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Biology 30

Morinville Community

High School

Unit 3: Reproduction &

Prenatal Development

Name: ______________

Chapters 14 and 15 text p. 477-543

Key Concept A: Structures and Functions of the Male

Reproductive System p.474-481

A1. Functions of the male reproductive organs

A2. Structure of the male reproductive organs

A3. Structure of the human sperm

A4. Supporting structures for sperm

Key Concept B: Structures and functions of the female

reproductive system p.481-484

B1. Functions of the female reproductive organs

B2. External genital organs

B3. Structure of the female reproductive organs

B4. Structure of the Human egg (ovum)

B5. Supporting structures for ova

Key Concept C: Hormonal Regulation of the male

reproductive system p.492-494

D1. Maturation of the male reproductive system

D2. Functions of the male reproductive hormones

D3. Hormone regulation

Key Concept D: Hormonal regulation of the female

reproductive system p.495-499

E1. Maturation of the female reproductive system

E2. Functions of the female reproductive hormones

E3. Hormone Regulation

E4. Menstrual Cycle

E5. Ovarian Cycle

Key Concept E: Fertilization & Embryonic

Development p.508-516

F1. Fertilization

F2. Implantation

F3. Differentiation

F4. Structures that support the embryo

F5. The placenta

F6. Sex organ development

F7. Technologies that reduce reproductive potential

Key Concept F: Fetal Development and Birth

G1. Hormonal Control of pregnancy

G2. Fetal Development

G3. Environmental factors that effect embryonic and fetal

development

G4. Parturition / Birth

G4. Lactation

Key Concept G: Sexually Transmitted infections p.486-490

C1. Summary of STI!s

C2. Preventing Transmission of STI!s

Reproduction & Prenatal Development

Unit Outline

REPRODUCTION AND PRENATAL

DEVELOPMENT UNIT EXAM

text p. 478

gonads:

gametes:

! Male gametes are called _____________

! Female gametes are called _____________

sex hormones:

primary sex characteristics:

secondary sex characteristics:

1. Functions of the male reproductive organs

Structure Description of function

testes

seminiferous

tubules

epididymis

vas deferens

(ductus deferens)

Cowper's glands

prostate gland

seminal vesicles

ejaculatory duct

urethra

penis

Chapter 14: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems text p. 478-505

Key Concept: Structures and functions of the male reproductive system text p. 478 - 481

Vocabulary

Vocabulary

2. Structure of the male reproductive organs text p. 479

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

1.

2.

8.

10.

11.

3.

4.

Vasectomy:

glans penis: enlarged tip of the penis

foreskin: surrounds and protects the glans penis

Circumcision:

3. Structure of the Human Sperm text p. 480

Explain the significance of the:

! acrosome

! nucleus

! mitochondria

! tail (flagellum)

4. Supporting structures for sperm

Production of sperm:

! pituitary secretes FSH to stimulate _________________

Supporting structure for

sperm

Description of the function

Sertoli cells

interstitial cells

epidiymis

seminiferous tubules

Vocabulary

Vocabulary

Sperm Anatomy and Supporting Structures text p. 480

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

10.

9.

11.

1. Functions of the female reproductive organs

text p. 484; use chart

Functi Description of function

ovaries

fimbriae

Fallopian tubes

(oviducts)

uterus

(womb)

endometirum

cervix

vagina

2. External genital organs

text p. 484

Describe :

labia:

clitoris:

The paired female gonads are called:

The female gametes are called:

Key Concept: Structures and functions of the female

reproductive system text p. 481 - 484

Vocabulary

Vocabulary

3. Structure of the female reproductive organs text p. 482

4. Structure of the Human Egg (Ovum)

1. 2.

3.

4.

5.

4.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

13.

2.

12.

5.

1.

3.

4. Structure of the Human Egg (Ovum)

! 20 times larger than the head of the sperm cell

! contains a large quantity of cytoplasm

! encased in a thick membrane that must be penetrated

by the sperm's acrosome

Diagram of Ovum

5. Supporting structures for ova

Production of eggs:

! pituitary releases FSH to promote_________________

! involves the ovarian cycle

Supporting

structures for ova

Description of function

follicles

copus luteum

Vocabulary

1. Maturation of the male reproductive system

text p. 493

puberty:

Average age of puberty:

Puberty begins when:

2. Functions of the male reproductive hormones text p. 493

Hormone Production

site

Target

organ(s)

Description of function

GnRH

FSH

LH

testosterone

1.

2.

3. along with FSH, testosterone

stimulates gamete production

iinhibin

Key Concept: Hormonal regulation of the male

reproductive system text p. 492-494

Vocabulary

Vocabulary

3. Hormone Regulation

1. Maturation of the female reproductive system text p. 495

Average age of puberty of North American girls:

Puberty begins when:

text p. 495

menstrual cycle:

The menstrual cycle is two separate but interconnected cycle of

events:

ovarian cycle

uterine cycle

2. Functions of the female reproductive hormones text p. 493

Hormone Production

site

Target

organ(s)

Description of function

GnRH

FSH

1.

2.

3. stimulates estrogen

production

LH

1.

2.

estrogen

1.

2. initiates the formation of a

new layer of endometrium

progesterone

1. further prepares the

endometrium for arrival of the

fertilized egg

2. in conjunction with

estrogen, inhibits FSH and LH

3. inhibits uterine contrations

Key Concept: Hormonal regulation of the female

reproductive system text p. 495-499

Vocabulary

Vocabulary

3. Hormone Regulation text p. 495-498

The Ovarian Cycle

1.

2.

3.

4.

13.

12.

11.

10.

9.

8.

7.

6.

5.

A.

B. C.

D.

Hormones and the Menstrual Cycle

Due date:_________________________

PROBLEM: What is the relationship between hormones

and changes in the ovary?

PROCEDURE:

1. Using either a computer or a piece of graph paper, plot

the concentrations of FSH and LH in the blood during the

menstrual cycle. Use the data from the table. If you are

completing your graph by hand, you may want to separate

the gonadotropic hormones from estrogen and

progesterone. Use a different colour for each of the four

hormones.

2. The following 5 pictures depict the follicle and/or

corpus luteum during day 4, 8, 14, 18, and 22 in random

order. Re-arrange them and sketch them on, above, or

below your graph from step #1. Make sure your sketches

correspond with the correct days.

3. Label ovulation, follicular phase and luteal phase on

your graph

4. Use your graphs and data table to answer the questions

that follow.

Concentration of FSH, LH, estrogen and progesterone (in

arbitrary units) in the blood during the menstrual cycle.

Day FSH LH Estrogen Progesterone

0/28 8 12 5 3

2 14 14 4 2

4 16 15 3 2

6 17 15 3 2

8 17 15 4 2

10 18 15 5 2

12 20 28 14 2

14 18 45 13 3

16 8 20 9 4

18 7 19 8 6

20 6 18 10 11

22 5.5 16 11 12

24 6 14 12 13

26 7 14 8 8

28/0 8 12 5 3

QUESTIONS:

1. What is the effect of follicle development on estrogen

levels during the late stages of the follicular phase?

2. Cause and effect: An example of a cause and effect

hypothesis, with data, would be:

FSH produced by the pituitary gland causes the

follicles to produce estrogen. On the graph, it can be

seen that on days 8-12 the concentration of FSH

increases from 17 to 20 units. This causes the

concentration of estrogen to increase from 3 to14

units.

Write a cause and effect hypothesis that links the

production of LH to the production of progesterone and

estrogen. Support your answer with data. (Note: no marks

unless you have referred to the data to support your answer)

3. What hormone directly stimulates ovulation? Support your

answer with data. (Note: no marks to identify the hormone unless you

have referred to the data to support your answer)

4. Identify the organ causes a change in progesterone levels.

5. Identify the endocrine cells that produces mainly estrogen.

6. Identify the organ that estrogen targets during the menstrual

cycle.

7. What effect does the high levels of estrogen and progesterone,

during the luteal phase, have on the levels of FSH and LH?

1. Fertilization: day 1

!

Fertilization:

Steps of fertilization of an egg by the sperm:

A-

B-C

D-

E-

Zygote:

Why must the egg be fertilized within 12 to 24 hours

of its release?

Why do so few sperm arrive in the oviduct where the

egg is?

Key Concept: Fertilization and

embryonic development text p. 508 -519

Vocabulary

2. Implantation

! On the path to the uterus and within 30 h of being fertilized, the

zygote divides by the process of

! Mitotic division continues , however the new cells do not enlarge

and the overall size of the zygote remains the same. This

process of rapid cell divisions without cell enlargement is called:

Once the zygote begins to divide, it proceeds through the following

developmental stages:

_____________ : consists of 16 or more cells

- no cell enlargement , just cleavage

____________________ (~5th day): a fluid-filled cell structure with

two different groups of cells:

-outer sphere of cells (trophoblast):

- inner cells:

implantation:

Once implantation occurs, the woman is now said to be __________

Hormonal control:

The outer layer of cells (trophoblast ) secretes the hormone called

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Target of hCG:

Effect of hCG:

Vocabulary

Fertilization, Cleavage, Implantation

3. Differentiation text p. 511-512

differentiation:

gastrulation:

morphogenesis:

During the second week , inner layer of cells differentiate into:

____________ and ____________

Shortly, a third layer,______________, forms between the ectoderm

and endoderm.

All future tissues, organs and organ systems of the body will develop

from the cells of the germ layers.

Body organs arising from the three germ layers

Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm

Vocabulary

Gastrulation Diagrams

4. Structures That Support The Embryo

There are four extra-embryonic membranes that develop along with the three germ layers. text p.516

Extra-embryonic

membrane

Description

-a transparent, fluid-filled sac

-protects the embryo from trauma; allows

freedom of movement

-contributes to the formation of the digestive tract

-produces the first blood cells

-produces the future egg or sperm -cells

*see note

-forms the umbilical artery and vein

-forms the urinary bladder

-forms the fetal portion of the placenta

*Note: the yolk sac does NOT supply nutrients to a human embryo

as it does in birds

Extra-embryonic membranes

Vocabulary

5. The Placenta text p. 515-516

The placenta is a disk-shaped organ that is rich in blood vessels.

The placenta is a shared organ between mother and fetus.

The placenta is a combination of:

fetal tissue:

AND

maternal tissue:

umbilical cord:

chorionic villi:

Vocabulary

Metabolic exchange occurs through the placenta

1. H

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5. Lactation text p.526

Lactation is

! controlled by

Lactation Feedback

suckling stimulates nerve endings in nipples

__________________________ stimulated

_______________________ ________________________

____________________ ___________________

-targets mammary lobules - targets mammary lobules

-stimulates contraction -stimulates milk production

and milk ejection

(let-down reflex)

Diagram: text p. 526

Vocabulary