M. Gilchriese

ATLAS

DoE Review

May 2003

M. Gilchriese2

ATLAS LBNL GroupM. Barnett, V. Chang, A. Ciocio, A. Clark, D. Costanzo, S. Dardin, A. Deisher, M. Dobbs, K. Einsweiler, R. Ely, M. Garcia-Sciveres,

M. Gilchriese, F. GoozenF. Goozen, C. Haber, A. Haim, I. Hinchliffe, K. Huang, S. Lee, S. Loken, J. Lys, R. Madaras, F. McCormack, J. Muelmenstaedt,

J. RichardsonJ. Richardson, A. Saavedra, M. Shapiro, H. Spieler, G. Stavropoulos, G. Trilling, J. Virzi, T. Weber, R. Witharm

Physics Division and UC Berkeley

E. Anderssen, L. Blanquart, E. Anderssen, L. Blanquart, A. Das, T. DoolinT. Doolin,, N. Hartman, N. Hartman, J. HellmersJ. Hellmers,, T. JohnsonT. Johnson,, J. Joseph, E. Mandelli, G. MeddelerJ. Joseph, E. Mandelli, G. Meddeler, R. Powers,

A. Smith,A. Smith, C. Tran, J. Wirth, G. ZizkaEngineering Division

P. Calafiura, W. Lavrijsen, C. Leggett, M. Marino, D. Quarrie, C. TullP. Calafiura, W. Lavrijsen, C. Leggett, M. Marino, D. Quarrie, C. TullNERSC

Physicist Postdoc Grad Student Undergraduate EngineerEngineer Technician

M. Gilchriese3

ATLAS Overview• ATLAS is fully into production and many final components

have been delivered to CERN. Substantial progress in last year.

• Installation underground will begin later this year and continue into global commissioning at the end of 2006.

• Although many schedules are tight, it is feasible for ATLAS to be ready for first LHC beam as planned in 2007.

M. Gilchriese4

ATLAS Detector

Inner Tracking Detector

M. Gilchriese5

ATLAS Tracking

SCT

Pixels

M. Gilchriese6

Silicon Strip Detector(SCT)

• About 6x106 channels, 60m2

• Radiation hardness up to 10 MRad(roughly a decade at 1034 luminosity).

• About 4000 modules to be built world-wide, production is underway.

• Integration with mechanical structures, cables etc to begin later this year.

Silicon detector

Hybrid

Inte

grat

ed c

ircu

its

SCT Barrel Module

Strip pitch 80(barrel), 12cm long, noise about 1500e-

M. Gilchriese7

Pixel Detector• LHC radiation levels at 1034cm-2sec-1 prevent long-term operation of silicon strip

detectors for R< 25 cm.

• Pixel detectors have much smaller cell size, lower capacitance and thus noise, that results in signal-to-noise(unirradiated) about 10 times better than silicon strip detectors..

• Critical for tracking and finding secondary vertices(b-tagging)

• New technology for hadron colliders.

Pixel size 50x400About 108 channelsAbout 1,000 modulesNoise about 150e-

M. Gilchriese8

Current LBNL Roles in ATLAS• Silicon strip detector

– Test system for integrated circuits(ICs) completed and nearly all ICs tested.– Module production for barrel region underway– Strong collaboration with UC Santa Cruz in ICs and module production– Producing all readout boards for SCT(and pixels) in collaboration with Wisconsin.

• Pixel detector– Leadership roles in electronics, modules and mechanics– Production underway of mechanical supports, silicon detectors, ICs and hybrids– Module prototypes under test, module production to begin in a few months.– Collaborate with Albany, Iowa State, New Mexico, Ohio State, Oklahoma

• Software, computing and physics simulation– Lead role in the development of the Athena framework code(the “operating

system” for ATLAS software)– Lead role in development and maintenance of physics simulation tools– Overall ATLAS software coordinator is D. Quarrie, resident at CERN

M. Gilchriese9

SCT at LBNL• LBNL originated, designed and built custom, high-speed test systems for the

SCT integrated circuits (ABCDs). This has made it possible to keep up with delivery of wafers(more than 1000 wafers have been or will be fabricated)

• Test systems are at UCSC(2 stations), RAL(1 station) and CERN(1 station). Nearly all of the total ICs needed have been tested, mostly over the last year.

• LBNL is responsible in the US for module assembly and testing. We are in the process of transferring hybrid assembly/testing to Santa Cruz to speed up the production rate.

• Production of modules began late last year and 8% are complete. 500 modules to be produced.

• The SCT(and pixel) systems are read out using VME boards located about 100m from the experiment.

• The design work is largely done by LBNL engineering funded through the University of Wisconsin but there is also involvement of Phys. Div. Staff. The final production of the SCT boards will begin in a few months, to be followed afterwards by the pixel boards.

M. Gilchriese10

SCT Module Production in Cleanrooms

• A second precision measuring machine and 2nd wire bonder recently added with Division funding to improve production rate.

Module Metrology Electrical Testing

Wire Bonding

M. Gilchriese11

Hybrid and Module Production

As of May 19, 2003

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Date

Nu

mb

er

Hybrids up to Fanouts

Modules Started

Modules Completed

Hybrids Started

Hybrids up to fanout bondingCompletely tested modules

M. Gilchriese12

Service and Beampipe Support

Service and Beampipe Support

Pixel Detector

Pixel and Beam Pipe Assembly

About 7m long package

assembled on surface and lowered

into collision hall for insertion

into detector in early 2006

LBNL responsible for support frame, disk region, service panels and beampipe support structures

M. Gilchriese13

Pixels InstalledLBNL responsible for support tube..

Services andBeam Pipe Support Structure

SCT Barrel

TRT Forward

Side C Side A

Services andBeam Pipe Support Structure

Pixel Detector

TRT Forward

Beam Pipe Support Wire

ID Endplug

PP1

PST Support Flexures

Insertion Trolley

Beam Pipe

Pixel Support Tube

Package Insertion Riders

Z=848 – Wire SupportZ=3092 – PP1

Z=3120 – Adjustors

PP1 Bellows/Temporary Support

Z=~3200 – Bellows/Temp. Support

M. Gilchriese14

Composite Structures• We have developed the

capability to make custom composite structures.

• Combined thermal, structural and electrical properties to meet the pixel needs.

Autoclave at LBNL

Prototype Support Tube Section and Rails

M. Gilchriese15

Support/Cooling Structures

• Fabrication of pixel support structures is well advanced.

Global Support FrameDisk Support Rings

Disk Module Support/Cooling

M. Gilchriese16

Pixel Hybrids and Modules• M. Garcia-Sciveres from LBNL is the overall ATLAS module

coordinator,

Schematic Cross Section(through here)

Bumps

Flex Hybrid

Sensor

Wirebonds

ASICs

Pigtail (beyond)

To electrical-to-optical transition

About 1/3 of sensors(detectors) have been produced.

Flex hybrid production underway

About 250 modules(25%) to be assembled at LBNL

M. Gilchriese17

Pixel Electronics

• K. Einsweiler from LBNL is the overall ATLAS pixel electronics coordinator.

• The strong LBNL IC group allows us to lead the pixel electronics effort, in particular the design of the front-end chip that is on the critical path for the project.

• In addition, we are responsible for providing most of the IC and module tests systems for the collaboration, and these have also been designed and implemented by LBNL.

• First full integrated circuit prototypes were delivered about a year ago and exhaustively tested.

• Chips worked well.

M. Gilchriese18

Pixel Integrated Circuits• The lab and test beam studies in the last year were led by LBNL,

and we achieved the first demonstration that pixel technology will work at the LHC.

• Fabrication of dozens of prototype modules complete, more in progress

• Production versions of all chips have been submitted to IBM, first delivery just received.

Doric(from PIN diode to decoded LVDS)

VDC array(from LVDS to laser diodes)

Front End Chip2880 channels

Module Control ChipManages data & control between module’s 16 chips

Optical interface chips

M. Gilchriese19

Test Beam Efficiencies

Unirradiated moduleNoise occupancy is< 6x10-9 per pixel

Single-chip assemblies irradiated to about 65MRaddose with differentsensors and bump bonds.Different chip configurations.

A

B

A and B are different configurations

M. Gilchriese20

Charge Collection After Irradiation

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Pixel System Tests• System tests underway at LBNL, again leading collaboration.

• Will grow to long-term test of section of detector soon.

Pixel Modules on Support/Cooling Structure

Before After

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ATLAS Computing Organization

LBNL

New organization since last year

M. Gilchriese23

Data Challenges and Milestones• Data challenges completed or underway

– DC0 – a “continuity” test of system. Completed– DC1(Phase I) – simulated events to study high-level triggers(for preparation

of Technical Design Report) and to advance system. Completed.• Events simulated ~107 ,18 countries, 39 institutions involved, completed in

August 2002• LBNL provided about 30% of US computing power.

– DC1(Phase II) – underway. 70 Tb goal. More countries, more Grid

• Future data challenges and milestones– DC2: mid-2004, like DC1 in scale– Computing Technical Design Report by mid-2005– DC3: end 2005. 5 x DC2– Physics Readiness Report by mid-2006

• Continued development of Athena by LBNL a critical element to meet these milestones.

M. Gilchriese24

LBNL Software Expertise• Software Project Leader (David Quarrie)

– Leads all software development activities and is the Chief Architect. Resident at CERN.

• Physics Generators Coordinator (Ian Hinchliffe)– Provides support for all particle generators (Isajet, Pythia, etc.) and integrates them into the overall

control framework. U.S. ATLAS Physics Coordinator.

• Framework Coordinator (Paolo Calafiura)– In charge of the Athena framework and the collaboration with the LHCb developers– Responsible for coordinating software development for the core services associated with the

framework

• ATLAS software training coordinator (Massimo Marino)– Arranges tutorials and other training courses and is also responsible for detailed design of parts of an

LCG common project which will be shared by ATLAS, CMS & LHCb. Resident at CERN.

• Scripting support (Wim Lavrijsen)– Responsible for making Athena an interactive framework based and for GUI & command line shell

designed as a beginners aid

• Calibration/Alignment Infastructure (Charles Leggett)– Responsible for providing a transparent mechanism whereby time varying data may be automatically

tracked by an application code (I.e. the correct geometry for each event is automatically present with no explicit manipulations of the databases by the application code. Also responsible for ROOT histogram & n-tupe support and Geant4 integration into Athena

• GRID Integration (Craig Tull)– Responsible for the integration of GRID services into Athena (e.g. monitoring, file access, etc.)– Responsible for definition of Data Dictionary that allows for run-time interrogation of arbitrary objects

M. Gilchriese25

Computing Summary• Collectively LBNL provides a nucleus of experienced

Object Oriented designers around which much of the ATLAS software development is based.

• They coordinate many critical development activities• They leverage NERSC strengths and provide a core

competency within LBNL that can be (and is) applied to other programs (BaBar, SNAP, IceCube, SN-Factory)

• Close collaboration with physics simulation(and later analysis).

• This experience and expertise will be needed well beyond LHC turn-on in 2007, as the avalanche of LHC data arrives.

M. Gilchriese26

On to First Beam• Complete the fabrication of SCT modules and deliver them to

the UK by end 2004.

• Complete fabrication and testing of pixel components and deliver them to CERN by early 2005.

• Then assemble, install and commission pixel detector, which will require continuous presence at CERN with support from the US ATLAS Research Program.

• Continue to make ATLAS software work for data challenges and then ready for first data.

• Increase LBNL participation in physics analysis, as part of data challenge activity, and be ready for first data.

• New physics possible with very little integrated luminosity!

M. Gilchriese27

Beyond The Initial Detector

• ATLAS has been staged to meet funding realities.

• Pixel system(one layer) staged, current plan is to insert in long shutdown after 1st “physics run”. Would likely use current technology.

• Innermost layer of pixels will die after few years at 1034. Must be replaced, critical for b-tagging. Replacement would use new technology (improved ICs, better detectors, lower mass structures, etc) for improved pixel performance.

• Continued software development will be essential as the luminosity increases towards the design value and to respond to the actual data environment.

M. Gilchriese28

Major Upgrades

• A luminosity upgrade to 1035(SLHC) will require the complete replacement of the tracking detectors.

• Tracking is hard at 1034 and has required extensive R&D for over 15 years.

• Tracking will be harder at 1035 and will require a similar R&D effort => should have started R&D already!

• LBNL plans to remain leader in silicon(pixel) detectors for SLHC

M. Gilchriese29

ATLAS Personnel• Budget exigencies in the past year or so have prevented

us from hiring postdoctoral staff or other new physicists.

• We have added three retirees and redirected senior staff in an attempt to meet our construction commitments. Still short of physicists to meet current commitments.

• We are now nearly at the time when we MUST also ramp up our effort in physics simulation/analysis AND begin upgrade R&D.

• We cannot continue to meet our commitments to the construction projects, software and computing and have a role in physics analysis and the challenging upgrades without additional physicist staff.

M. Gilchriese30

Physicists Today

Se

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std

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Physics simulation/analysis 0.5 0 0.7Software and computing 0.5 0 0.5Pixel project 2.5 0.5 1.0SCT project 2.3 1.0 0Upgrades 0 0 0

Totals 5.8 1.5 2.2

M. Gilchriese31

Goal By LHC Turn On

Requires new Divisional. Fellow + new Facultyand expected migration of existing physicistsfrom CDF and D0.

Steady ramp upof postdocs

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Physics simulation/analysis 4.6 0.3 3.1Software and computing 1.7 0.2 3.1Commissioning/operations 4.2 0 1.8Upgrades 1.9 0.0 1.0

Totals 12.4 0.5 9.0

M. Gilchriese32

Implications for 2004

• Two postdoc slots have been created by slashing CDF and D0.

• But we will also lose two postdocs during 2004. • Need minimum of one more postdoc search

launched in 2004 and then must ramp up steadily.

• Existing senior personnel are (over)saturated with existing commitments.

• Additional leadership needed – Divisional Fellow.Want to launch search by this Fall.

M. Gilchriese33

Concluding Remarks

• ATLAS is on its way to be ready for first LHC beam.• LBNL is a world-wide leader in silicon detector

technology and leads the development of the ATLAS pixel detector.

• We are providing critical leadership in software and physics simulation, the keys to successful data analysis.

• We look forward to first physics with ATLAS!

• Physicists staff must grow soon to meet our ongoing commitments and to participate in physics analysis at the energy frontier after decades of work.