, must be securely fastened to the duct

section, without weakening the structural execution of this section. The duct section can

also be made as a complete formed component, provided with a hatch. This duct section

can be installed between the sections of the ongoing main duct.

material quality

For normal comfort ventilation, inspection hatches must be made of the same materials

as the air ducts. An exception to this are the mineral wool and rigid foam ducts, for

which metal hatches can be used.

dimensions

The dimensions depend on the manufacturer and can, for example, be selected as

indicated in the following table for standard dimensions: The nominal dimensions of the

inspection hatches have a tolerance of +0 to -5 mm..



instructions. Specifically in the case of fibrous material (internal insulation), seams

and suchlike must be finished in such a way that the fibre material cannot be carried

along through the air flow.

installation

Non-insulated inspection covers can be in-built or on-built in both round tube and

rectangular duct. After carefully making the correct opening in the duct, the

inspection cover must be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s

instructions.

Insulated inspection covers are normally installed in the case of insulated ducts. After

carefully making the correct opening in the duct, a sealant must first be applied on

the underside of the inspection cover frame, before installing this on the opening that

has been made. The frame should preferably be fastened to the sheet steel duct wall

using pop rivets or self-tapping screws. The insulation on the inspection cover frame

must then be finished using aluminium tape.

L.1.06.8 measurement stations to be in-built in ducts

material quality

For normal comfort ventilation, measurement stations are made from the following

material:

casing: Sendzimir galvanised steel or plastic PPS..

joints

Rectangular measurement stations must have a casing with a flanged edge, so that

this can be securely joined with the air duct system. If reducing couplings are needed

for this, see the section “air ducts” for the types of these. Round measurement

stations can have either a flanged edge or a push-in joint.

dimensions

The dimensions are standardised according to EN 1505 and 1506 and can be selected

as indicated in the table of standard dimensions shown in this Manual in sections

A1.06 and A.3.06. The nominal dimensions of the measurement stations have a

tolerance of +0 to -5 mm.







For the installation of measurement stations, see the section “installation instructions

for accessories”. The measurement station must be installed in such a way that the

arrow on the casing points in the direction of the air flow. This is very important for

correct functioning.

L.1.06.9 round and rectangular sound attenuators

L.1.06.9.1 round sound attenuators

Material quality

For manufacturing round sound attenuators, the following materials are used:

Sendzimir galvanised tube for the outer jacket and perforated Sendzimir galvanised tube for the inner jacket (rigid attenuators);

aluminium spiral-wound flexible tube (semi-flexible attenuators); plastic, polystyrene foam rubber (sound attenuator in duct).

wall thickness

For the Sendzimir galvanised tube, the standard implementation must have a wall

thickness as shown below. For the (semi-)flexible attenuator, the wall thickness

depends on the manufacturer.

types of sound attenuators

Round attenuators appear in general as:

The generally available types of round sound attenuators are: rigid attenuators (both straight and in the form of a bend) Rigid attenuators consist

of a spiral-wound (or rolled sheet with longitudinal seam) outer jacket and a perforated inner jacket with acoustic insulation material between these two jackets, in the form of rock wool or glass wool. Between the insulation and the perforated inner jacket, there is a cloth to prevent the fibres of the insulation material from entering the duct. The ends of the attenuator have a push-in joint, possibly including a rubber sealing ring or with flanges, so that the attenuator can be securely joined with the air duct system. Depending on the application for which the attenuator is used, it can be provided with a coulisse or core.

semi-flexible attenuators Semi-flexible attenuators consist of an inner and outer hose made of flexible aluminium hose, with glass wool insulation between them. Between the inner hose and the insulation, there can optionally be a cloth to prevent the fibres of the insulation material from entering the duct. The inner hose is perforated. The ends have a push-in joint for direct installation in the air duct system.

length of sound attenuators

The length of a sound attenuator depends on its function in the air duct system. The

most frequently used attenuators are available in lengths of 300, 500, 600, 750, 900,

1000 and 1200 mm.

diameters

Diameters of sound attenuators are standardised according to EN 1506 and can be

selected as indicated in the table of standard dimensions shown in this Manual in

section A.3.06. The thickness of the insulation depends on the use, and is available in

25, 50 and 100 mm.






bends of semi-flexible sound attenuators

A minimum bend radius causes a large pressure drop, so an attempt must be made to

use the largest possible bend radius. For semi-flexible attenuators, a minimum bend

radius of R= d + 2 x the insulation thickness must be used. The suppliers advise a

minimum bend radius of 2 x the diameter (d).

Double bends must be avoided.


For the installation of round sound attenuators, see the section “installation


L.1.06.9.2 rectangular sound attenuators

material quality

For manufacturing rectangular sound attenuators, the following materials are used:

outer jacket: Sendzimir galvanised sheet; coulisses: mineral wool panels, finished to prevent the fibres from entering the air

flow.


joints

Rectangular sound attenuators must have a flanged edge, so that this can be securely

joined with the air duct system. If reducing couplings are needed for this, see the

section “air ducts” for the types of these.

dimensions

The dimensions are standardised according to EN 1505 and can be selected as

indicated in the table of standard dimensions shown in this Manual in section A1.06.

The most frequently used standard lengths are: 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500 mm.

Other lengths, depending on the application, in consultation with the supplier. The

nominal dimensions of the sound attenuators have a tolerance of +0 to -5 mm.

"guso ring"







It must be possible at all times to inspect the sound attenuator with regard to

contamination etc. For this purpose, there must be an inspection hatch near the sound

attenuator. (L.1.05.5)


For the installation of rectangular sound attenuators, see the section “installation


airtightness

Because a sound attenuator is regarded as an air duct, the same airtightness

requirements are applicable as for all air ducts.

L.1.06.10 flexible hoses

For the correct installation of flexible hoses, the following points for attention must

be observed.

points for attention

A brief outline is given of:

general; shortening hoses; making connections; suspension points; brackets; bends; connection to ducts and fittings; static electricity.

general

fully extend the hose: if the hose is not fully extended, this results in unnecessary loss of pressure;

never use more hose than is absolutely necessary, unless the calculation has taken this into account;

an attempt should be made to use minimum 0.5 m to maximum 1.5 m of hose. If a greater length must be used, the hose must be correctly suspended with brackets;

when installing the hose, ensure that no damage is caused to the hose; damaged inner hoses must be immediately replaced; minor damage to the outer jacket must be finished with tape (aluminium tape or

PVC tape, depending on the material of the hose).

shortening non-insulated hoses

fully extend the hose; measure the required length and mark this point with a felt pen; cut the material around the entire circumference between the spiral-winding; use wire-cutters to cut through the spiral of the hose; cut off the superfluous spiral.

shortening insulated hoses

fully extend the hose;; measure the required length and mark this point with a felt pen; using a sharp knife, cut through the outer jacket, the insulation material and the

inner hose; cut the hose around the entire circumference and use wire-cutters to cut through

the spiral of the inner hose. Cut off the superfluous spiral; trim off any superfluous insulation material using scissors.

making connections with non-insulated hoses

shorten the hose in the correct way; push the hose at least 40 mm over the connection; then fix the hose with a strong hose clamp; the hose can also be fitted using a so-called “guso” ring.

However, this must be done in accordance with the suppliers’ installation

instructions.

making connections with insulated hoses

shorten the hose in the correct way; push the insulation material and the outer jacket back a little, and stick the outer

jacket, including the insulation material, firmly and in an airtight manner to the inner hose, using tape.

push the hose at least 40 mm over the connection; preferably use tape with a width of at least 50 mm; using a strong hose clamp, fix the outer jacket and the inner hose to the

connection; use aluminium tape for pure aluminium and aluminium foil hoses, and use plastic

tape for plastic hoses; the hose can also be fitted using a so-called “guso” ring.

However, this must be done in accordance with the suppliers’ installation

instructions.

suspension points

the maximum allowable sag of the hose between two fastening points is 50 mm (measured in the centre);

the distance between two suspension points can vary from 1.5 to 3 m. This distance depends on the type of hose that is used.

brackets

A hose is generally very flexible and can become distorted quite easily. Distortion

reduces the internal diameter and increases the pressure loss. When fitting brackets

(using e.g. perforated strapping), it is therefore important to ensure that the diameter

of the hose is not reduced. The hose must also be supported over at least half the

circumference.

bends of flexible hoses

According to EN 13180, the bend radius of a flexible duct must comply with R = d.

However, this minimum bend radius causes a large pressure drop, so an attempt must

be made to use the largest possible bend radius.

For flexible hoses, a minimum bend radius of R = d + 2 x the insulation thickness

should be used. The manufacturers advise a minimum bend radius of 2 x the

diameter (d). Double bends must be avoided.

connection to ducts and fittings

The connection of flexible hoses to ducts and fittings must be executed with due

care. Because many hoses are installed in a bend immediately after the connection to

the duct or fitting, it is necessary to use a supporting bracket.

If the duct connection is too “sharp”, flexible hoses can become split. When

connecting a hose to light or air fittings, the connection must be made as “direct” as

possible, while taking account of the above remarks. Too many bends in the hose

near a fitting cause the pressure loss to increase unnecessarily, and can cause noise.

A minimum bend radius gives a large pressure drop.

An attempt must therefore be made to use the largest possible bend radius with a

straight intake of 2 x the diameter (d). For flexible hoses, a minimum bend radius of

R = d + 2 x the insulation thickness should be used. The suppliers advise a minimum

bend radius of 2 x the diameter (d). Double bends must be avoided.

static electricity

In a number of situations, especially in the case of plastic hoses, it is possible that the build-up and

discharge of static electricity can cause an explosion hazard. By connecting the spiral wire of the

flexible hose to an earth wire, the build-up of static electricity can be minimised.

L.1.06.11 plenum boxes (grille plenums)

material quality

Plenum boxes for grilles can be made from metal, mineral wool, plastic or rigid foam. Plenum

boxes can be provided with internal or external insulation, depending on what is required.

wall thickness

Wall thickness of the material depends on the application and type of material.

types

There are many types of plenum boxes, depending on the use, type of grille and application. A

plenum box for e.g. a ceiling grille will normally look like the figure below. A distinction can be

made between a plenum box with a top connection and a side connection for a duct system.

The seams in the plenum box must be made airtight by applying permanently plastic sealant.

connection to ducts

Ducts are usually connected to the plenum box using a flexible hose. For this purpose, a flat saddle

piece is fitted to the box. For this, see the installation instructions for “flexible hoses”.

installation of grille plenums

There are various possibilities for installing grille plenums in e.g. a “dropped” ceiling, but this

depends on the manufacturer and type. In any case, however, the grille plenums must have

installation provisions for fastening the box (using e.g. adjustable hangers) to the structural ceiling

above.

M.1.00 Airtightness

M.1.01 general

Working closely with suppliers and manufacturers of accessories, Luka aims to restrict the

air leakage of the air flow path, and thus to reduce the energy use of the air-conditioning

installation.

The air flow path should be understood to mean:

air ducts; accessories to be interposed between air ducts; flexible hoses.

M.1.02 airtightness of air ducts

An air duct system is only required to be perfectly airtight in exceptional cases. For

example, a leak may be impermissible for safety reasons, e.g. if the duct carries hazardous

gases or heavily polluted air. A duct system for a ventilation and climate control installation,

which is made according to current production methods, will have a certain amount of

leakage at seams and joints. For reasons of finance and operational disruption, it is desirable

to establish the allowable amount of leakage air. Although the leakage occurs at the

transverse and longitudinal joints, especially at the corners, it is assumed that the amount of

leakage air is proportional to the surface area of the duct wall. Research has shown that the

amount of leakage air per m2 of wall surface area can be calculated as follows:

The permissible amount of leakage air is related to classes of airtightness, for which a

certain test pressure applies, derived from EN 1507 and 12237. In international practice, the

following classes are used:

Unless otherwise specified, Luka uses Class C as the airtightness requirement.

Measurements can determine whether the section of duct being tested satisfies the

requirement. In practice, after measurement with the appropriate test equipment, the degree

of leakage is immediately assessed on the basis of a graph that shows the maximum

allowable air loss for Class C airtightness for installed duct sections.

When the leakage test is performed, it shall comply with the following points:

the section to be tested has been installed, but preferably not yet provided with external insulation;

the section to be tested has been separated in an airtight manner from the rest of the system, together with any accessories interposed within that section, for which the test requirements have been established;

if a total duct system, also known as the “air flow path”, is being assessed, the section to be tested must have a surface area of minimum 10 m2 and maximum 80 m2; (depending on the capacity of the test equipment)

the section to be tested must be kept at the test pressure for 5 minutes before the leakage volume flow is measured;

a maximum of 1% of the total surface area of the duct project must be tested; the deviation of the test pressure is permitted to be approx. 20 Pa.

operating principle

The leakage tester basically consists of an adjustable-speed fan, a manometer to measure the

pressure in the air duct, a calibrated air intake (venturi) and a precision inclined manometer

to measure the suction pressure in the venturi. Three different air intakes are supplied (each

with its own curve) in order to cover the entire range of the leakage tester. When the leakage

tester is connected to the duct section to be tested, the speed of the fan is adjusted so that the

required test pressure is maintained within the established margin. The amount of air lost

through leakage is sucked through the venturi of the leakage tester. From the reading shown

by the inclined manometer, the air leakage in l/s can be read off the table on the leakage

tester. The measuring instrument must be calibrated every 3 years, and must have a

measurement accuracy of ±5 %.

In addition to the leakage tester described above, a version is also available that gives a

digital reading. As a result of the long-term accuracy, calibration can take place every 5

years.

The above procedures are laid down in EN 1751, 1507 and 12237.

M.1.03 airtightness of accessories

M.1.03.1 measurement method for air leakage of accessories

In order to assess whether an accessory complies with the stated airtightness requirement,

measurements must be made. The operating principle of the measurement is basically the

same as for measuring air ducts. For the measurements on a single accessory, a standard test

fixture is required. A measurement fixture of this kind, in accordance with EN 1751, is

shown in the photograph on the left of the text.

For the Luka System Certificate, Luka members must obtain measurement reports from

accessory suppliers or information via the “Luka Accessory Register”, the “LAR”, in order

to assess whether the projected accessories comply with the stated airtightness requirement.

Measurements must be performed by a measurement institute with a quality system that

conforms to ISO 17025. The (inter)national accreditation body of this measurement institute

must be recognised and a member of the EA MLA. With regard to the recognition, see the

website of the Dutch Accreditation Council (Raad van Accreditatie: www.rva.nl/search).

The Luka members also accept the measurement reports of accessory suppliers themselves,

provided that these suppliers have a valid TÜV Rheinland Nederland BV “Meetlabel”

(measurement label).

http://www.rva.nl/search

M.1.03.2 rectangular accessories

The European standard EN 1751 provides that, for determining the allowable air leakage of

damper registers, when the actual length is ≤ 1 metre, an equivalent length of 1 metre should

be used for the length of these accessories. For practical reasons, it has been agreed between

Luka and suppliers or manufacturers that this equivalent length should be used for all

rectangular accessories, insofar as the technical execution permits and the actual length is <

1 metre. This entails that the formula for the maximum air leakage for each rectangular

accessory is: øL/acc = f.Ps0.65.(2H + 2W).L (l/s)

where:

øL/app = maximum amount of air leakage in l/s

f = leakage factor

Ps = static pressure Pa

B = width of the component in metres

H = height of the component in metres

L = length of the component in metres; L = 1 when the length of the accessory is less than 1

metre, or L = the actual length if the length is more than 1 metre.

example: calculation of the allowable air loss

For a fire damper 600 x 600 mm with L = 500 mm.

Ps = 1000 Pa

f = 0.009 (see table in section M.1.02 “airtightness of air ducts”).

This fire damper is thus permitted to leak a maximum of 1.92 l/s to the surroundings at 1000

Pa in order to comply with Airtightness Class B. On the basis of the above formula, the

maximum allowable leakage for an accessory (with a length < 1 metre) in Airtightness Class

B at the following pressures can be calculated as follows:

M.1.03.3 round accessories

For practical reasons, Luka has agreed with suppliers or manufacturers that the equivalent

length of 1 metre, as stipulated in the standard EN 1751, should also be used for all round

accessories, insofar as the technical execution permits and the actual length of the accessory

is < 1 metre. This entails that the formula for the maximum amount of air leakage for each

round accessory that complies with Airtightness Class C is:

M.1.03.4 flexible hoses

The procedure for determining the airtightness of flexible hoses is laid down in EN 13810.

M.1.03.5 determination of surface area of the duct to be tested

The table below shows how to determine the number of m2 of system surface area that must

be used in the formula for the air leakage. In the table, a length of 1000 mm is used for the

accessory, unless the actual length is greater than 1 metre. In that case, the actual length

must be filled in. (see also section 5.02 “measurement methods”)

3. Quality aspects

3.01 Quality control

The quality assurance policy within Luka is the most important aspect of the association’s policy. It must be possible for customers and principals to impose

high demands on the certainty offered by Luka members in the areas of quality, delivery reliability and compliance with specifications. Luka members are

aware that quality depends on the functioning of the organisation; quality problems are often found to have an organisational cause.

In order to satisfy the quality requirements, Luka members must “say what they do” and “do what they say”. And make this open to verification. Luka

members have a quality assurance system that complies with, or is derived from, ISO 9000.

Luka members give their personnel the opportunity to gain professional skills by means of specialist training courses, safety courses etc.. All these aspects

form the basis for independent quality assurance monitoring by TÜV Rheinland Nederland BV, which conducts the inspection and is responsible for the

airtightness measurements performed by the Luka members themselves.

TÜV Rheinland Nederland BV conducts quality inspections using a checklist based on the quality assurance standards laid down in this Quality Assurance

Manual. By regularly checking the supplied and installed products, TÜV Rheinland Nederland BV can assess whether the Luka members conform to these

standards. On the basis of these checks, TÜV Rheinland Nederland BV Certification provides annual confirmation of each Luka member’s quality assurance by

awarding an “Oorkonde TÜV Rheinland Nederland BV Product Label” certificate (see annex).

Associate members of Luka, which manufacture and/or supply accessories and wish to conduct airtightness measurements themselves, are also monitored by

TÜV Rheinland Nederland BV. The correctness of the measurement method and measurement results are checked each year, and TÜV Rheinland Nederland

BV provides confirmation of the correctness by awarding an “Oorkonde TÜV Rheinland Nederland BV Meetlabel” certificate (see annex).

3.02 Quality guarantee

The quality of the technical execution of the air ducts laid down in the section “Quality assurance standards for air

ducts” is guaranteed by means of internal and external quality assurance procedures.

In practice, air ducts often form part of a total piping network for which only a limited amount of space is available.

The design and planning departments of each Luka member, working together with the principal, can produce co-

ordinated working drawings that guarantee an integrated duct system aligned with the manufacturing possibilities. In

addition to skilled personnel, the use of modern computer-controlled manufacturing equipment ensures constant and

optimum quality of the produced air ducts. Each of the disciplines involved in the manufacturing process closely

supervises the execution of the work, to ensure continuous compliance with the quality assurance standards.

If the air ducts are also installed by the Luka member, the installation work is performed by skilled personnel in

accordance with the requirements, i.e. the “installation instructions”, imposed in the Luka quality assurance

standards. Frequent on-site checks are conducted by installation inspectors designated by the Luka member to check

compliance with these instructions, and to prevent and/or resolve any non-conformities in relation to the co-

ordinated plan.

Each Luka member has arranged its organisation in such a way that it operates within the spirit of the Dutch standard

for quality management (ISO 9000). In addition, external monitoring of the product quality takes place in the form

of regular checks for compliance with the quality aspects, conducted by the independent quality assurance inspectors

of TÜV Rheinland Nederland BV. Sanctions are imposed in the event of non-compliance with those standards. If a

company wishes to become a member of the Netherlands Association of Air Duct Manufacturers (Luka), a ballot is

held on the basis of the solvency and identity of the company’s organisation. The candidate’s ability to continuously

comply with the Luka quality assurance standards in terms of manufacturing facilities is also investigated. In short:

each Luka member, at its own level of scale, is a reliable construction partner that is able to guarantee a consistently

high quality of project execution.

Kortom: Luka-leden, ieder op hun niveau van omvang, zijn betrouwbare bouwpartners die garant staan voor een

constante kwalitatieve uitvoering van projecten.

3.03 External quality control by TÜV Rheinland Nederland BV

To ensure that the Luka members actually manufacture and/or install the ducts in accordance with the Luka quality

assurance standards, the association has concluded a contract with TÜV Rheinland Nederland BV. Independent

external checks are conducted by TÜV Rheinland Nederland BV, giving a guarantee that the ductwork is executed

correctly. Quality assurance inspectors of TÜV Rheinland Nederland BV regularly monitor the compliance with the

standards.

If a Luka member does not satisfy the quality assurance standards, contractually agreed sanctions, to which all Luka

members have unconditionally subscribed, can come into effect.

Through the continuous quality monitoring procedures of TÜV Rheinland Nederland BV, it is possible that Luka

will provide a “Quality Assurance Certificate” or “System Certificate” for the projects executed by its members

(see annex).

But the collaboration between Luka and TÜV Rheinland Nederland BV goes even further. If any technical issues

arise, Luka can call upon the technical knowledge, experience, measuring equipment and laboratories of TÜV

Rheinland Nederland BV in order to find a solution, by applying a theoretical approach and/or conducting practical

tests. Representatives of TÜV Rheinland Nederland BV also regularly attend the meetings of Luka’s Environment

and Technology Committee (Commissie Milieu en Techniek: CMT), and provide it with practical assistance and

advice.

3.04 Policy statement of members and

associate members of LUKA

3.05 Contract specifications

The Luka members produce and install air ducts in accordance with the Luka Quality Assurance Manual (latest version).

The added value offered by Luka members compared with other suppliers is due to the fact that, among other things, the Luka quality

is monitored and guaranteed on the basis of inspections conducted at their workplaces by TÜV Rheinland Nederland BV. This means

that the air duct customers are assured of total quality control. Through the continuous quality monitoring procedures of TÜV

Rheinland Nederland BV, Luka can provide a Quality Assurance Certificate or System Certificate for projects executed by its

members.

To ensure that the consultant not only demands but actually receives Luka quality, the contract specifications should refer explicitly to

Luka standards. However, the phrase “Supply in accordance with Luka standards” is not sufficient.

Luka advises that the following phrase should be included in the contract specifications:

“Supply and installation in accordance with the Luka Quality Assurance Manual, confirmed with a valid Luka Quality

Assurance Certificate”

If requirements are imposed on the construction and airtightness of the air flow path (including accessories), Luka advises that the

following contract specifications should be used:

All the supplied air ducts, accessories and hoses must comply with their respective EN standards.

The complete air flow path, both supply and exhaust, between the air-conditioning unit and the grilles (i.e. including grille plenums)

must be supplied and installed in accordance with the quality and execution standards laid down in the Luka Quality Assurance Manual

(latest version), in compliance with Airtightness Class B as a minimum, as described in EN 1505, 1506, 1507, 1751, 13180 and 12237.

The airtightness must be tested and demonstrated by means of a leakage test report.

The quality and execution of the air flow path must be satisfactorily demonstrated to the principal, and confirmed by means of a “Luka

System Certificate”.

This is the only way to guarantee genuine Luka quality. If higher requirements of airtightness of the duct system are imposed (e.g. for

reasons of energy saving), these must be explicitly stated in the specifications, so that the construction of the air duct system can be

adjusted accordingly.

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