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11-1 www.wellynailis.web.id SRIWIJAYA UNIVERSITY M WELLY NAILIS, SE MM www.wellynailis.web.id POSITIONING & DIFERENSIASI SERTA PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE

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POSITIONING & DIFERENSIASI SERTA PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE. M WELLY NAILIS, SE MM www.wellynailis.web.id. POSITIONING. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: M WELLY NAILIS, SE MM wellynailis.web.id

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M WELLY NAILIS, SE MMwww.wellynailis.web.id

POSITIONING & DIFERENSIASI SERTA PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE

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POSITIONING““Tindakan yang dilakukan marketer Tindakan yang dilakukan marketer

untuk membuat citra produk dan untuk membuat citra produk dan hal-hal yang ingin ditawarkan hal-hal yang ingin ditawarkan

kepada pasar berhasil memperoleh kepada pasar berhasil memperoleh posisi yang jelas dan mengandung posisi yang jelas dan mengandung

arti dalam benak konsumen arti dalam benak konsumen sasarannya.”sasarannya.”

(Philip Kotler)(Philip Kotler)

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Table 11.1: Examples of Value PropositionsDemand States and Marketing Tasks

Company Company and and ProductProduct

Target Target CustomersCustomers BenefitsBenefits PricePrice

Value Value PropositionProposition

Perdue Perdue (chicken)(chicken)

Quality-Quality-conscious conscious consumers of consumers of chickenchicken

TendernessTenderness 10% 10% premiumpremium

More tender More tender golden chicken at golden chicken at a moderate a moderate premium pricepremium price

VolvoVolvo

(station (station wagon)wagon)

Safety-Safety-conscious conscious “upscale” “upscale” familiesfamilies

Durability Durability and safetyand safety

20% 20% premiumpremium

The safest, most The safest, most durable wagon in durable wagon in which your family which your family can ridecan ride

Domino’s Domino’s (pizza)(pizza)

Convenience-Convenience-minded pizza minded pizza loverslovers

Delivery Delivery speed and speed and good qualitygood quality

15% 15% premiumpremium

A good hot pizza, A good hot pizza, delivered to your delivered to your door door within door door within 30 minutes of 30 minutes of ordering, at a ordering, at a moderate pricemoderate price

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Positioning StrategyPositioning According to Ries and TroutPositioning According to Ries and TroutPenetapan positioning dimulai dengan produk………. Penetapan positioning dimulai dengan produk………. tetapi positioning bukanlah kegiatan yg anda lakukan tetapi positioning bukanlah kegiatan yg anda lakukan terhadap produk. Positioning adalah kegiatan yg anda terhadap produk. Positioning adalah kegiatan yg anda lakukan terhadap pikiran calon pelanggan. Jadi, anda lakukan terhadap pikiran calon pelanggan. Jadi, anda memposisikan produk tsb ke dalam pikiran pelanggan.memposisikan produk tsb ke dalam pikiran pelanggan.Produk terkenal memiliki posisi yg khas di benak Produk terkenal memiliki posisi yg khas di benak konsumen, Strategi pesaing al :konsumen, Strategi pesaing al :Strengthen own current position. Strengthen own current position. Avis (We are No 2), 7up Avis (We are No 2), 7up (Uncola)(Uncola)Grab an unoccupied position. Grab an unoccupied position. Yamaha Mio (Motor Wanita)Yamaha Mio (Motor Wanita)

De-position atau Re-position. MarlboroDe-position atau Re-position. Marlboro

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JARINGAN MEMORI SEMANTIK

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POSITIONINGTEH BOTOL SOSRO

19751975 Pelepas Dahaga AsliPelepas Dahaga Asli

19851985 Hari-Hari Teh BotolHari-Hari Teh Botol

19941994 Hari-Hari Teh SosroHari-Hari Teh Sosro

19961996 Aslinya TehAslinya Teh

19971997 Ahlinya Teh Ahlinya Teh

20022002 Apapun Makanannya, Minumnya TehApapun Makanannya, Minumnya Teh

Botol SosroBotol Sosro

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POSITIONING

KESALAHAN POSITIONING (Major positioning errors)KESALAHAN POSITIONING (Major positioning errors)

UNDERPOSITIONING : Konsumen tidak mengenali kekhususan UNDERPOSITIONING : Konsumen tidak mengenali kekhususan merek/produk yang dikomunikasikan. Penetapan posisi yang kurang, merek/produk yang dikomunikasikan. Penetapan posisi yang kurang, tidak ada gregetnya.tidak ada gregetnya.

OVERPOSITIONING : Konsumen memiliki citra yang terlalu sempit OVERPOSITIONING : Konsumen memiliki citra yang terlalu sempit terhadap merek tertentu. (Misal : Toyota terhadap merek tertentu. (Misal : Toyota Hanya Kijang) Hanya Kijang)

CONFUSED POSITIONING : Penetapan posisi yang CONFUSED POSITIONING : Penetapan posisi yang membingungkan, misal karena terlalu banyak pengakuan atau sering membingungkan, misal karena terlalu banyak pengakuan atau sering berubah. (Suzuki Baleno, Jamu Komplit)berubah. (Suzuki Baleno, Jamu Komplit)

DOUBTFUL POSITIONING : Konsumen tidak mempercayai DOUBTFUL POSITIONING : Konsumen tidak mempercayai pengakuan merek tertentu berkenaan dgn harga, fitur, dll.pengakuan merek tertentu berkenaan dgn harga, fitur, dll.

How about Repositioning ?How about Repositioning ?Case Marlboro (Case Marlboro (move to a better segment), Vicks / Pantene ?move to a better segment), Vicks / Pantene ?

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Figure 11.1: Perceptual Map

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POSITIONING

STRATEGISTRATEGI Menurut Ciri Produk (Lampu Philip Menurut Ciri Produk (Lampu Philip Ketahanan) Ketahanan) Menurut Manfaat (Close Up Menurut Manfaat (Close Up Gigi Putih & Harum) Gigi Putih & Harum) Menurut Penggunaan (Fuso Menurut Penggunaan (Fuso Angkutan) Angkutan) Menurut Pemakai (Nike Menurut Pemakai (Nike Soccer) Soccer) Menurut Pesaing (Naturade Menurut Pesaing (Naturade Lebih baik) Lebih baik) Menurut Katagori Produk (Panasonic Menurut Katagori Produk (Panasonic Elektronik) Elektronik) Menurut Mutu/Harga (Lion Air Menurut Mutu/Harga (Lion Air Murah) Murah)

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POSITIONING OTOMOTIF Volkswagen menjadi mobil yang kuat dengan menjadi Volkswagen menjadi mobil yang kuat dengan menjadi

yang pertama dalam katagori baru yang disebut Mobil yang pertama dalam katagori baru yang disebut Mobil Kecil.Kecil.

Jeep Jeep Sport Utility Vehicles Sport Utility Vehicles Hummer Hummer Kendaraan Militer Kendaraan Militer Chrysler Chrysler Minivan Minivan Cadillac Cadillac Mobil Mahal Amerika Mobil Mahal Amerika Corvette Corvette Mobil Sport Amerika Mobil Sport Amerika Porsche Porsche Mobil Sport Mahal Mobil Sport Mahal Volvo Volvo Mobil Aman Mobil Aman Mercedes Benz Mercedes Benz Mobil Impor Mahal Mobil Impor Mahal Rolls Royce Rolls Royce Mobil Milyuner Mobil Milyuner

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Table 11.2: Method for Competitive-Advantage Selection

(1)(1) (2)(2) (3)(3) (4)(4) (5)(5)

Competitive Competitive AdvantageAdvantage

Company Company StandingStanding

Competitor Competitor StandingStanding

Importance of Importance of Improving Improving StandingStanding

(H-M-L)*(H-M-L)*

Affordability Affordability and Speedand Speed

(H-M-L)(H-M-L)

TechnologyTechnology 88 88 LL LL

CostCost 66 88 HH MM

QualityQuality 88 66 LL LL

ServiceService 44 33 HH HH

H=high, M=medium, L=lowH=high, M=medium, L=low

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SYARATSYARAT PENTINGPENTING JELASJELAS UNGGULUNGGUL DAPAT DIKOMUNIKASIKANDAPAT DIKOMUNIKASIKAN MENDAHULUIMENDAHULUI TERJANGKAUTERJANGKAU MENGUNTUNGKANMENGUNTUNGKAN

Differentiation

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Table 11.3: Differentiation Variables

ProductProduct ServicesServices PersonnelPersonnel ChannelChannel ImageImage

FormForm Ordering Ordering easeease

CompetenceCompetence CoverageCoverage SymbolsSymbols

FeaturesFeatures DeliveryDelivery CourtesyCourtesy ExpertiseExpertise MediaMedia

PerformancePerformance InstallationInstallation CredibilityCredibility PerformancePerformance AtmosphereAtmosphere

ConformanceConformance Customer Customer trainingtraining

ReliabilityReliability EventsEvents

DurabilityDurability Customer Customer consultingconsulting

ResponsiveResponsivenessness

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Home page Peapod, the largest online grocerHome page Peapod, the largest online grocer

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HP’s online support pageHP’s online support page

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Table 11.4: Measuring Customer Effectiveness Value

Company CostCompany Cost Customer ValueCustomer Value Customer Customer Value/Customer Value/Customer

CostCost

FeatureFeature (a)(a) (b)(b) (c=b/a)(c=b/a)

Rear-window Rear-window defrostingdefrosting

$100$100 $200$200 22

Cruise controlCruise control 600600 600600 11

Automatic Automatic transmissiontransmission

800800 2,4002,400 33

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PRODUCT LIFE CYCLEPRODUCT LIFE CYCLE

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Product Life-Cycle Marketing Strategies

To say that a product has a life cycle asserts four thingsTo say that a product has a life cycle asserts four things

1.1. Products have a limited life.Products have a limited life.

2.2. Product sales pass through distance stages, each Product sales pass through distance stages, each posing different challenges, opportunities, and posing different challenges, opportunities, and problems to the seller.problems to the seller.

3.3. Profits rise and fall at different stages of the product Profits rise and fall at different stages of the product life cycle.life cycle.

4.4. Products require different marketing, financial, Products require different marketing, financial, manufacturing, purchasing, and human resource manufacturing, purchasing, and human resource strategies in each life-cycle stage.strategies in each life-cycle stage.

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Figure 11.3: Sales and Profit Life Cycles

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Figure 11.4: Cost Product Life-Cycle Patterns

Product Life-Cycle Marketing Strategies

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Product Life-Cycle Marketing Strategies

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LEGO GROUP’S “family entertainment” Web site.LEGO GROUP’S “family entertainment” Web site.

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ZOMBIE MARKETING(BRAND REVITALIZATION)

Teori umum penyebab matinya suatu merek Teori umum penyebab matinya suatu merek atau produk adalah ketidakmampuan merek atau produk adalah ketidakmampuan merek atau produk tersebut memuaskan kebutuhan atau produk tersebut memuaskan kebutuhan konsumennya.konsumennya.

ZM ZM Menghidupkan kembali merek yang Menghidupkan kembali merek yang mati dgn mengoptimalkan kemampuannyamati dgn mengoptimalkan kemampuannya

Green Sands, Puyer 16 Bintang Toedjoe, Green Sands, Puyer 16 Bintang Toedjoe, Sampoerna Hijau, Pagoda Pastilles. Sampoerna Hijau, Pagoda Pastilles.

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SEKIANSEKIAN