lymphoid organs-blok hi

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    Objective

    Structure and functions of the primary andsecondary lymphatic organs and lymphatictissues

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    LYMPHATIC QRGANS & TISSUES

    -Primary lymphatic organs :

    Thymus, bone marrow

    - Secondary lymphatic organs & tissues

    Spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils,

    lymph nodules/MALTs

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    The distribution of lymphatic organs

    and vessels

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    Components lymphatic tissue :

    1. Reticular fibers

    2. Mesenchymal reticular cells

    3. Epithelial reticular cells

    4. Lymphocytes : T and B lymphocytes,Plasma cells

    5. Macrophages

    6. Antigen presenting cells

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    Immunity reaction :

    1. Cellular (cell-mediated) immunity : T lymphocytes

    2. Humoral immunity : IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE and IgD

    (antibodies)

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    Origin of the main type of

    lymphocytes

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    The thymus is a central /primary lymphatic

    organ situated in the mediastinum at about

    the level of great vessels of the heart.

    Structure :

    Lobe

    Lobules :

    1. Cortex : small lymphocyte, epithelial reticular cell

    and blood-thymus barrier.

    2. Medulla : - Hassalls corpuscles

    - Extend into the core of each of the

    lobules

    THYMUS

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    Thymus

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    Desmosome

    Desmosome

    Desmosome

    Epithelialreticular cell

    Lymphocytes

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    Histogenesis and involution :

    Third pharyngeal pouches (endodermal)

    Functions :

    1. T-lymphocytes production

    2. Hormone production : thymopoietin, thymosin

    3. Blood-thymus barrier

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    Lymph nodes are encapsulated sphericalor kidney-shaped organ composed of

    lymphoid tissue.

    Scattered in group along lymphatic vessels in

    the neck, axilla, groin, thorax and abdomen,

    they act as in-line filter of the lymph,

    removing antigen and cellular debris and

    adding Ig.

    LYMPH NODES

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    1. Pericapsular fat andconnective tissue

    2. Capsule

    3. Lymphatic tissue

    4. Capsule andafferent lymphatics

    5. Cortex

    6. Medulla

    7. Trabeculae

    8. Blood vesselsin trabeculae

    9. Marginal(subcapsular)

    sinus

    10. Arterioles11. Efferentlymphatic vessels

    12. Hilus

    13. Medullarysinuses

    14. Medullary cords

    15. Cortical nodules(Lymphatic nodules)

    16. Marginal(subcapsular) sinus

    17. Germinal centers

    18. Veins

    LYMPH NODE (PANORAMIC VIEW)

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    Structure :

    Cortex :

    The dark-staining owing to presence of tightly packed

    lymphocytes.

    Secondary lymphoid nodules (containing primarily Blymphocytes) with germinal centers.

    Medulla :

    Lighter staining than cortex.

    Composed of cords of lymphoid tissue

    (medullary cord)

    separated by medullary sinuses.

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    Paracortical zone :

    This is the T-dependent region, lying

    between the cortical lymphoid nodules

    and the medulla.

    Characteristized by the presence ofmany high-endothelial post capillary

    venules.

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    Lymphatic Vessels : Afferent lymphatic vessels

    Efferent lymphatic vessels

    Afferent vessels subcapsular sinusperitrabecular sinus

    medullary sinuses

    efferent vessels

    exiting through the hilum

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    Function :- Filtration of lymph

    - Lymphocyte production (lymphopoiesis)

    - Immunoglobulin production

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    Spleen, the largest of the lymphoid organ, lies

    in the upper left quadrant of the abdominal

    cavity. It serves as the immunologic filter of

    the blood.

    SPLEEN

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    7. Germinal center

    8. Tangentialsection of asplenic nodule

    9. Central arteries(t.s) in splenicnodules

    10. Venoussinuses in thered pulp

    11. Trabecularveins

    12. Trabeculae (t.s)

    13. Sheathed artery14. Pulp arteries(arterioles)

    1. Peritoneumand capsule

    2. Splenic nodules(white pulp)

    3. Trabeculae

    4. Trabecularartery

    5. Splenic cords inthe red pulp

    6. Central artery(l.s)

    SPLEEN

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    Structure :

    Splenic pulp :White pu lp

    - Central artery- Periarterial lymphatic sheaths (PALS) :

    Tdependent region

    - Peripheral white pulp (PWP) :

    B lymphocytesRed pulp

    - Red pulp cords (Billroths)

    - Splenic sinusoid

    The marginal zone :- Border between

    the white and red pulp

    - Marginal sinuses

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    Schematic view of blood circulation

    of the spleen

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    Splenic circulation :

    a. Arterial supply :

    Abdominal aorta Splenic arteryTrabecular artery Central arteries

    Penicilliar arteriole Capillaries and sheetedarterioles sinuses of

    red pulp

    b. Open and closed theories of splenic circulation

    c. Venous drainage

    Sinusoid red pulp veins Trabecular vein

    Splenic vein inferior mesenteric vein

    Hepatic portal vein liver

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    Structure of the red pulp of the

    spleen

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    Functions :

    1. Production of blood cells

    2. Destruction of erythrocytes

    3. Defense of the organism : filter the blood

    4. Storage of blood

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    This incomplete encapsulated lymphatic

    aggregates contain many lymphatic

    nodules. They underlie the mucous

    membranes (epithelial lining) of

    oropharynx.

    TONSILS

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    The palatine tonsil

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    MALTs

    (Mucosa-associated lymphatic

    tissues)

    Lymphatic nodules are scatterred throughoutthe lamina propria of mucous membrane

    exp : Peyerspatches

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    Now I know

    Structure and functions of the primarylymphatic organs and tissues

    Structure and functions of the secondarylymphatic organs and tissues

    Thank you

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