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LyricsofMnemonics:TheCalvinCycleofPhotosynthesisDATASETJUNE2014DOI:10.13140/2.1.4683.4246

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MirandaYeohSelangorMatriculationCollege,Malaysia(KolejMatriku39PUBLICATIONS38CITATIONS

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Availablefrom:MirandaYeohRetrievedon:13September2015

DR. MIRANDA P. YEOHSELANGOR MATRICULATION COLLEGEMINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MALAYSIAKOLEJ MATRIKULASI SELANGORKEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN MALAYSIA

The Calvin cycle consists of three stages. They are:

carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation, reduction of 1,3-Biphosphoglycerate (BPG)

and regeneration of Ribulose bisphosphate

(RuBP).

To enable students remember the Calvin Cycle, I use a simple tune.

It is a variation of Here we go around the mulberry bush.

The lyrics are on the top left corner, and in red.

Step 1: Carbon fixationThree RuBP and CO2 forms PGA,RuBP adds CO2; so CO2 is fixed!

3 moleculesCO2

3 molecules of RuBP [5C] 6 molecules of PGA [3C]

PGA is phosphorylated; forms 1,3-BPG.

3 moleculesCO2

3 molecules of RuBP [5C] 6 molecules of PGA [3C]

6 molecules of 1,3-BPG [3C]

6 ATP

6 ADP

Step2: Reduction of 1,3-BPGBPG now gets reducedto aldehyde G-3-P.

3 moleculesCO2

3 molecules of RuBP [5C] 6 molecules of PGA [3C]

6 molecules of 1,3-BPG [3C]

6 ATP

6 ADP

6molecules of G-3-P [3C]6 NADP+

6 NADPH

One G-3-P is removed; it changes to triose.

3 moleculesCO2

3 molecules of RuBP [5C] 6 molecules of PGA [3C]

6 molecules of 1,3-BPG [3C]

6 ATP

6 ADP

6molecules of G-3-P [3C]6 NADP+

6 NADPH

5 molecules of G-3-P [3C]

Triose; other

sugars

Five G-3-P still cycle around; Isomerize as Ribulose-Phosphate

3 moleculesCO2

3 molecules of RuBP [5C] 6 molecules of PGA [3C]

6 molecules of 1,3-BPG [3C]

12 ATP

12 ADP

6 molecules of G-3-P [3C]12 NADP+

12 NADPH

5 molecules of G-3-P [3C]

3 molecules of Ribulose5-Phosphate [5C]

ISOMERIZATION

Triose; other sugars

Step 3: Regeneration of RuBP3Ribulose 5-Phosphateis phosphorylated;regenerates 3RuBP.

3 moleculesCO2

3 molecules of RuBP [5C] 6 molecules of PGA [3C]

6 molecules of 1,3-BPG [3C]

6 ATP

6 ADP

6 molecules of G3-P [3C]6 NADP+

6 NADPH

5 molecules of G3-P [3C]

3 molecules of Ribulose5-Phosphate [5C]

ISOMERIZATION

3 ATP

3 ADP

Triose; other sugars

If our cycle goes round twice; you will have Glucose

6 moleculesCO2

6 molecules of RuBP [5C] 12 molecules of PGA [3C]

12 molecules of 1,3-BPG [3C]

12 ATP

12 ADP

12molecules of G-3-P [3C]12 NADP+

12 NADPH

10 molecules of G-3-P [3C]

6 molecules of Ribulose5-Phosphate [5C]

ISOMERIZATION

6 ATP

6 ADP

GLUCOSE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSI thank the Director of Kolej Matrikulasi Selangor, Vice Director, the Head ofScience Department and all lecturers and staff. You have all been most helpful andencouraging; and this has facilitated my research efforts in Cooperative Learning,Multiple Intelligences of Students, Independent Learning, and Innovations inTeaching Biology. The college has provided the necessary equipment for myresearch.

thank you..

Special thanks to..All lecturers of Biology Unit, KMS.All KMS staff: admin office, library and labs.

Most of all, I thank my family, friends and students who have been myrespondents, my photographers, advisors in video editing, my friends and my bestcritics. You have contributed great insights that have enabled me to continue inlifelong learning and to improve in my teaching and research.

MY AIM IS TO PROMOTE LIFELONG LEARNINGAMONG MY STUDENTS THROUGH ALL MYRESEARCH THAT MAKES LEARNING MORE FUN.