luqlrdl~dwmmiwqlrd~donaiu~ilu o~nufiq~iu'm~~u'~~t~i~~qlrd...
TRANSCRIPT
1. lklkuddrtslul^rm~~a1~a b~Ufbms?% nafr~l3od (Mikhail Sergeyevich
Gorbarhev) L^;UU~LIUIUL~? - d ? ~ (Glasnost - Perestroika) lu n.R. 1985 bdod%
d~ebnw~r~bu~i$uuani~dr:.~~i~d~~~tlu"u deuiu knharlil~biiaflaiuw'uwaun"~nid
a bnia?;ronn% (Commonwealth of Independent States - CIS) YU
2. uuanaiu~imdatrau~~r:cn~~~id 7 luqlrdl~dwmmiwqlrd~donaiu~ilu ranmwun:~doil o~n"ufiq~iu'm~~u'~~t~i~~qlrd~tb~iima~~nul~nd 2 n k ~Uudui
uo~nisaniduidr:sinuq~rd 4hdf:auwnrh ~ialudnisnunini~~~~r~~ii~~tb!nir r ~ o d u n a i u ~ m ~ o ~ n i r d d a t ~ n ~ ~ a u i ~ n d r : " ~ ~ i n u q ~ s d ~ ~ r a u n ' u ~ ~ ~ m n i w ~ ~ ~ Y (Euro-
pean Union) u~di f ia9uiat8nirmiduimni~ :~f du"~ uci&aow~darauqlrdlrXCi
d cl qbd ~ ~ t l ~ ~ ~ l : n 7 ~ ~ ~ l d ~ i ~ ~ l ~ d (The European Union - EU) adu~uitn
rhuuinSu t iou~~lrXawniwqlnldunuinun:diuiar ioro~~~~un~r~i io~ nir
nwis rrnt~~r~f ia1u~~nulnnu~nU"tb u r u r ~ G u a h f i q ~ i ~ r i i ~ ~ r i u o ~ ~ l r d d ~ ~ n s ~ i l u
~ ~ s : n a i u l i ~ u n ~ ~ o ~ a n l u n i ~ & i u l u d ~ z ~ n ~ ? ~ ~ ~ ~ C~iiwan.r:nucio~aiiufniw~o~
g l n l cl~adnnuIannkA 2 q I ~ ~ n a i s ~ ~ u ~ a f i u a ~ n i ~ ~ o ~ : w i i ~ ~ l l i u ' ~ a n ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ : 91
t: diunoutairan' d ~ ~ ~ u r n r w ~ ~ a ~ a ~ n n u r ~ u r r ~ : : n i ~ ~ w ~ ~ w M ' i n " u r r u u a n u a ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~
u ~ n i f i k n d i a ~ ~ c i o u n ~ i s s ~ ~ u q n d ~ n i . r d o u n a i n n a i u ~ c ~ n ~ n n (Dktente n.V.
1969 - 1979) .LLdfi~fh{ ~ ~ $ 9 4 ~ ? ~ l c l d d L ~ i I ~ ~ ~s~qhd f i n~uh l $ ? ~ I ~ L W ~ ~ H M ' I n"u?in
nnuounsidnmnwi 1980 aniuni.rddid .I niu~u$~dfili'un:nai sGu r$rl.~:si-
uiEudu^slbs raainruia no~waod (Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev) L~%&mniw
kfiuaduuloui srqn - d?q dduonoinaz~iil~r~nni.r~d$rruudat n h d ~ w i ~ i a ~ u
g~.rdnr~uoonuarq~fdnaidrror? kGi ld fn i~duaa iuun~awniwl r~? uol nazn1.r
iuqma~nmurfiuIdgn
~ e r ~ e ~ e v i c ~ h r b a c h e v ) d d r n n i w ~ a i ? e n ~ ~ u ~ ~ u ~ n ' ~ ~ i e r 1g~3n - dBw (Glasnost - Perestroika) ui'L4Iu n.R. 1985 LA od&ddx ~nnmiurruaniddfrai%dl~ ocu
n ~ $ u i a o ~ ~ 6 d ~ ~ u ~ u u i ~ 0 i i d d ~ r n n ~ ~ ~ a m n a i u ~ r n ~ u n u a : ~ ~ u " p l n ~ . r ~ w i i a d ~ t r n ~ ~
lmu~awitn'ww~oruim &!udad.rrwi1d n.m. 1985 - 1989 iini~d.rrqugnuon d: t:, t:
~:~ i i~d . r t rn~nf ia~7Biu ion~ 2 Odd 4 clad onn~lui'u n.er. 1989 wwniwl.ar4umrr~t L:
~ l l i ~ ~ ~ u i n i f i a ~ u i u i a u n ' u ~ u G o n n a ~ f i i n " n o i ~ s i i , a r n ~ o ~ ~ ~ u n a i ~ u o ~ n ~ 2 din
&luyhdr~srrodu d o u i l u r i i ~ u u n i n.H. 1989 awniwlaiiumiinounou
iii kn~i.rooneindsr~naai. lni laniu ua:iauro.roin"u~~jnruinird oy l i l q w i
naiuu'oluriJaatnixf~u n'~lu~~lnairr~tii,ni.rin"a iouilutGoufuainu n.n. I 989 - d d~:mui%u~oofo ya (George Bush) u~:d.r~alu~~u~no5uiaovJA~~wununrni:
uoani (Malta) ~ ( l ~ d ~ : ~ ~ l ~ i ~ d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d b ~ d ~ 0 ~ i 9 ; b ~ ~ ~ i d ~ i f ~ i
A ~o?cl ~ a ~ u c l ~ n o f (Erich Honecker) d~rrnutlo~uni~n~~~LLn~mm~~5'~d~:: '217~d~~ ~uorah (The German Democratic Republic) ~f~uni~6au5'uodi~~~uni~ni~dn~~uou L ~ O ? ' U ~ 7 ~ U U ~ U U C1.W. 1987
A drmuuni~~munugsruo~u'u (German Bundestag) tnu~.n'a7~o' olr.?ai lir~in (Prof.
Dr. Rita Stissmuth) dnmiu~Jun~iuhniyJoJni~n~u~ou 40 3 ro~ani$ununa~n:o ? c w i 7 ~UUIUU cl.m. 1989
n~ad?u~d~uuu~uuiuuo~mmwl~~?umpiiiIw'da:~n~~ladm~a'u~on~~ inu
mno~lm~n'Busu~rnianau1u~~~mniwl~i4u~~~iimnaiuKu~auni~G~nuiia:niaiii~~ aaa d d~:ainsuo~dc~n~ndidd~ld~1ii~ni~iia:niauaam~i3u~m:0innia~~~~uodi~
i 6 d a m ua:naiuau;~dqu~uo~iloTol~dniadia~~?m i iu dar in~qladnl~tiumnfi
duin~~u~claoiahu?~uwin~u idu n4unpikt.r 77 (Charter 77) Iuda:in~ialn-
a:kn:aiio d d ~ ~ . a ' ~ ~ d u u ~ d u ~ o ~ i u i ~ m - d 3 ~ ~ u o d n ofuiaodluniadon3'osln~r~ d' t u n
niwuinuu3 nuntomnonrsuniriiio~iu~ d n a : ~ u h i i n n i ~ n i a i i i o ~ ~ o ~ a i ~ i a n
nia~n~oul'~ani~niaiiio~odi~~oido~uo~n~u~eio6iu?~uia'bua:'~ii~i6ou~ainu
i i~wq~$niuu n.R. 1989 ~~iI~ifimnirquyuiia:niai~uuuauIun~~~a7nOtii~'bBjui~
a:u: ~uiaialna:la~i~iiui~unau~u10iuni~~*1Bjl6 S ~ c i o ~ iaaoi5uaiaaid a i n a
~Giuuaunia%?n ld?u (Civic Forum) i i luwa'bw'~~iwa~nnou~aii ,~66o~ai~on
oindi LL'Mdd LLRL~IT~AI~ ElIL2R fil&?iu 6~nl[w'~~~d3:l5l~l^sufl '~Eldd3~i~Rilln~:lfl-
aiii?u~ui~ou<uainu n . ~ . 1 98g4
niss2rrsraasuQ
Iudadia ~ i ~ f l ~ a n ' ~ 6 i f i m n a i u i n ~ o d ~ a n i ~ n i a i ~ ~ ~ l ~ i a l n ~ : l ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ da:in~ d
ylsdmra'uoono uq fi ifimnaiuwirwauni~nia~do~iia:G~nu niaw aun~iunia:
$4 iniunr~iW ~Boliunio~u~~aiaiu~a~u~:a'uoonlunia~uiu~n~ia~ni~m~~liou
ni~d~~d~uiuoauirm:a'uonn 'Lu~:'~ii~niniiuuu~u~ui~of~~m:a'u~on'lwciu n.R. d d d
1988 ~ ~ G u q d i u a u 120 nuuo~ruamaRirlmwnuaoii~~iauTna~inuaaau
(Church from the Grassroots) gnciu ~ i ~ ~ n u ~ d i ~ u m m ~ d a o u ~ 0 9 ' i ~ r i w a n ~ ~ i ~ u b ~ l a d naa P1 BI
mnauiu (Gethsemane Church) iiR:fin 2 ailairkioui d l i r~u~ i~+~r i luwnn iw~~uu
"oifiifi lui&~dl~d 7 id% lRaaLIu (~resden) ilinslfl~ili~ja:nktuniab~uuuau
id oiiun~a~'m8u ywuau i a i m w l u n i a ~ m u a ~ i ~ n i w u o ~ w ~ ~ ~ o ~ u w " ~~~niaslb"d
n?naiuguiiad6u piii~w'u"wioin laiuninof (Erich Honecker) I ~ o n i r d i ~ u u m i
i i n i m ~ r n a ~ d n a i ~ ~ u ~ o d k ~ 1 n i w b ~ b ? umi! ~ u ~ u ~ ~ ~ Q m ~ ~ u ~ ~ n l ~ ~ ouwqwO~nu u u ' c p u
n . . 1988 n63i~i~ouIsiia:asnulilinn~sonaaaaGGeru iiarb"ae~nioslw'as6ni~nGni a d' riryryiaoiao (Warsaw Pact) iinaiubGuku~uu ~aiunino~iGuiiuuauniaiiunio~
d o l d ~ n ~ u y ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ & ~ d l ~ ~ ~ d ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ b i ~ d d 4 ~ 5 uariuoaun 19 unnnu n.R. 1989
r v i n o u ~ G $ a r " a u n i o ~ ~ l G ! n i a n ~ i ~ ~ i ~ r ~ ~ ~ u a + ~ u i i 66r l~ r rw~~~dn~n~i .n r in~n jns . dirr6a6s:&n~o$ o u d o u ~ v d r l i ~ ~ " G o ~ i i n i a ~ ~ ~ i r r ~ ~ r d ~ ~ u ~ d ~ ~ flirrwds:6nd
o$lurani 50 M% 100 niid" at: d rii~au"~niiaasmaiun~~uuaa~~1~1~osuiinriuoon da~ndsrsiuiiuGi
r d e r no+u~aarlGo~nisl~qIsdirnaiur*w'us~moion"u undudacdds:siuijnsu5ranyn
I n C (Helmut KO~I) ~odruofuii~i~dbsi:u6dnianmnaiur~ud~~n~n"u'bu~bad ~;JL~J e r d a &n'~riinnuuenSiav o~@ii~uosuiinriuoon ~~~irunis~t~riilGds:aiauldw ols
d' uinvu 'bu.d.as ~ani~dn~ia6ira'nsits~arrnuva~ruoauGm:~unn~uru o+ium:a"uoan ud u Rlo~qnn~ OL~IJZS
n"niulurQoun'rau7uu n . ~ . 1989 ~ d n i ~ f i ~ ~ m ~ r u ~ m u v o d n u dd~qi'b6'%iaruass?'u
r ra~~niunisd~gnniusua '~uin l~muisnnau~ul~
' lu~~m~arun~1nnf~ns~ '~ \~n i i~unidds:~nwia:~ ouniadnns ~ d " u 9 d b f ~ a 3 ~ ~ ~
n:?uoanl%%3 ~ui~odaio onsin ~ i ~ ~ ~ r n v i ~ i a w a f nnouiaii,~16brn:di rr~I.idds:yv W ~ L I 4l e r uotdrr~nn yn rrudlrnl~diooinrvinaonou ~nsufi (Egon Krenz) ~ ~ i d s ~ a i ~ ~ u l d
u oui~~1~n:nisoinGiu~u~r3~u"u r~o1~s~n&i~uinldmuiaana~~u~niunismY6
i o ld nru:$uu~"aunenm:Iw8sl~s (Politburo) ~dnionnoindiuaI.id ~ ~ n ~ ~ ~ ~ f i o u i i a j u i n s e ~ q ~ e d i u i o ~drflur'V\~l~~uraof"~~iuiarrn (Gunter Schabowski) ~ ~ u i h i s
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n.H. 1989 IR ~ d n i ~ n i s i u o s u i r n r ~ u o o n I ~ m u i a a ~ n v a i ~ ~ ~ iii rrwcruo+~ui;uwj
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n i s d ~ ? " G v o t d ~ r a i a ~ ~ u ~ u o s u i i m : ? " u o a n ~ i l ~ n i ~ ~ a u ~ u a ~ u ~ n " t ~ a t ~ ~
6 a u n i ~ n i t r i l u l l l i n u " u udnisdi~Cuni~~nodit6ot~iluld~aufiai~~~::~m~r?'t
~wnm~td+t ~ n ~ u a r ojr1~~lail6~~~mtriin"~M"u I ~ M ~ I ~ ~ ~ U L ~ J O ~ U Q uazmi wlai? un d 3 - n"sia6iul~~.rat~ mtor~~u~6oinni~~o'roi~'~1iitd~zmui5u~no+ui~odn'Eld.rzm~i-
k18dt36 iunu (Ronald Reagan) 4 L n i t ~ ~ ~ m l (Malta) Iu~Raufuaifiu f i . ~ . 1 989 w w
~~adu~aaiduanus~uia'I~rivot~uo3~uar ? ' ~ a a n n i u ~ ~ n i 3 ~ i v o t ~ ~ 8 8 5 ~ m i (Hans t d '
Modrow) ii6otnis?n~imiucuot1u~~uda:?"uoan ntulmol6?uni~nCuayuilin
mniwla~qua
odit~sn"miu n i a ~ n o s h m : ~ o o n ~ r i ~ f i a i u ~ ~ a ~ o ~ u ? ~ u i a v o t n d n d a ~ r l
ua:~ion~otCto:saun'u~uo3u~mz~uan ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u I % u ~ ~ Q ~ u I ' I I o ~ ~ " ~ ' J ~ ~ o o u ? L I ~ * o d ' d ~isnSotu ~ ~ o t e i n ~ ~ ~ n i s d u d s c ~ n n u ~ a i ~ v o t ~ ~ n i w b ~ ~ ~ u m f i i ~ t ~ d d U M L L ~ R J
o ~ ~ i t p u ~ t w ~ ~ ~ u s i ~ ~ a ~ ~ j n i ~ ~ ~ n ~ a ~ i r u ~ m c o i n m n i w ~ ~ ~ ~ u a U R E I ~ I ~ U I L G U ~ ~
Uiufibnls WlL%RlJ (Nicolae Ceausescu) ~ d l f i o ~ i i a f i a 6 ~ f i l ~ t ~ : ~ n ~ c i u s J ' u ~ i ~ i e
6 t ~ u r i i ~ d i m i w b 1 1 ~ " ? u m o : : ~ ~ s o u l f l ~ ~ o ~ C ~ a : : ? " u o o n ~ 1 ~ ~ l d e i n ~ n ~ w ~ ~ a t a ~ ~ a t
fi~riin'uii~adiwouotmniwb~~5smo:dountn'u~~
o:~dul2iii nituauni~~auds:~nno:di~Cud oldl6n"v-i o d O H Y ~ I L ~ Q 91 JUG w d c m:iuan~flni3?ud3:niciio::~aifininlld suudatw3uunun tn ~duo$Lu~aai$u LLRL
~ d d ~wnromuni~aud3:~nn fi~:~aifini.run~ub~~t&tvot~t6ni3~~~~qq~~~om~~au~n
L H ~ ~ H " ~ ~ U ~ ~ B T L ~ ' I ~ ~ ~ M G M L L ~ ~ S ~ . ~ M ~ L ~ U L B ~ L U Q ~ U ~ ~ ~ ? " ~ O Q ~ L L R ~ L003~filr~@lfil&
o ~ ? a a t ~ ~ a a m ~ a s ~ u n i 3 d 1 ~ ~ h u u ~ i u ~ n n n i ~ m n i 3 ~ ~ u m r i i C i 6 t n i i a ~ i Z ~ ~ ~ i
u otbsn~&~dwds:mui'iu Gooio ya (George Bush) ~~it~w?;o~uiniaciua~u~fld nissau~uosuG b u f i d ~ h ~ i ~ ~ ~ u a ? ; ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ o : : 6 ~ ~ f i ~ ~ i d ~ f i a i ~ ~ ~ u a u i ~ n u ~ ~
st6ni.rmQCyyi~~om LLPUG~LHG~ a d
' ~hni~$nimud.rc~nn&n.3ituu~u odsemui"aun'naiuiaod'lflfiai~~
l u o o u ~ ~ k n i n o ~ n ~ u u i u n ~ ~ u u a ~ b n n d n ~ t ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a : d ~ ~ o ~ ~ a i v ~ ~ ~ d o s (stavmpol) t 3 ?sno~nGix (Caucasus) lu~6iaunsngina.i n.w. r ntJmo2id owhhreo3uGo::
un ~8nnisn~oun~otoi?auidd3c~nn a m d i & n o ~ h a d ~ n l o ~ f i ud 370,000 RU
uon~in~o~n'nsni~n~imototn'ni3m~C~~iilo~u~ufin~~iios~6o~Wuuiuuou
1um1u'7~diduunu~oaauil,mra'uoon ~ n u 1 v i ~ d n a d ~ w m n ~ w ~ ~ ~ 4 u a ~ ~ n ~ d ~ = : 4 7 n 7 f d V nd nad~wua~~~n7wki?uBrl~rno~~aoon~7r1~uofuffm=:a'uoor1~uoi n.R. 1994
rrard~u1uosriuar?un7a::i7i3i7u~~&n7~i~n~7~1~i7u"nn'u ~rnn7wlg14uml0
~kn73dfi%uoddr1n~'Iuq~3d$1t?'uoon'Iu n.R. 1989 n a 7 u d o u I ~ a d o dd Y .r=u~uo.ruQn"~ro~d~t~n~ru'76aun'un"~a~ri:7u7nu"u ~ n ~ ~ ~ k . j w n n a n ~ u u ' b u ~ u o ~ u f f
mriuoon iunaw Itougua7nu n.R. 1989 lani i u o IuBuui (Lothar de Maiziere) t t cd7w33nl6~+unfad'b$Qn7f~aua7i nduruo.rudnca'uoona:dio~d~a~~nu~0=:~0~~7
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60 3 uuoaun 18 &.47flu n.R. 1990 ~ n 6 i t l k ~ t w ~ m n 7 ~ g d f l ~ I ~ 0 3 s J ' ~ (German d d
social union Party) i u I u ~ 3 u i l , m : ? ' u ~ ~ n ~ d u I 7 u = : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 3 3 n ~ I ~ R L ? ~ ~ ~ ~ 3 3 ~ I ~ u " U t
dsr%7%dlmu (Democratic Beginning) ~ a u n u ~ m m ~ n ~ u w ' u n i m ~ ~ ~ o ~ u o a u Q (Alliance Y d
for Germany) uuuarl6?unr uuur5utiou~:: 48.1 tauzuodn(ud7uua7adsm3~6 t t u t 14 on~33aua~~nsduuui7i@na7un7m~u7uuod~1duaa~~ndva~u~~n7ni7waan
ddd ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ? U ~ ~ ~ < ~ R " ~ U " M I M ~ U ~ T U Q ~ ~ ~ ~ ' M ~ ~ ~ L ~ U ~ ' U ~ ~ B : : L ~ M ~ ~ U I ~ ~ ~ % M ~
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d u J 3aunicniun7siJu ~ ~ ~ w ~ i i r r ~ s c E d n u ~ u a u n 18 wqwmnu n.R. 1990 usins:uau
n ~ ~ r ~ a n ~ ~ ~ a u a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f ~ ~ n a ~ u u ' a ~ ~ u ' ~ n ' u ~ n d ~ u d ~ i ( u a u ' ~ ~u7avaduo ~uQuuf6
fiurrmn~~un d u d
dau~ruaaun 23 irJ~7nu n.R. 1990 ?~an7uocruo~uQmra'uaana~uR1$J d u d t
n73rau~u~uo.ru~n=:a'uw nbmu~iad~a riau7ruoaun 31 idvnnu &~rnuuodndnad
d i u n " a t u ~ u n ' u ' I u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ d ~ n i ' t ~ a u a i ~ (The Unification ~reaty)" viou7r.fh U d lun 12 niru7uu n.R. 1990 i i i n ~ s a ~ u - ~ u i u 'autgyry7nismna~n5"~~m~7usfo~
runsu; the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germanyf1 virod~+eni7
a ~ b & g ~ i a ~ a - ~ ? n - d the Two-plurFour Treaty nr n ~ d u o ~ f i d $dun7 d~uiqgd dd ~ rnnu~mn. ra~~uo3u~~n '~~dnmubannf~d 2 Aomn7wTa~iun r n i ~ o ~ u i n 7 &nqw
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7naiu~in~uoau~d~~~uauauar~~mu~~w~naiubann5"~n" 2 a.b: d u d mJuuLuoaun 3 lninu n.n. 1990 f i i i n i m u ~ u o a u ~ $ ~ ~ a ~ ~ ~ " i ~ a u { u ~ ~ u
~MG%a"msl~w?g n iu l6~o i iw~hdmmam?~~uoau~ (the Federal Republic of
Germany) j j n l ~ ~ u o % u ~ i l u ~ d o m n a ~ , ~ a o i n a u n r i g ~ ~ i r ~ aniaaauain^~tilild
mslam?~daeai%dbubuoa~u~"aa~uoau~mra"uoon~niu~a ~~ari~$,qdifinaiu~ilu
r i a ~ 6 d u o~w~r~'udmslam?g~uoau~niu'16uim 23 u o ~ n ~ ~ u i u ~ ~ n (Basic Law)
u n r ~ ~ j a i n n i a u f i d u ~ ~ u ~ ' a n a i u d ~ ~ u i r w u ~ ~ ~ a n p ~ u i u c l h f i n a i u ~ i l u ? ~ n a a u ~ ~ uo~~uaauG ~u?!qm~uoau~fin~uui~~uda::~nn$~banai"p~ba::~awniwd LLY%?JY~J
mulnn5"d ~.jqingp.iau'h.J b~ 45 S '1% n.n. I 999 a"~uin&ni~~aiuaao~nianauaau d
50 ~u~~niawnidui~~w"udwislaw?~~u~a~u6auniadionilini~uia~d k n l ~
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~ i l u ~ 6 ~ ~ i i u a l u ? ! ~ n "
naiu id1 u u ~ d ~ d a d i d l v ~ v 8 a ~ l u ~ ~ ~ d n : a ' s a a ~ n d wan.r:nudonaiuhd
vat m n i n k ~ i n n hmawiru iuuv i i ln-d (Glasnost - Perestroika) inahlaad
~ i u i d ~ s d i ~ s a ~ R o u n : n i s i i i n ~ . ~ o ~ d . r : i n n ~ u 91 jiilG3:ucud3:ai^adInuduij
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a'ai~uua:daraiau~u~islam?~di~ 7 dZn^aa~:idniwluniaiinndnaiuiiniiunic
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iawi: 3 tf1s13~?zu oatin (Battic Republics) $a~aa~n~ fk~ (Estonia) KRL%I (Latvia)
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ua~nvn~wkt4onlu~Culoi~d anilu (Joseph Stalin) Aiinirwuanaima~?~umGn
& 3 iivid" ~~u~a~ir i~ona~uia~d~uuou~f ida:a in~ ' Iuavniw~.a~"au~i~anda ant4
nimnilnni3nliuayunug~iuGQ1ai (Sandinistas) ~ u i i n i n f i (Nicaragua) bar t d duujhlAhiauluni36~fianfi~ m+vannug.aiuGQnni k d i~ud iur j iu iifi &n i l
~ u n o i u i a o d ~ tuuoulGqladnriuoandidmwuin~u iriirYuiUuniauniBniun
n'uaun'Yfii~161rknn miur(i'a~'lld a ~ i i j u l f i v u n d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a d ~ 1 ~ 7 ~ b n n ~ ~ d ~ 2
Q L ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ R I u iv?nia& n.R. 1990 ffrrii~naiu~ajwo~a~G~~ridiuay?n!inw' a Y Quuuo~in~i ieuinf~nAa n i ~ f i u u o u l $ ~ n i n a u ~ u o ~ u u n i a u u uaeEuuouM
~uo.ruiri+i~ilurtlliBnuo~o~6niaau'i~~~iiiam~~~u~~~vt',ov"a~uii d~iriicu unn~
b: eiold ns~~ulrnrtiu $mi"? ~rrar~n"?~$uiioruun~?oonoinsPvniw'F~~"aarrw:dar~nfl
ronnaluiCn ri~fi~o~noiuiaoddoruou?uu'o~a~nio.~~mniw~o~?~uonSnn"~mu
6~~ilrkwanayindiruud9mtbluu~ur~d~n~i~l~w olouinu"w ~wsic ~iruil6iddaulG
msrrn~r '~uoa~nk~ 3 dsrmn?~uhr~a~unisrrern~~r~tbrona7a f i o r f l ~ ~ ~ u ~ r n s m ? ~ d aw q Jin iuhu,a i i ju i~nai~ ~ ~ ~ B w o i a n s r i o ~ s ~ i w u o ~ m n i w l ~ ~ 3 ~ ~
da c d c d n~rdnudnur~unan~r$ud~darni~~ona7"11ruo~n 11 ih inu n.R. 1990
n " ~ ~ n i ~ n ~ s 1 ~ r ~ e a ~ 6 ~ ~ n o ~ n ~ ~ s ~ u ' i n ~ u ~ u s ~ n 1 w n i a ~ ~ i n ' ~ r ~ e r r d o ? ' w d i i unslnu
n . ~ . 1991 lmuOi~iinsrY9i1wtb7u~~~nwnrrui^aniadand~auu~~.aiGu~~BnQi~Ger d - d
(National Salvation Committee of Lithuania) LUQ?Un 13 UrlnnU n.R. 1991 g d o r f i i
wald r~nu i~ t l i au oddrrniwi^au ~??LMI~"w Lawnnu o(u (Vytautas Landsbergis)
d s r a i a u a i ~ i f i ~ ~ u d ~ ~ y u e i o 6 i w n i r ~ n ~ n k n r i i ~ C ( ~ o ~ 5 ~ ~ ~ u ~ (Vilnius) nqn
nwia?w4er knisow~GuQ3rn 15 ~ w ~ ~ n ~ u i n ~ ~ u w ~ i u ~ o u n w ~rarn7sdrnrC( r!o~'?ni d de
(Riga) ~ u ~ d n i ~ d ~ u i f i ~ i ~ G d s r ~ i . a ~ ~ ~ e r a ~ m 5
l u i ? d d rfininqrnnif $6 uo%~ rscrHu (Boris Yeltsin) atnnnnlrr~odai2
r's~~~unudiniydsm~~6~~osruoudsrai^adbolwis~~~s~~ir~~w~ u4 tn~dnis~! od
Y a~no~uiaodfir~wni~ldr'~raulrnrii,ud~ ~ u ~ ~ 6 ~ ~ w i u ~ u ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ u u y w s r ~ i i ~ n ' w a4 a.
(mutual support pact) nus~ui~~~~mrnsI;Lba"~uoaSnn"~ 3 ~ua6quujldiuoiot'l.l
no~niu6~4uddrrdiniao~~~~u~rnuu ~ n ~ n ' b 0 9 ' a ~ ~ i w n i a n s r v f i d ~ ~ ~ r s ~ e i o ~ a ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ b:
r v c ? n i s ~ ~ u s ~ l w m r n s ~ i ~ u o ~ G n a ~ o ~ o w n i s ~ n d a r m i u n ~ o i n n i u l ~ ~ ~ a r
~ ~ n d ~ r ~ ~ ~ f i i ~ f l d 3 ~ ~ ~ i h ~ n ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ d ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ d ~ i ~ ~ n i ~ n i d n ~ i f ud~noinnisl3
++wu+sdrruunfd q naid q iilji1~w2n0uusru o~dar.ai~d~rn er~w?u~~udsrmiu L Y I ~
lagj',nisi7w~n~ lwumcrn'uanirdiuoy?ndituuaardiunwi.m'lri w o lod nilril3
wrnsnis~l i i~r3im~ind.nud.nunisu~~u'o~o~Rwr~nwds~uo~lwrrwn~wl~~iurn
n o ~ u i a o ~ ~ c o ~ l u ~ n i w l n n ~ ~ u ~ r ~ a r d n ~ ~ i n w i ~ a m i ~ n i a ~ f l a ~ d r r J o ~ ~ uluuiu
~o~noiu~aod~witk4io~niar'n~n~iu~uw'~a'srwii~~awnni~n'umm~~r'~di~ q
~rrrrdsr$dsruoun'u ~ a n o y ? n d i t u u d G o ~ n i s w ~ ~ ~ w r n a i u ~ ~ w o ~ u v i ~ i w ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
sPvniwla~iua ~ w u n r r ~ r s a 6 ~ u h w u n ~ n i u r u o d ~ u r o d ~ ~ w ~ ~ i u ~ ~ ~ w ~ w a ' r ' 1 ~ ~ u
(Russian Federation) L L R . ' L ~ ~ U ~ ~ ~ ? U ~ U Y O ~ W I ~ I ~ ~ ? ~ 8 ~ L ~ ~ d d ~ ~ d n i s ~ ~ R 3 ~ ~ ~ n l f
d n n ~ o ~ u a ~ n u ~ o t usi k ~ i l u m B n u o t ~ n ~ o ~ ~ o n ~ ~ a ' I ' ~ b m n ~ w ~ ~ ~ ~ n s l sauvhdu
~ C u ~ ~ u n u & ~ ~ q u ~ ~ n ~ ~ ~ u n i a ~ ~ a n a 7 a I a ~ 1 ~ u ~ ~ r l i u o ~ m m ~ 1 ~ ? ~ ~ o a ~ n n " ~ 3 UR:: a on 3 B6 QU a R IR?~ (Moldova) 01fL.u Lfiu (Armenia) UR=:PO+&I LI (~eorgia)"
u cu u ~ u n l r ~ ~ o n s l t J ~ s r m u ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ m w ~ m ~ f w ~ ~ u 1 u ~ ~ o u ~ ~ ~ ~ uu n.n. 1991 4 t ~ u
~ ~ u n ~ t ~ ~ f n ~ d f t a ~ a u ~ ~ n ^ a ~ ~ o n ~ t ~ a u m f ~ ~~1~66uiilG?u&"Rn'Isri~iludf=:muq̂ au6
uot m h f ? ~ ~ + u 6 ~ h l s r i n ~ s d t ~ u n ~ t n 7 ~ ~$otf=:~i-~t~uqn'u no~u~%od~u'uu'u~tu"u d.. 2
r m ~ u n ~ ~ n ~ ~ n ~ . n ~ o ~ ~ ~ u n ~ ~ u n a ~ ~ k u n ~ u ~ ~ m n ~ w ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ l n & n a u u ~ a n ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~
$~lsriwanoy?n~nliiruulumn~wI~~~?~~~~ldwobu~nh inu~awqznq~dd.rzmuqEu~
n o f u ~ a o r l ~ w o o u ~ ~ u ~ u ' 1 ' t b u u ~ ~ y q ~ "kL1L1k~unQtfi7filu~lfd~ (Conventional
Forces in Europe - CFE) ~ m n l ~ z ~ u d n l ~ d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a ~ 4 a u w q n ~ n ~ ~ u n.n. 1990 i a u d d 2 {uiaqin 22 dcmn n a ~ u ~ ~ ~ o u o t n n ~ a n ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a ~ u a ~ ~ f i t 17 ' ~ i u ~ ~ n q ~ q n n q u
uo~nidauiiuuumufli~~~uu~~n~un~ni~qyiaoi~asi~q'b~dn::?'u~n uonslnmu
.re~i~~dd.rrmu~~uGioo% ya (George ~ u s h ) rlun~ttiiouknn~wl~~?nnlu~~ou
nfnaqnu n.n. 1991 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ u i a u n ' ~ 1 d a m u ~ ~ u f l n o i u ~ a o Y n u ~ u E i ~ y i ~ ~ duGu n i ~ P ~ r f ~ ~ n l f ~ ~ f i l A ' ~ ~ i ~ % ~ i ~ ~ n % ~ 1 7 N ~ ~ (The Strategic Arms Reduction Talks - START) ~ J T ~ ~ T R J U ~ U I ~ I U ^ ~ ~ ~ ~ # ~ ~ " J 2 a~u~u~71~'il7un~7mo~?~~+~1~iwo1~u7n
~ a u n " ~ a ~ a i r n + ~ u ~ ~ ~ a u d G o ~ n ~ ~ l n w ~ ? ~ ~ n n ~ n a ~ u ~ ~ u u ~ ~ ~ i l i ~ n ~ n ~ ~ m i
&~n$clf ~ w n r ~ i l u r i r y A ' n ~ d q a n ' ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ = : n a ~ u ~ ~ u a 5 u ~ ~ d ~ u i ~ ~ o t d ~ = : ~ n n ~ ~
luiqn nnlluuouuo~damu1h~naiu~aodd~zfii~ua'1sri5ud 20 itmnu
n.n. 1991 rilu5u~ ~uiuluaw~~~qimn~waCul~dn'u df =:muqEuGia tm$%63
f ~Qua~=:mmsru?gnqGn~nqu n"toriin~~~~u~un'ummfru?~"Ou~ Bnlu~a~qeiou~ i i ~ i ~ ~ ~ u o y % ~ C u u ~ a i u ' I o r i o n ~ f d a d 7 ~ ~ ~da~o~n~u^a~~~~au 'uu"o=: tdduu riq udium~uda t n i ~ ~ i i u n q ~ nq~sknimiwe~n.rrnunqi ufin~::&t<nn.in~Iunl~
?n~~n?~ukuntuot?~'1k~~d~=:mmf r u ? ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ n ' u t ~ u n ~ f d ~ ~ ~ u d 7 u ~ o n ~ f nauqa
a ~ n h u n a ~ o ~ ~ n i ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ n n u u o ~ m m ~ r u ? ~ e i ~ ~ 3 o:rilujrlonnorr?yuun%otmn~w
~ ' o n n ~ ~ d a = : ~ 1 l s r i w a n o y ? n ~ ' n l i i r ~ 1 u ~ ~ ~ u n ~ ~ 1 o 6 o t ~ ~ o ~ n d ~ ~ ~ ~ d ~ h ~ ~ ~ ~ A U L H ~ ~ u d u d riaunJiiufi~~w~tu~ulurn~~qqi 1 a ~ a a u n 19 ~ ! ~ J H - I ~ u n$~nouDai(~I/
oy?nd~uuiirion~fiflfrH~fdad~uioo~ndf=:mu~~u~noiuaod~~o~~u~tcniw
~ n c i o u d n i u a ~ n d n s ~ ~ u (Crimeel .4niSzds:rns6dnhiaiidu~vlaa ~wnruonoin
~ ~ m ~ i m n u ~ s d d o 6 i u o i n u ~ i a u d ~ d ~ ~ m ~ i ~ u ~ ~ ~ a 6 $ ~ ~ i l u ~ d i ~ ~ l ~ l h diufrionis
ii kaiduwunisd~nwflim~~flruinni~~m"auu~~ouou~oduou~iuu~ud~n"
srvliidnisrioi~dsrvllr m m s r u i ~ ~ o a ~ m r ~ u ~ b a r s J ' m ~ ~ u i i ~ ~ d a r n i m i a d u d Luoaun 20 aar 21 kvlinu miudi6u d t $ i ~ ~ ~ n n i s d r n ~ n ' ~ a t v l i i ~ n o d n v l i s i ~ ~ ~ u
u b: ~udsra iau~ui~aruuoni~an~u~~mnisru~ j n ~ a vlRjoinnaiulSu~vlaamnis
dd%i n ~ ~ n i ~ i a ~ ~ ~ i i ~ P ; u o o ~ n i 0 ~ n o i n a n i s a d r h ~ d 8 n n r o t l ~ dduir~~ridfi~niim P h U nsa~li&nrit~ouunnnu n.w. 1991 naiuriu~vlsauornisdgaau~riilG~islsmi~
v l a i u ~ ~ ~ ~ l u a ~ i n i w I u m d s r , n i ~ l G w m n o a ~ Z a ~ ~ 6 ~ ~ u w ~ ~ n d f i m n ~ v l u i u u a r ;5i
iionaaudi~ q u o~wssn'O
w~~o~nirrioipds:vlis~Gasat~vlin~ 11-1lviruadi~unaia~ilu~di~!unuin
. h ~ u n w d n a i u i a o d a 1 a 6 ~ 4 ~ d ~ l ~ ~ o l o r i o u ~ u u 1 u d l ~ ~ ~ r i ~ o u ~ u n 1 ~ d ~ ~ e l ~ 1 ~
~ ~ s w ~ A o ~ ~ ~ : n i s $ ~ ~ u o ~ n ~ 5 u i a ~ d ~ ~ u ' m 1 ~ o ~ ~ o e i o n a i u i i . a " i u o ~ ~ i I u n i s d i guni is sd u 6 o6iuwssnnouZaCI~mn ~ ~ i i a ~ ~ M ' u a y u n i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ j i l s a d t p n ~ i u ~ a o d o :
nk'ruloaio onoinli~~vlri~~aui^aniswaan L L A ~ ~~uolGGnisqun ru:nisuibnisnaic A
(central committee) uodwssn rr~rii<u~flunisqft~n^aw ~uo~wsannouf a~w6d
~~arnaiu ~nuaninnir Ilint~Smumumuwiol%Ri$~ian'u ~ d s r l i unsn o.aa7iani.r w rind 7
n i uluv o~rkuaziaud o ufiu3qwidid 9 hunumaf
~ i d s r n i f i ~ n u i - o i n l d ~ ~ ~ i ~ M ' ~ ~ n ~ w ~ ~ b ~ u m ~ a i u ~ a ~ a rws~rmsis* V U
s i i ~ 9 d b n u s ~ u m a n u b ~ u ~ w n i w ~ ~ ~ ? u m i i ~ ~ ~ b u n ~ a b ~ ~ d f r b ~ f i b o n ~ i a ~ ~ a a u 6 a n ' ~
o d i ~ ~ n ~ u 9 l ~ ~ n i a ? z ~ a n s i ~ d s ~ m u i ~ u ~ n ~ ~ u i a ~ d ~ u i u i u d o ~ ~ ~ a d i s ~ ~ i u r
d.rrmui^aufluo~~~n~wk~Sun nidoii~omnndun~afin k~bn"aaa"gbonmabilunis,
ar~ i in igmuiq ?ry~nc~Rod~nisriooni~n~~~::n~nmunwi~~do~ mnonounis~%6iui.il
~ w l o n i s 2 i i ~ i n i i ~ w n i w ~ ~ ~ " a u m ~ ~ n ~ i u ~ d i ~ ~ s 5 a i u ~ ~ a ~ ~ n i d ~ i ~ n ~ a i g ~ ~ n n a
n~u~~uiini~.iau&10u~nioa"~~onna~ildoni~~aw'iun"'i7=:~d u~~uu~umsiudnof
uino~nian~~ulaYO
u ~ i i n a ~ u i a o r l ~ r w u i u i u r ~ u n d s r q u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n u d ~ ~ a i a u (Congress of d
People's Deputies) Y o ~ ~ n i C G ~ y ~ > ~ ~ v i ~ a i i u i i i ~ n & ~ a ~ ~ LU anuiBnnniC6Y'yyA
sinnmstuigriic 9 d f l ~ n d o t ~ ~ i i a u ~ ~ q u naiu~i~~mri iu~a~nofui11od6onis d 4 v i ~ d ~ n o ~ ~ w ~ d u i u n ~ i ~ ~ n ' L l g d a u ~ ~ r ( ~ ~ A ~ i i ~ u n ~ B u C n a i u r d i ~ ~ a n ~ n i lu~m::
Anwi.rs::~uii~ila~nif L ~ ~ L ~ O M ~ I ~ I T M ~ ' ~ B ~ ' ~ ~ ' ~ L ~ ~ l~umrn"?quinawniwk~5um
~ o ~ n o ~ u i a o d ~ o ~ n " a ~ ~ u n i a r ~ i ~ ~ d n i ~ b f i ~ w ~ ~ a ~bflt~a~oi~udu$ny1~u'i7in~~niw
a'n~Qurduni~' ~u~nnnurn~iur i l~~ds~mui^au~?1o~no~uiao~n"&~~ln~ Y wiou&~ nianaiu6auo~mniwlg~4ua
n i s n u c i l u n ~ n ~ n q T s d ~ ~ a ~ ~ c ~ a n ~ ~ l ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ d& 8 nird i ~Cu~iuuo~drrainuqbdn u n a u r h ~ ~ ~ u n i . r u s m r ~ u u ~ s d ~ & V
u 9
n~nnulnnn&C( 2 ~Uufiuui ~ i I ~ q l a d d n a i u ~ a i q ~ ~ P a a ~ n i ~ 6 i u ~ f i ~ w ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n r i ~ n u
l~u~awirmwir~~ms~a"~~~os~u~rl~a~uo~u~m::iumnu"~ uriorviiuuwilunannu
Ianntqff 2 ueii~1~i4ui~ai?oji~nn~i? o u n ~ i u ~ b u u v l i ~ i u i s n i ~ ~ i u ~ f i a ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ d ~ n
W R ~ L ~ O Y ~ ~ d ~ ~ % l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ( ~ 1 ~ ~ n ~ ~ ~ b ~ ~ ~ 5 l ~ b b ~ t b ~ l ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ d f ~ ~ l ~ ~ 3 d ~ ~ d
~ ~ u a n a i u f i a ~ u n i s s a u d s r ~ n ~ ~ u i % n d ~ t ~ i n u q ~ a d ~ r i b ~ ~ m n i ~ q ~ ~ d (European
Union-EU) L u j i l j g ~ ~ ~ q ~ d b d u l ~ ~ i ? ~ ~ ~ ~ aoi3ad (Sir Winston Churchill) o h a Yd u i ~ n ? ~ r ~ u a s ~ u ~ o ~ ~ u ~ ? 1 o ~ ~ ~ n ~ w LLRZ a04 lu~u.6 (Jean Monnet) ar ~nud bgi~uiu
l u n i a a n i d u i a v l ? (United States of Europe) wdflrirla:mwah~fo sdidhn"
niuaiayhd6iuauuin~vli~d~:~G~~adinaiu~~u~onniw lmu~awi:n~u$;uaai~ d d ~~~:L<i~r i iduo~ds:ainu~lad $ ~ i s u n i i w a n ~ h ~ ~ n i n ( ~ u r o c r a t ) ~ ~ BJ~IUJOJUR
dad~ariuo~yladlm~dauaauuinniiC(~:~~~riudaduariuorda~~nnlmr]a:~n~~~~~ a
~RULQWIZ Y ~ ~ ~ L M f i l ~ O ~ ~ ~ 7 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ( n n ~ ~ l n n l 3 f i l d ~ L ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~
naiurliavlri iua~ y h d ~ ~ i l i ~ u i u h ~ ~ ~ o n i m u d a : ~ n n u v l i ~ i u i o a : ~ u n a i t ~ u
yhdmr~umnlG~ilunduw$dni~ b n a ~ ~ f i o ~ ~ ~ : n i a ~ ~ o d d ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ d ~ u n i a ~ ~ i d ~ u ~ ~ ~ : ~ ~ a o d
~ u a v l i ~ o ~ u ~ n i u a r t @ u n~nauw&nio:rlilGnduybada i l ug iu r oiiuvlibiuio ~ d ~ a
~6uan'ulrioua~nnuIanntdd 1 ~arG~~uioluniaii i~uma~minaauuo~msa~o~~~aruo~
l~nlmu\rj~iluao~avl?go~u^ani f$!u vl5o~~ril~datrniwlaiioR (riouniafiuaaiuua~
avlmwkiium)
u d n a ~ n i a ~ ~ a : n i a ~ 1 t0wiu~d ouas? ~ i l i v l u i u ~ u n i n a uqlad a:8uwiui o
~ 6 o d h u i u i ua~na~$~doa~udar~n~(auidiindarainuyba d l b f l ~ ~ u m n i w y l a d i h ~ a: 2 ~ ~ u 8 u ~ ~ u ~ i C u ~ ; ~ t t i n.g. 1988 ~i lu$uui n~uuonoinnia~~i~finid6iu~na~~iio
~uq~adorii~rPs~~~~mu~riu~u$riwmr " L M ~ O R ? I U L ~ ~ U ~ I ~ " a:
n ~ ~ a ~ g o 6 u i J n fiiafiilG1;1 wnaauiSniaylad (European Commission) $4
~Quvlriauciuuivliavl~nuorda:.ainuqbd uati41tlrin~iulvlnJ o $d n 7 ~ u i a ~ a a R '
d d PI aaiml~dd~mlulanntiuan ~uasuua~uwf i~b i~u"~ni~~~swsRo!~g LMG a u i i o t l 6
i ~da rba r i u i nd~n l u n i a a ~ s ~ n ' n i . r ~ * ~ a n d ~ ~ a ~ m u i ~ ~ ~ ~ + ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u R.R. 1988 rin
nis~iio~di~~itBn~n'uludat~~unim~hdd~l6n~iutilu~~~nwd~a~nia~d~uu L L ~ R J f l ~ l ~ f i a H 1 S ' l L ~ ~ t f l a l ~ ~ ~ d d3tIfWlh~d?d&d GmLB1030d6 (Fran~ois Mitte-
rand) Y a d d ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n i a R r i ~ 1 ~ ~ o e i l d t u ' u b t u " d i o t t ~ u n i ~ ~ a u ~ h d ~ $ ~ ~ ~ a ~ u ~ s & i n ~ u r: a n.H. I 992 n ~ u ~ w n t ~ + ~ ~ ~ ~ i i n i m ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u t ~ u a < u i i I u ~ u t ~ ~ i ~ o ~ n a t u a u n i a ~ ~ a a ~ u
qbsd d ~ d t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ b ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ H ~ l d 2 1 ~ d 1 ~ b l l ~ ~ f i ~ d ~ $ L ~ ~ ~ d 1 ~ ~ l d
AlGd.r:Larir~rimuuind 9m33 Iu.dad ns:uaunia~d oaauei6.ad!~buqnidd r ~ u u i ~ h ynn~diluunurii
rhnib(aooninauqbadfla a i n i u o a o d (Jacgues Delors) a i a d f d t ~ ~ d ~ d i s ~ d i ~ ~ ~ ~ d
dstmu~o~nmtnnui'inisqfisd~u~aaiu"tb ~aoaodw u i u i u f l u d i q d ~ ~ s ~ ~ i d "1 d o ninau ybadu~:a iduuunis~~au~aq~~ i~u i~n iuu"unou A onisriil$;Isdldljunn
~~qndua5uua:dauin7snaidiau<u ~~at6 idsz~n~~~udndata in ;uq~s ddubpl~iu
dlddstLnHAL~~oiMtd ~b t t n7n '~ n"atriil$niadi ~ ~ u f b b u u i u ~ d a ~ ~ n ~ b l i w ~ d u " ~ ~ ~
Iunisdat7ulmuomu o ~ ~ ~ i d s t ~ n ~ ~ ~ u i + n ~ a t a i n u ~ T s ~ A LC o ~ ~ u f i u ~ a o f
(Hannover) ~ J L ! ~ R L U ~ ~ U ~ ~ U R.H. 1988 AIJTZ~UI~~OYHUI ~ ~ l ~ d f t%ifluYbf d$ i
I n s ~ n i s ~ ~ o c i i W $ n i m u ~ a n i ~ t ~ ~ w ~ f i a ~ b a t n i s f i ~ ~ a ~ d ~ t ~ n ~ ~ ~ u i ~ n nuciu~moaori t:
(The Delors Report) d~~~a~uulmunmmnui^mns 17 nu ln'di nunuumowodnis
aauqhlh.S1~0umaim~%~aIu n.H. 1992 oon~ilu 3 iFwaou njud Z d u d
I. uuusn ~$u~uoaun 1 nsnpinu n.H. 1990 iciudo~nisdstmunaiuiauia
n i ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ a u a r n i ~ t ~ u ~ L i i ~ l n ~ m ~Aa~i~ks~nisl$s:uu~3uaai~o~dst L~QISQUIS~~
~u i iau~wstuunisL~uqsd European Monetary System - EMS) L$! o d i ~ ~ ~ l a i u l d
~tciuaduko~uantd~uw t: d
2. uun 2 flonis~un%d~~!nirnunaunpY'asu~~ds=:"~~inue;l~sd bdonu Q h ~ u ~ r h ~ ? u n ~ m u f i n i d n i s ~ 3 ~ l f 6 a u mcinianeidu o~~hda :~$u~ i~umu~ou iu
U P I r: nimisGuiaunir o ' ~ n u a n ~ d $ u n i u ~ u u ~ ~ ~ ~ i a t d s t ~ n ~ a t ~ n ~ i ~ m n ~ t u u a o u
t: d , 3. yun 3 Goa:uufiunnuo~ybsd~)::sau~~u~3uu?anau Cia ~ c i q u ~ j u
qlsd (European Currency Unit - ECU) ua~na iu~ i~kmnouhunis f iua=:~d~o~~d~ %I
awinisnai~vo~qM
t: ~unisdseq.uuo~~~id~r~n~1~~ui. i indsrninuq~dn4 12 il.rnn~n" ~i io~uia-
a: n5n6 (Maastricht) d~eLnRLuLlaf~Lnu(i setr(i1J~ud 9 - 11 & .q l f l~ R.R. 1991 uu
>a d C / d ~ e ~ l u l 6 ~ i n ~ i u n n n . ~ n " d m ~ i u d 1 6 ~ ~ ~ o a u i n n ~ o r q l n l ionnn~unonuiuo~
-au%%q qiuianinii (The Maastricht Treaty) a d d L ~ J ~ I ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ J ~ I ~ ~ 3uqlsd unr
u~n~n'~ni3i~uiian'uua~d~:~n~11~18nds:mnuqlsrllu~a~ni~~3u ~ ~ s ~ ~ f i o duuiu
eii;lds:~n~r ~nrmaiukun~~~
n~iuann~du1&6~omnisdsenid~m~~u6uua~mni~~~~d 6aunaiucliJ
i i w n~ija~-tiiuau 340 [ i i u n ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e ~ n ~ ~ n m ~ n g a u n " ~ ~ u ~ i l u m n i n ~ ~ u ~ o e ~ i ~ n n ~ u
nqiukun~l%~~riqbd8~fli~4 ~wQ~il~tr(in~iu~~uin~~n:~~nn~un6u~uq~sdneTuoan s-d u d' uneluGuumuua~alnmniwl~~"?un ms:rh~o~nqiuan~~uimninmu~~u
I. nis~3u Ao n i s u o u ~ u n i i u u ~ n ~ a t ~ s e a i ~ u ~ I s ~ d ~ ~ u n i i nciquGut$sd (European Currency Unit - ECU) adi~gi A7mmuIu n .a. I 999
2. douiurii~ds:~naun:n~iukum~ lKinilsemunise~ii4a~6nism%- '
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i unnnu n.R. 1993 l n s ~ n i s r h ~ j t n m ~ u ~ i l u n n i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ s o r ~ ~ q w n w u ~ s &
l. 1 unnnu n . ~ . 1994 ~a~uaaun" 2 thtr(~unismu6un~~n~s~h & ~ u n i s $ ~ ~ n i ~ u Y d n is~3uyM (European Monetary Institute) Y u~w adsemu
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Burce W. Nelan, 'Desperate Moves", Time, September 2, 1991, pp. 16-171
d U
t?iy% i~61urn.r~ 'Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) : LfI'iQS_JLQnnll8' 9 q
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George J. Church, "The End of the U.S.S.R.", Time. December 23, 1991, p. 11
~~l.p'i, 'Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) : L&o?~~~nna',
Geroge J. Church, "The End of the U.S.S.R.", Time, December 23, 1991, p. 11
[bid.
~rederick painton, "Second Thoughts on 1992". Time, January 23. 1989, p. 14
'An Interview with Jacques Delors", Time. January 23, 1989, p. 15
35 Adam Zagorin, 'A blueprint for the European Dream", Time, December 23,