s.1 ep.15Dawah beyond the Meccan and Prelude to Hijra

Year

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

M 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622

Even

ts

Iqra’, Al-Mudatsir

As-Syuara: 214, Al-Hijr: 94

Proclaim

Abyssinia 1 and

2

Umar & Hamza become muslim

Economic and social

embargo

Death of Abu Thalib

Isra’ Mi’raj

Sta

ges

Death of Khadija

Secretive phase Declaration of

IslamDawah

beyond the Meccan

Prosecution

Muslims of YatsribPledge of Aqaba 1,2

Isra’ (The Night Journey)• Exact date unknown, majority during 10-13 yrs of revelation• Quranic record, Al-Isra: 1• Hadist record,

1. Muslim: narrated on the authority of Anas bin Malik that the Messenger of Allah said: I was brought al-Buraq Who is an animal white and long, larger than a donkey but smaller than a mule, who would place his hoof a distance equal to the range of vision. I mounted it and came to Bait Maqdis (in Jerusalem), then tethered it to the ring used by the prophets. I entered the mosque and prayed two rak'ahs in it, and then came out and Gabriel brought me a vessel of wine and a vessel of milk. I chose the milk, and Gabriel said: You have chosen the natural thing. Then he took me to heaven.

2. Al-Bukhari: Malik bin Sa’sa’a said that Allah's Apostle described to them his Night Journey saying, "While I was lying in Al-Hatim or Al-Hijr, suddenly someone came to me and cut my body open from here to here." I asked Al-Jarud who was by my side, "What does he mean?" He said, "It means from his throat to his pubic area," or said, "From the top of the chest." The Prophet further said, "He then took out my heart. Then a gold tray of Belief was brought to me and my heart was washed and was filled (with Belief) and then returned to its original place. Then a white animal which was smaller than a mule and bigger than a donkey was brought to me." (On this Al-Jarud asked, "Was it the Buraq, O Abu Hamza?" I (i.e. Anas) replied in the affirmative). The Prophet said, "The animal's step (was so wide that it) reached the farthest point within the reach of the animal's sight. I was carried on it, and Gabriel set out with me till we reached the nearest heaven.

Mi’raj (The Ascension)• Hadist record,

1.Al-Bukhari narated on the authority of Abu Dzar: I was carried on it, and Gabriel set out with me till we reached the nearest heaven. When he asked for the gate to be opened, it was asked, 'Who is it?' Gabriel answered, 'Gabriel.' It was asked, 'Who is accompanying you?' Gabriel replied, 'Muhammad.' It was asked, 'Has Muhammad been called?' Gabriel replied in the affirmative. Then it was said, 'He is welcomed. What an excellent visit his is!' The gate was opened, and when I went over the first heaven, I saw Adam there. Gabriel said (to me). 'This is your father, Adam; pay him your greetings.' So I greeted him and he returned the greeting to me and said, 'You are welcomed, O pious son and pious Prophet. >>> Adam had two groups on his right and on his left. He looks rightward and smiles then looks leftward and tears…. Jibril said: These are the souls of the children of Adam, on his right are the people of Paradise and on his left are the people of Hellfire. >>> When I went over the second heaven, there I saw Yahya (i.e. John) and 'Isa (i.e. Jesus) who were cousins of each other. Gabriel said (to me), 'These are John and Jesus; pay them your greetings.' So I greeted them and both of them returned my greetings to me and said, 'You are welcomed, O pious brother and pious Prophet.' >>> Then Gabriel ascended with me to the third heaven and asked for its gate to be opened. It was asked, 'Who is it?' Gabriel replied, 'Gabriel.' It was asked, 'Who is accompanying you?' Gabriel replied, 'Muhammad.' It was asked, 'Has he been called?' Gabriel replied in the affirmative. Then it was said, 'He is welcomed, what an excellent visit his is!'

Mi’raj (The Ascension)• Hadist record,

The gate was opened, and when I went over the third heaven there I saw Joseph. Gabriel said (to me), 'This is Joseph; pay him your greetings.' So I greeted him and he returned the greeting to me and said, 'You are welcomed, O pious brother and pious Prophet.‘ >>> Then Gabriel ascended with me to the fourth heaven and asked for its gate to be opened. It was asked, 'Who is it?' Gabriel replied, 'Gabriel' It was asked, 'Who is accompanying you?' Gabriel replied, 'Muhammad.' It was asked, 'Has he been called?' Gabriel replied in the affirmative. Then it was said, 'He is welcomed, what an excel lent visit his is!' The gate was opened, and when I went over the fourth heaven, there I saw Idris. Gabriel said (to me), 'This is Idris; pay him your greetings.' So I greeted him and he returned the greeting to me and said, 'You are welcomed, O pious brother and pious Prophet.' >>> Then Gabriel ascended with me to the fifth heaven and asked for its gate to be opened. It was asked, 'Who is it?' Gabriel replied, 'Gabriel.' It was asked. 'Who is accompanying you?' Gabriel replied, 'Muhammad.' It was asked, 'Has he been called?' Gabriel replied in the affirmative. Then it was said He is welcomed, what an excellent visit his is! So when I went over the fifth heaven, there I saw Harun (i.e. Aaron), Gabriel said, (to me). This is Aaron; pay him your greetings.' I greeted him and he returned the greeting to me and said, 'You are welcomed, O pious brother and pious Prophet.'

Mi’raj (The Ascension)• Hadist record,

When I went (over the sixth heaven), there I saw Moses. Gabriel said (to me),' This is Moses; pay him your greeting. So I greeted him and he returned the greetings to me and said, 'You are welcomed, O pious brother and pious Prophet.' When I left him (i.e. Moses) he wept. Someone asked him, 'What makes you weep?' Moses said, 'I weep because after me there has been sent (as Prophet) a young man whose followers will enter Paradise in greater numbers than my followers.' >>> So when I went (over the seventh heaven), there I saw Abraham. Gabriel said (to me), 'This is your father; pay your greetings to him.' So I greeted him and he returned the greetings to me and said, 'You are welcomed, O pious son and pious Prophet.‘ >>> Then I was made to ascend to Sidrat-ul-Muntaha (i.e. the Tree of the utmost boundary) Behold! Its fruits were like the jars of Hajr (i.e. a place near Medina) and its leaves were as big as the ears of elephants. Gabriel said, 'This is the Tree of the utmost boundary . (in Muslim: from Hadith of Anas: And when it was covered by the Command of Allah, it underwent such a change that none amongst the creation has the power to praise its beauty.) >>> Behold ! There ran four rivers, two were hidden and two were visible, I asked, 'What are these two kinds of rivers, O Gabriel?' He replied,' As for the hidden rivers, they are two rivers in Paradise and the visible rivers are the Nile and the Euphrates.' >>> Then Al-Bait-ul-Ma'mur (i.e. the Sacred House) was shown to me and a container full of wine and another full of milk and a third full of honey were brought to me. I took the milk. Gabriel remarked, 'This is the Islamic religion which you and your followers are following.

Mi’raj (The Ascension)• Hadist record,

Then the prayers were enjoined on me: They were fifty prayers a day. When I returned, I passed by Moses who asked (me), 'What have you been ordered to do?' I replied, 'I have been ordered to offer fifty prayers a day.' Moses said, 'Your followers cannot bear fifty prayers a day, and by Allah, I have tested people before you, and I have tried my level best with Bani Israel (in vain). Go back to your Lord and ask for reduction to lessen your followers' burden.' So I went back, and Allah reduced ten prayers for me. Then again I came to Moses, but he repeated the same as he had said before. Then again I went back to Allah and He reduced ten more prayers. When I came back to Moses he said the same, I went back to Allah and He ordered me to observe ten prayers a day. When I came back to Moses, he repeated the same advice, so I went back to Allah and was ordered to observe five prayers a day. >>> When I came back to Moses, he said, 'What have you been ordered?' I replied, 'I have been ordered to observe five prayers a day.' He said, 'Your followers cannot bear five prayers a day, and no doubt, I have got an experience of the people before you, and I have tried my level best with Bani Israel, so go back to your Lord and ask for reduction to lessen your follower's burden.' I said, 'I have requested so much of my Lord that I feel ashamed, but I am satisfied now and surrender to Allah's Order.' When I left, I heard a voice saying, 'I have passed My Order and have lessened the burden of My Worshipers."

•Quranic record: An-Najm: 11-18

• Other scenes from the Ascension Journey: Paradise, Hellfire, Jibril (on his original form), Malek: Custodian of

Hellfire, Dajjal (False Messiah), Punishment of fornicators, Punishment of those who eat out of Usury, Punishment of those who embezzle wealth of the orphans

• The pagans faced the story with disbelief.The Prophet described Bait Al-Maqdis that he never visited beforeThe Prophet told them about caravans he saw on his return journey.The weak in faith turned away from Islam

• The believers received the miracle with increase in faith.Atiq ibn Abi Qahafa >>> Abu Bakr “AsSiddiq”

• Banu ‘Aamer:Large and strong tribe, enemies of Thaqif.They demanded guarantees of leadership after the ProphetRejected Islam unless there is earthly benefits

• Banu Shaybaan:They welcomed the Prophet and listened to the MessageThey would not dare break their agreement with Persia and offer protection to Muslims in their territories. (al-Muthanna: later on the first commander against Persia)

• Suwayd bin As-SametFrom the A’wsHad the “Magazine of Luqman”Listened to Quran and admired it.Killed in the battle of Bu’aath, some reported he died a Muslim.

• Iyas bin Mu’athCame to Mecca seeking alliance with Quraysh against KhazrajListened to the Prophet and admired QuranKilled in the battle of Bu’aath, some reported he died a Muslim.

As the Messenger of Allah went on the path of Da’wah diligently calling the tribes of Arabia inside and outside Mecca he spoke to groups during Hajj season

•Year 11th after Revelation (620 CE), the Prophet met a group from Yathrib at the ‘Aqabah in Mina. They accepted Islam. All from the Khazraj:

As’ad bin Zurarah (banu Najjar), Awf bin Al-Harith (Ibn ‘Afra’) (banu Najjar), Rafi’ bin Malik (Banu Zurayq), Qutbah bin ‘Aamer (from banu Salamah), ‘Uqbah bin ‘Aamer (from Banu Haram), Jaber bin Abdellah (banu Ghanam)

As the Messenger of Allah went on the path of Da’wah diligently calling the tribes of Arabia inside and outside Mecca he spoke to groups during Hajj season

•Year 12th after Revelation started (621 CE), the Prophet met a group of 12 men from Yathrib at the ‘Aqabah in Mina:

•5 muslims from last year + Mu’ath bin Al-Harith (Ibn ‘Afra’) (banu Najjar), Ubadah bin As-Samet, Thakwan bin Abdul-Qays, Yazid bin Tha’labah, Al-’Abbas bin ‘Ubadah (from Khajraj) and Abu-Alhaytham bin Al-Tayhan, ‘Uwaym bin Sa’idah (from Aus)

•The First Pledge of ‘AqabaTawheed, Do not steal, Do not fornicate, Do not kill your

children, Do not commit falsehood or evil, Obey the Messenger in Good Deeds, The reward shall be Paradise >>> The Messenger of Allah sent Mus’ab bin ‘Umayr with the group to teach Islam and then Abdullah bin Mas’ud to teach Qur’an

As the Messenger of Allah went on the path of Da’wah diligently calling the tribes of Arabia inside and outside Mecca he spoke to groups during Hajj season

•The 13th year after revelation (622 CE), Hajj season.Meeting at the same place in ‘Aqabah in Mina (first Jamrah) on

the 12th of Dhi Alhijjah. >>> That night Abdullah bin Amr bin Haram (Jaber’s father) declared Islam and joined the group. >>> Ka’b bin Malik said: “We were seventy three men and two women Nusaibah bint Ka‘b from the Najjars and Asma’ bint ‘Amr from Bani Salamah.” We waited for the Messenger of Allah until he came in the company of his uncle Al-‘Abbas bin ‘Abdul Muttalib (who was not a Muslim then)” >>> Al-’Abbas spoke to clarify the seriousness of the Pledge and to assure protection for his nephew, Muhammad.

The Clausul

•The Ansar (Helpers) asked the Messenger of Allah about the principles over which they would take a pledge. The Prophet answered:

To listen and obey in all sets of circumstances. To spend in plenty as well as in scarcity. To enjoin good and forbid evil. In Allah's service, you will fear the censure of none.

•They said: that is for your Lord. Ask for yourself, because we want you to come to us. The Prophet said:

To defend me in case I seek your help, and debar me from anything you debar yourself, your spouses and children from. And if you observe those precepts, Paradise is in store for you.

The Clausul

•Here Al-Bara’ bin Ma‘rur, caught him by hand, and said: "Oh yes, we swear by Allah, Who sent you as a Prophet in Truth, that we will protect you from whatever we protect our women from. By Allah, we are genuine fighters and quite reliable in war, it is a trait passed down to us from our ancestors.“

•Then ‘Abul Haitham At-Taihan interrupted and said: "O Prophet of Allah! Between us and the Jews, there are agreements which we would then sever. If Allah grants you power and victory, would you leave us and go back to your poeple (meaning Quraish)?"

The Prophet smiled and replied:"Nay, it would never be; your blood will be my blood. In life and death I will be with you and you with me. I will fight whom you fight and I will make peace with those with whom you make peace.“

The Clausul

•The Prophet [pbuh] then asked the group to appoint twelve deputies to preach Islam to their people in Madinah, to shoulder the responsibility of implementing the articles of this pledge and to guide the respective men of their own tribes in matters relating to the propagation of Islam. The deputies elected were nine from Al-Khazraj: As‘ad bin Zurarah bin ‘Ads, Sa‘d bin Ar-Rabi‘ bin ‘Amr, ‘Abdullah bin Rawahah bin Tha‘labah, Rafi‘ bin Malik bin Al-‘Ajlan, Al-Bara’ bin Ma‘rur bin Sakhr, ‘Abdullah bin ‘Amr bin Haram, ‘Ubadah bin As-Samit bin Qais, Sa‘d bin ‘Ubadah bin Dulaim and Al-Mundhir bin ‘Amr bin Khunais. Three others were from Al-Aws: Usaid bin Hudair bin Sammak, Sa‘d bin Khaithamah bin Al-Harith and Rifa‘a bin ‘Abdul Mundhir bin Zubair.