lynn della grotta spring 2013 biomaterials
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Lynn Della Grotta Spring 2013 Biomaterials. Pertinent Physiology. Urethra Prostate gland Surrounds urethra Secretes fluid that mixes with sperm to make semen. http://www.umm.edu/graphics/images/en/10053.jpg. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Lynn Della GrottaSpring 2013Biomaterials
Pertinent PhysiologyPertinent Physiology
• Urethra
• Prostate gland– Surrounds urethra– Secretes fluid that mixes
with sperm to make semen
http://www.umm.edu/graphics/images/en/10053.jpg
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)(BPH)
• Benign (non-cancerous) cell growth of prostate– Growth of microscopic nodules– Hormonal changes:
DHT(dihydrotestosterone): stimulates cell growth in prostate lining(glandular epithelium) during pubertyEstrogen: testosterone decreases as male ages, higher ratio of estrogen levels
– Late cell growth activation• presses on and can block
urethra
http://www.neotract.com/forpatients_ous-q10085-c10048-BPH_Overview.aspx
Symptoms of BPHSymptoms of BPH• Frequent urination• Weak/slow stream• Delay/Difficulty in beginning urination• Urinary stream that starts and stops• Painful or burning sensation with urination• Feeling that bladder has not completely emptied• Urgent need to urinate and difficulty postponing urination• *Size of prostate enlargement is not correlated to the severity
of the symptoms• May have BPH with few or no symptoms• Symptoms collectively known as LUTS: Lower Urinary Tract
Symptoms
ScopeScope• 40% of men in 50s• 70% of men in 60s• 80-90% of men >70 years old• ~33% of men with BPH have symptoms
that disrupt their lifestyle• Risk factors: age, family history, obesity,
high blood pressure, low levels of HDL cholesterol, diabetes, peripheral artery disease
Treatment OptionsTreatment Options• If mild symptoms- monitor
– Limit alcohol, caffeine, excessive fluid intake– Pelvic floor muscle training– Avoid antihistamines, decongestants, and diuretics
• If treatment deemed necessary:– Medications:
• Alpha blockers• 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors• combination
– Surgery:• Transurethral Resection of Protstate (TURP)• Thermotherapies: Laser Resection of the Prostate, TUMT• UroLift
5-Alpha-Reductase 5-Alpha-Reductase InhibitorsInhibitors
• Finasteride (Proscar) • dutasteride (Avodart)
•Blocks conversion of testosterone to DHT
•Better with significant prostate enlargement
•Increase urinary flow, shrink prostate
•6-12 months before full benefits; continuous use
Side Effects:– Erectile dysfunction– Lowered libido– Decreased semen during
ejaculation
• Relax smooth muscles (bladder, urethra neck, prostate)•Often first line of treatment•Benefits in days/week•Continuous dosage needed•Improve urine flow, but don’t shrink prostate
Side Effects:– Hypotension, headache– Stuffy, runny nose– Decreased ejaculate– intraoperative floppy iris
syndrome (IFIS)- selective
• Selective:– tamsulosin(Flomax)– alfusozin (Uroxatral)– silodosin(Rapaflo)
•Nonselective:–terazosin (Hytrin)–doxazosin (Cardura)
Alpha BlockersAlpha Blockers
– Resectoscope inserted into urethra through penis and trim away excess prostate tissue
– Spinal or general anesthesia– 4-6 weeks recovery (1-2 days in hospital); catheter for
4-7days– Complications: heavy bleeding, erectile dysfunction,
UTI– Additional procedures 5-10 years later– Gold standard in surgery for treating BPH
Transurethral Resection of Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP)Prostate (TURP)
ThermotherapiesThermotherapies• Laser Resection of the Prostate
– Visual scope and laser inserted into urethra through penis; prostate tissue removed
– Risks: UTI, retrograde ejaculation,erectile dysfunction, narrowing of urethra(scar tissue formation)
• Transurethral Microwave Therapy (TUMT)– Outpatient procedure: small microwave antenna inserted into
urethra up to prostate. Microwaves heat up and destroy tissue.
– Risks: damage to genitals, UTI, retrograde ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, narrowing of urethra, need for re-treatment
Why UroLift?Why UroLift?• Medications are usually tried before UroLift considered• Over 25% of patients on medications discontinue use because of side
effects or inadequate effectiveness – Medication are short term treatments
• Only 2.7% of BPH patients elect for surgery– Complications: sexual function– Invasive, risks
• UroLift– When medications aren’t effective or too many side effects and want
less invasive surgery– Preserves sexual function– Less invasive, less risks– Quicker symptomatic relief– Prostate less than 100cc
UroLift DeviceUroLift Device
• In post-market study in U.S.; available for use in Canada, Europe, and Australia
http://www.neotract.com/formedicalprofessionals_ous-q10100-c10095-UroLift_Devices.aspx
• Implant:– Nitinol capsular tab– Stainless steel urethral end
piece– Size 0 polyethylene
teraphthalate (PET) nonabsorbable monofilament
UroLift ProceduresUroLift Procedures
• Local, general, or spinal anesthesia• Cystoscopy: telescope inserted into rigid sheath of UroLift system; advanced through urethra up
to bladder• Telescope replaced with UroLift delivery device• place device at targeted area of obstruction, unlock needle safety lock, depress trigger to fire
spring-loaded 19 gauge needle, retract needle to leave a tab on prostate capsule attached to polyester filament, depress release button to install urethral end piece– Each implant length is tailored to the various prostates and prostate locations
• No contact with lateral lobes until ready to deploy implant; compress lobe before deploying implant
• Number of implants determined by surgeon• Most critical target area is that of the urethra just distal to the bladder neck• movie: http://www.neotract.com/formedicalprofessionals_ous-q10096-c10095-Animation.aspx
http://www.neotract.com/formedicalprofessionals_ous-q10095-c10049-UroLift_System.aspx
Recovery ProtocolsRecovery Protocols
• Specifics decided by surgeon• No extreme exercise and no sexual
activity for 2 weeks• Sometimes catheterization needed: on
average about 1.5 days• Refrain from alcohol after surgery• Report any fever to physician• Can climb stairs, go to bathroom
Expected ImprovementsExpected Improvements• Symptomatic improvement within 1 day or 2; return to
normalcy within 1 week• 40% mean improvement in IPSS(International Prostate
Symptom Score) and urinary flow at 2 years• 48% improvement in QoL(Quality of Life) score at 1 year• No reports of erectile dysfunction or retrograde ejaculation• Improvements are comparable to the TURP surgery
Pre-Procedure Post-Procedurehttp://www.neotract.com/formedicalprofessionals_ous-q10095-c10049-UroLift_System.aspx
Expected ComplicationsExpected Complications
• Most common adverse events: dysuria, hematuria, and frequency– Typically resolved in 2 weeks
• In 64 man study, reported serious events: Urinary retention(3), epididymo-orchitis(1), rigors(1), myocardial infarction(1)– Resolved with standard treatment
Cost and InsuranceCost and Insurance
• United Kingdom:– Consultation: £210.00 ($315)– Self-Pay: Surgery(surgeon’s fee, hospital fee,
anaesthetist fee, follow-up consultation): £7,000 ($10,500)
– Insurance(Code M7080): £575 ($863) for surgeon and £240 ($360) for anaesthetist
According to Bristol Urology
ReferencesReferences• Barkin, Jack. “UroLift System for Relief of Prostate Obstruction Under Local Anesthesia”. The
Canadian Journal of Urology. April 2012. Web. 27 April 2013. <http://www.canjurol.com/html/free-articles/V19I2-17_DrBarkin.pdf>.
• “Prostate Laser Surgery”. Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 22 July 2011. Web. 23 April 2013. <http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/prostate-laser-surgery/MY00611/DSECTION=why%2Dits%2Ddone>.
• Simon, Harvey. “Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia”. University of Maryland Medical Center. UMMC, 8 July 2009. Web. 22 April 2013. <http://www.easybib.com/reference/guide/mla/website>.
• “Transurethral Microwave Therapy (TUMT)”. Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 11 May 2011. Web. 23 April 2013. <http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/tumt/MY00607/DSECTION=why%2Dits%2Ddone>.
• “Transurethral Resection of Protstate (TURP)”. Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 10 May 2011. Web. 23 April 2013. <http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/turp/MY00633/METHOD=print&DSECTION=all>.
• “Transurethral Resection of Protstate (TURP)”. Wikipedia. Wikipedia, 28 February 2013. Web. 23 April 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transurethral_resection_of_the_prostate>.
• UroLift. Relief. In Sight. NeoTract, 2011-2012. Web. 22 April 2013. <http://www.neotract.com/default.aspx>.