Arboviruses in Arboviruses in SpainSpain

Luxembourg20-21January 2003

Arboviruses Arboviruses andand ImportedImported Viral Viral DiseasesDiseases UnitUnit

OnOn behalfbehalf ofof thethe EVITAR EVITAR NetworkNetwork

West Nile in Spain

Methods: For the purpose of researching the prevalence of the WNV infection and other viruses transmitted similarly among the human population of the EbroEbroDeltaDelta, 1037 samples of serum1037 samples of serum taken [in November 1980][in November 1980] in 10 towns in this area were analyzed to detect the presence of WNV antibodies and antibodies of another 12 arthropod-borne viruses (3 Alphaviruses, 8 Flaviviridae and 1 Bunyaviridae) by means of titration by inhibition of inhibition of hemagglutinationhemagglutination (HAI).(HAI).In some cases, the presence of HAI-specific IgM was analyzed after breaking down the serum by centrifuging into sucrose gradients.

Results: In all, a significant degree of reaction was found to some of the viruses tested in 130 cases (12,5%; 4,1% to Alphavirus; 8% to Flaviviridae and 0,4% to Bunyaviridae). The analysis of the antibody titers revealed significant significant percentages of samples showing high percentages of samples showing high titerstiters to WNV and other types to WNV and other types of antigensof antigens. The spread for the antibody prevalence was highly uneven. being focused mainly in 3 localities located in land on the Delta (Ampolla, San Jaime and Montells), where the prevalence of prevalence of FlaviviridaeFlaviviridae antibodies totalled as antibodies totalled as high as 30%high as 30%, with residual levels of WNV-related IgM having been found in some serum samples.

Preliminary data (2002)ELISA-WN

797 sera

8 positive

1.0 %

Surveillance of arboviruses in Surveillance of arboviruses in mosquitoes in Spanish wetlandsmosquitoes in Spanish wetlands

20012001--20022002

Delta de l’Ebre

Badia de Roses i Baix TerBaix Llobregat

Huelva

MW Phlebo Alpha Flavi MWNeg MIX

Multiplex generic RT-PCRMW TOS SFN SFS AGU PT Vero neg MW MW MWRVF neg TOSMW TOS SFN SFS AGU PT Vero neg MW MW MWRVF neg TOS

Phlebovirus

Alphavirus

MW JEV MW MW MW-MWE ------ SLE TBE WN D1 D2 D3 D4 YFMW JEV MW MW MW-MWE ------ SLE TBE WN D1 D2 D3 D4 YF

Flavivirus

Capturas de mosquitos 2001523 “pools”

Roses Llobregat D.Ebre TOTALAnopheles atroparvus 48 579 627Anopheles maculipennis 1 1Anopheles 86 86Ochlerotatus caspius 985 78 748 1811Ochlerotatus detritus 33 33Aedes vexans 304 304Culex modestus 1 439 440Culex pipiens 807 1596 283 2686Culex theileri 238 238Culiseta annulata 6 6Culiseta longiareolata 57 1 58Culiseta sp 1 1Coquillettidia richiadii 2 2# mosquitos 2502 1733 2049 6284

2001-2002Captured mosquitoes

15 positive poolsHuelva

2002Roses

2001Llobregat 2001-2002

D.Ebre 2001-2002

Phlebotomus 3Anopheles atroparvus 3Anopheles maculipennisAnopheles spOchlerotatus caspius 2Ochlerotatus detritus 1Aedes vexans 3Culex modestusCulex pipiens 3Culex theileriCuliseta annulataCuliseta longiareolataCuliseta subochreaCuliseta richiardiiCoquillettidia sp

BLLPVBLLPV--11

BLLFVBLLFV--11

DEFVDEFV--11BRFVBRFV--11BRFVBRFV--22

Flavivirus, identified Flavivirus, pending Phlebovirus, identified

BRFV-1, BRFV-2 & DEFV-1:4 new flaviviruses of unknown impact on health,

conforming a new phlylogenetic group

Mosquitoes

Ticks

Unknown

VectorVector Bouboui Uganda S Kedougou Yellow Fever

Entebbe Bat

Banzi Yokos

e Ju

gra Kunjin Ja

panes

e Encep

halitis

Soku

luk

Sep

ik

Wes

t Nile

Poti

skum

Sab

oya

Edg

e Hi

ll

Den

gue

2

Spo

ndw

eni

Den

gue

1

Igua

pe N

aran

jal

Ilhe

us M

urra

y V

alle

y E

ncep

halit

is

St L

ouis

Enc

epha

litis

Yao

unde

Zik

a C

a cip

a co r

e S

tratfo

rd B

ussu

quar

a R

ocio

Usu

tu A

roa

Den

gue

4 N

taya

Alfu

y K

outa

ngo

Mea

ban

Sitia

wan

Tem

busu

Den

gue

3

Kok

ober

a

Bagaz

a

Israe

l Turk

ey M

eningo

ence

phalitis

Apo

i Kad

am

Sal Vieja

Jutiapa

Karshi

Royal Farm

Tyuleniy

Alkhurma

Kyasanur Forest

Gadgets Gully

Saumarez Reef

Russian Spring Summer Encephalitis

Tick Borne Encephalitis

Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever

Deer Tick Powassan Langat Louping Ill Negishi

Modoc Rio Bravo Montana Myotis San Perlita Bukalasa Bat Batu Cave Phnom Penh Bat Carey Island Dakar Bat

DEFV-1 BLLFV-1 BRFV-2 BRFV-1

Mosquito Cell Fusing Agent0.05

Baix Llobregat Phlebovirus-1A new phlebovirus of unknown impact on health

Nap

oles

Toscana

PBLL-1

Rift

Val

ley

Feve

r

Pun

ta T

oro

Aguacate

Sicilia

Uukuniem

i

0.1

BLLPV-1

Leishmania distribution mapLeishmania distribution map

Toscana a Phlebovirus causing meningitis in Spain

Toscana Serorevalence in South Madrid (457 sera)

R2 = 0,9993

02468

1012141618

2-10 y 11-20 y 21-30 y 31-40

age

% s

erop

reva

lenc

e

Leishmania distribution mapLeishmania distribution mapLeishmania distribution mapLeishmania distribution map

MW 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Tos MW-MW 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Tos MWMW 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Tos MW-344 bp298 bp

309 bp

Valasina et al.

MW 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Tos MW-MW 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Tos MWMW 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Tos MW-344 bp298 bp

309 bp

Valasina et al.N gen

- MWMW 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Tos

126 bp154 bp134 bp

- MWMW 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Tos

126 bp154 bp134 bp

GenericGeneric--RTRT--PCRPCRPol Pol gengen

ML Granada 22752

ML G

ranada 88136

ML G

ranada 148128 M

L Granada 159536

ML Granada 42389

ML Granada 219294

ML Granada 8834388122

ML Granada 88578

ML G

ranada 10310M

L G

rana da d 32 0

9 0 ML

Gra

nada

893

96

Tos

cana N

apoles

PBLL-1

Aguacate

Punta Toro

Rift Va lley Fever

Sic ilia

Uukuniem

i

0.1

Polimerase gen, 702 nt

ML Gra

nada 89396

ML

Gra

nada

d32

090

ML

Gra

nada

885

78

ML

Gra

nada

423

89

ML G

ranada 2

2752

ML Granada 219294ML Granada 159536

ML Granada 10310

ML Granada 148128

Toscana

ML

Gra

nada

881

36 M

L G

rana

da 8

8343

ML G

ranada 8

8122 Napoles

PBLL-1

Punta Toro

Aguacate

Sic ilia

Rift Va lley Fever U

ukuniemi

0.05

Polimerase gen, 234 nt

2003-2005… EVITAR a collaborative network for the study of arthropod

and rodent borne viruses in Spain

•• VirologistsVirologists•• EntomologistsEntomologists•• BiologistsBiologists•• VeterinariesVeterinaries•• CliniciansClinicians•• EpidemiologistsEpidemiologists

•• Toscana Toscana infectionsinfections– Serosurveys in

other regions– Viral variability– Active

surveillance– Natural cycle

EVITAR a collaborative network for the study of arthropod

and rodent borne viruses in Spain: 2003-2005

•• Arboviruses in Arboviruses in wetlandswetlands– Mosquitoes– Serosurveys in

humans, horses and migrating birds

– Active surveillance in humans

– Sentinel birds

EVITAR a collaborative network for the study of arthropod

and rodent borne viruses in Spain: 2003-2005

•• HantavirusHantavirus– Serosurveys in high

risk areas– Rodent capture in

high risk areas– Active surveillance

•• Imported vectorsImported vectors– A albopictus– Ticks, others

RICET a collaborative network for the study of tropical

diseases in Spain: 2003-2005

EVITAREVITAR• Arboviruses in

wetlands• Toscana infections• Hantavirus• Imported Vectors

RICETRICET•• Imported infectious Imported infectious

diseasesdiseases

CliniciansEpidemiologists

Virologists

TOSCANAVirologists

J.Mª. Navarro-Marí et al.Clinicians

Juan Córdoba et al.Epidemiologists

Carmen Amela et al.

ISCIIIAntonio Tenorio

M. Paz Sánchez SecoCristina DomingoGiovanni Fedele

Lourdes HernándezPaqui Molero

Teresa de MiguelDomingo Estévez

Fernando de OryJosé Manuel Echevarría

M. Eulalia Guisasola

Álvaro Lozano

Salvador de Mateo

WETLANDSVirologists

Hervé Zeller et al.Conha G-Tejedor

EntomologistsCarles Aranda et al.Raúl Escosa et al.

Eduard Marqués et al.Santiago Ruiz et al.

BiologistsRamón Soriguer et al.

CliniciansDomingo Bofill et al.Joan Zaragoza et al.

EpidemiologistsÁngela Domínguez et al.

VeterinariesFrancesc Vidal et al.

EVITAR

Thanks for your attention

This paper was produced for a meeting organized by Health & Consumer Protection DG and represents the views of its author on the subject. These views have not been adopted or in any way approved by the Commission and should not be relied upon as a statement of the Commission's or Health & Consumer Protection DG's views. The European Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper, nor does it accept responsibility for any use made thereof.