lusi overview j. b. hastings

J. B. [email protected]

LUSI DOE Review July 23, 2007LUSI Overview 1

LUSI OverviewJ. B. Hastings

Science OpportunitiesProject Description Project ManagementRisk AssessmentSummary



LCLSParameters



Process to define LCLS science

Atomic, molecular and optical science (AMOS)

Diffraction studies of stimulated dynamics (pump-probe) (XPP)

Coherent-scattering studies of nanoscale fluctuations (XCS)

Nano-particle and single molecule coherent x-ray imaging (CXI)

High energy density science (HEDS)

Aluminum plasma

10-4 10-2 1 102 104

classical plasma

dense plasmahigh den. matter

G =1

Density (g/cm-3)

G=10G=100

t=0t=

SLAC Report 611

Letters of Intent LCLS Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) review July 2004 Defined Thrust Areas



Studies of laser-excited transient states

Chemical reactions, and structural phase transitions, involve sub-picosecond rearrangements of atoms.

Typical sound speed - 1Å in 100 fsMany of these reactions can be triggered by an optical laser pulse, and can be ‘precisely synchronized’ with the LCLS x-ray pulse. The ultrafast x-ray pulses can be used to take snap-shot measurements of the mean positions atoms and thus produce atomic scale movies of atoms in motion.



Short Pulse Laser Excitation Impulsively Modifies Potential Energy Short Pulse Laser Excitation Impulsively Modifies Potential Energy SurfacesSurfaces

Non-thermal meltingNon-thermal meltingof InSb of InSb

Coherent phononsCoherent phononsin Biin Bi



Ultrafast X-ray Scattering Provides Direct Access to Atomic Ultrafast X-ray Scattering Provides Direct Access to Atomic Motion on non-Equilibrium Potential Energy SurfacesMotion on non-Equilibrium Potential Energy Surfaces

……characterizes the shape of the potentialcharacterizes the shape of the potential

D.M. Fritz, et al. Science 315, 633 (2007).A. Lindenberg, et al. Science 308, 392 (2005).



Imaging of biomolecules and other nano-particles

X-ray scattering has long been used to determine atomic structures. However, to avoid radiation damage limitations, protein crystallographers require that their samples form crystals. LCLS offers an alternative approach. A very intense and very short LCLS x-ray pulse could be focused onto a single molecule, which would be destroyed – but not before the scattered x-rays are already on their way to the detector carrying the information needed to deduce the image. This technique offers the possibility of determining structures for samples which do not form crystals, including important classes of biological macromolecules.



First image reconstructed from an ultrafast FEL diffraction pattern

1st shot at full power

2nd shot at full power

Reconstructed Image – achieved diffraction limited resolution!

Wavelength = 32 nm

1 micron

1 micron

SEM of structure etched into silicon nitride membrane

Chapman et al. Nature Physics (2006)Edge of membrane support also reconstructed



First X-ray imaging of unstained biological cells ‘on-the-fly’

Single shot ~10 fs diffraction pattern recorded at a wavelength of 13.5 nm of a picoplankton organism. This cell was injected into vacuum from solution, and shot through the beam at 200 m/s

0

60

30

60

30

Res

olut

ion

leng

th (n

m)

Sca

tterin

g A

mpl

itude

1 micron

Image reconstructed using Shrinkwrap

Reconstruction is the average of the 5 best fits to the measured amplitude



Nano-scale dynamics of condensed matter Complex dynamics at the nanometer to micrometer scale lie at the frontier of research in condensed matter. Viscoelastic flow of liquids, polymer diffusion, domain switching, and countless other collective processes show both fast and slow equilibrium dynamics, revealed by x-ray correlation spectroscopyUsing the coherence and the narrow pulse duration of the LCLS will enable the study of fluctuations in condensed matter systems at the nanoscale and over a wide range of time scales.



transversely coherent X-ray beam

sample

XCS using ‘Sequential’ Mode • Milliseconds to seconds time resolution• Uses high average brilliance

t1

t2

t3

monochromator

“movie” of specklerecorded by CCD

g2 (t) I(t) I(t t)

I 2

1t

g2

1(Q) Rate(Q)

I(Q, t)



X-ray speckle – movie mode at ESRF

Detector – Perkin Elmer APD, resolution ~ 4nsAutocorrelator with sampling intervals down to 12.5 nsOverall technical cutoff 40-50 nsBunch spacing 2.8 ns

Autocorrelation function of 4O.8 membranes at the specular position qz 2.2 nm-1 (d =2.86 nm) for several film thicknesses

Irakli Sikharulidze et al., PRL 88, 115503 (2002)



transversely coherent X-ray pulse from FEL

sample

Femtoseconds to nanoseconds time resolution uses high peak brilliance

sum of speckle patternsfrom prompt and delayed pulses

recorded on CCD

I(Q,t)

splitter

variable delay t

t

Con

trast Analyze contrast

as f(delay time)

10 ps 3mm

XCS at LCLS using ‘Split Pulse’ Mode



LCLS parameter needs

Short Pulse Large per pulse intensity Coherence

XPP X X

CXI X X X

XCS X X X



LUSI Scope

CD-0 : Instruments for 3 thrust areas Coherent x-ray imaging, Pump probe and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy Plan presented at January 2007 Lehman review

Action item: By March 1, 2007 provide a plan to DOE that provides instrumentation for science at CD-4 for LCLSFurther guidance: Focus in priority order on hard x-ray instruments for Coherent X-ray Imaging (CXI), X-ray Pump-Probe (XPP), X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XCS)

March 2007 LCLS SAC fully endorses the March 1 scope and plan for early science with LCLS LUSI now has 3 hard x-ray instruments: CXI, XPP and XCS



61 2 3

4 5

1 SXR Imag

2 AMOS (LCLS)

3 XPP Full instrument

4 XCS Full instrument

5 CXI Full instrument

6 HEDS

LCLSLUSIHEDS (NNSA)

Offset MonochromatorExp. ChamberDetector

Beam Transport

Project description (1)



NEH and Hutch 1




XPPWBS 1.2

LCLS AMOS

XPS Offset MonochromatorWBS 1.4

X-ray transport tunnel

XCSWBS 1.4

HEDS (outside Funding)

CXIWBS 1.3

SXR imaging




WBS 1.2 XPP




WBS 1.3 CXI




WBS 1.4 XCS




WBS 1.5 Diagnostics




WBS 1.6 Controls and Data System

DetectorControlNode

Quick View Rendering Node

Disk Arrays/Controller

Tape Drives/Robots

VolumeRendering Node

Volume Rendering Cluster

ADC FPGA

On-line

Data Server

SCCSSCCSLUSILUSI

4 x 2.5 Gbit/s fiber

Off-line

Data Server

2D Detector

DAQ Box

10–G Ethernet

10–G Ethernet

Accelerator 120Hz Data Exchange & Timing Interface




Prime performance parametersX-ray pump probe instrument (XPP)

4-24 keV operation with pump laser2-d detector with 1024x 1024pixels

Large dynamic range, moderate pixel sizeCoherent x-ray imaging instrument (CXI)

4-24 keV operation with focused beam2-d detector with 760 x 760 pixels

Moderate pixel size, central holeX-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XCS)

4-24 keV operation2-d detector with 1024 x 1024pixels

Very low noise, small pixel



LUSI organization for CD-1

Project ManagementJ. Hastings Project DirectorN. Kurita Chief EngineerW. Foyt Project Manager

1.2XPP

D. FritzN. Van Bakel

1.3CXI

S. Boutet(N. Van Bakel)

1.4XPS

A. RobertN. Van Bakel

1.5Diagnostics

Y. Feng

1.6Controls and Data

SystemsG. Haller

Team LeadersLCLS-LUSI DetectorAdvisory CommitteeG. Derbyshire, Chair

ES&HR. Hislop

PMCS – H. LeungQA-D.Marsh

LCLS FACPhoton Sub-panelP. Fuoss, Chair

LUSI-LCLS Interface Working GroupJ. Arthur, J. HastingsCo-Chair

LCLS

Procurement – D. Pindroh

LCLS ScienceAdvisory CommitteeR. Falcone, Chair

LCLS



Team LeadersAMOS

L. Di Mauro, Ohio State University (leader)N. Berrah, Western Michigan University

Pump-ProbeK. Gaffney, Photon Science-SLAC (leader)D. Reis, University of MichiganT. Tschentscher, DESYJ. Larsson, Lund Institute of TechnologyA. Nilsson, Photon Science-SLAC (SXR)

XCSB. Stephenson, ANL (leader)K. Ludwig, Boston UniversityG. Grübel, DESY

ImagingJ. Hajdu, Photon Science-SLAC, Uppsala University (leader)H. Chapman, LLNLJ. Miao, UCLAJ. Lüning, U. Paris (SXR)

HEDSR. Lee, LLNL (leader)P. Heimann, LBNL



ES&H

Safety is fundamental to the success of the project and will be integral in the design from the startAt this conceptual stage we have initiated the peer safety review processNEPA covered under LCLSPHAR has been developed

Identifies the hazards Based on the breadth of experience at similar facilities across the complex

The safety issues are common to many instruments operating today at SR sources



Quality AssuranceQuality Implementation Plan, SLAC Document PM-391-000-01-R0 released in July ’07.Consistent with DOE Order 414.1C and the SLAC Office of Assurance “Quality Implementation Procedure Requirements “SLAC-I-770-0A17S-001-R000” Addresses the following,

QA ProgramPersonnel Training and QualificationQuality ImprovementDocuments and RecordsWork ProcessesDesignProcurementInspection & TestingManagement AssessmentIndependent Assessment



Prior FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012

3.4 2.0 10 15 15 10 4.6

March 1, 2007 Action Item Planning Assumptions

1) Funding profile

2)Instrument priorities1)Coherent Imaging including particle injector2)X-ray pump-probe including sample environments3)XCS complete to extent possible within funding

3) Establish a phased approach



CXI Phase I instrument - Hutch 5

X-ray beam focusing Be lens system for 1 and 2 micron foci

Sample chamber Sample diagnostics (ion and electron time of flight, visible light), raster stage for

supported sample, port for particle injector, detector stage

Beam diagnostics

Control system

Detector Utilize LCLS 2 dimensional detector

Delivered at CD-4a



XPP Phase I instrument - Hutch 3

X-ray beam focusing Be lens system

8 circle diffractometer

Laser optics Share the laser system with the AMOS experiment

Beam diagnostics Electro-optic timing sensing

Control system

Detector prototype of LCLS 2-d detector

Delivered at CD-4a



Major technical challenges beyond SR experiments

Diagnostics to measure the pulse by pulse (120 hz) fluctuations in the electron beam and intrinsic fluctuations in the SASE processLarge (1k x1k) 2-dim detectors that can be read out pulse by pulse Peak data rate from the 2-dim detectors ~ 2 Gigabit/s

Online data processingReal time display of data

Sample environments – particle injectorX-ray optics – novel optics and sub microradian tolerances



Major risks

Risk Category MitigationXPP diffractometer delivery late

Schedule Use diffractometer from the very successful SPPS experiment. Reduced performance, adequate for early studies

LCLS detector is late (CXI)

Schedule Commercial alternatives with reduced performance (beamstop required, 1 hz readout)

XPP BNL detector is late

Schedule Commercial alternatives with reduced performance. (read out rate)

Thin Si crystals Technical Diamond - reduced performance (coherence preservation) ; thick crystals – lose multiplexing



Risk Registry



Budget (K$)

Description TotalFY2007Direct

Indirect Escalation

LUSI – Total Project Cost 60,000.0 44,906.4 10,754.5 4,339.0

1.0 LUSI Project 55,100.0 42,773.6 8,120.0 4,206.4

WBS 1.1-1.6 41,924.8 30,586.0 8,120.0 3,218.8

Contingency 13,175.2 12,187.6 987.6

2.0 Other Project Costs 4,900.0 3,706.0 1,194.0



Schedule (milestones)

CD-1 July, 2007 Conceptual design

CXI, XPP:CD-2a Dec. 2007 Baseline established CD-3a July 2008 Construction start CD-4a Feb.2010 LCLS early scienceCD-4b March 2012 Project complete

XCS:CD-2b Oct. 2009 Baseline establishedCD-3b March 2010 Construction startCD-4b March 2012 Project complete



Firm basis for cost and risk assessment

Cost~ 50% of costs in major systems are quotes/catalog items componentsDetector development

BNL reports monthly technical progress and financial data against established plan Reviewed semi-annually by an external advisory committee of experts.

All baseline x-ray optics designs are derived from existing systems in use at other laboratories or are commercially available

RisksAll risks are evaluated on a line by line basis through a risk matrix tool developed by SNS for the SING project.



LUSI is a unique opportunity for experiments at LCLS

There has been outstanding work and cooperation from all the research teams and team leadersWith LUSI capability for early science February 2010 The specific areas of risk identified Project is well coordinated with LCLS – now part of the LCLS organizationLUSI is ready for CD-1 approvalReady to proceed with baseline cost and schedule development



Summary - Review goals

Positive determination for DOE to proceed with CD-1 for LUSIRecommendation for Budget Authority for the LUSI design phase