mac introduction

8/11/2019 MAC Introduction

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Microwave Active Circuit Design

Fan-Hsiu Huang

[email protected]


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Scope of Course

Active Devices(transistor &

diode)

Passive Components(transmission line

& lump LC)

Concept and Designof Microwave and Millimeter-wave

Circuits (non MIC or MMIC technology)

MicrowaveCommunication &

Applications

Microwave and Millimeter-waveSubsystem and System


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Textbook:

[1] K. Chang, RF and Microwave Circuit and Component Design forwireless systems , John Wiley & Sons, 2002.

[2] G. Gonzalez, "Microwave Transistor Amplifier Analysis and Design",

Prentice Hall, 1996.

Reference:

[1] David. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition,

John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004.[2] B. Razavi, RF Microelectronics , Prentice Hall, 1998[3] ," ", , 2001.



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Contents1. Introduction2. Passive components and transmission line3. Microwave transistor and diode

4. Low-noise amplifier and broadband amplifier5. Oscillator and phase noise6. RF mixer circuit7. RF switch circuit8. Power amplifier9. IC packaging technology and its concern10. Microwave related circuits and systems



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Prerequisites & Grading Policy Prerequisites:Electromagnetics I & II. Grading Policy: Homework: 20%(2 reports for paper review, 4 pages for each,choosing two topics as introduced in this course ) Midterm: 40% Final Project: 40%(Circuit design and presentation, choosing one ofthe papers you studied)



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Radio-Frequency Bands (1)


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Absorption by the atmosphere in clear weather


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Microwave Communication System (1)

RF transceiver including passive components(SAW filter, LC matching network) andactive circuits (switch, PA, LNA, mixer, VGA,

VCO, synthesizer )


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Analog RF system Digital RF system


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Channel access method used by various radio communication technologies.The methods allow multiple users simultaneous access to a transmission system. TDMA (Time division multiple access) FDMA (Frequency division multiple access) CDMA (Code division multiple access)


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/

802.11a 54Mbps 22Mbps 30 5 GHz

802.11b 11Mbps 5Mbps 40-50 2.4 GHz

802.11g 54Mbps 22Mbps 40-50 2.4 GHz

Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)

A wireless local area network (WLAN) linkstwo or more devices using some wirelessdistribution method (typically spread-spectrum orOFDM radio), and usually providing aconnection through an access point to the wider

internet. This gives users the mobility to movearound within a local coverage area and still beconnected to the network. Most modern WLANsare based on IEEE 802.11 standards, marketedunder the Wi-Fi brand name.


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Standard MultipleAccess

ReceiveFrequency

(MHz)

TransmitFrequency

(MHz)

ChannelSpacing

(kHz)

Mod.Scheme

Region

DAMPS(IS-54)

TDMA/FDMA 869-894 824-849 30 /4 DQPSK USA

GSM TDMA/FDMA 935-960 890-915 200 GMSK Europe

CDMA(IS-95)

CDMA/FDMA 869-894 824-849 1250 BPSK/QPSK USA

JDC TDMA/FDMA 940-9561447-14891501-1513

810-8261429-14411453-1465

25 /4 QPSK Japan

W-CDMA CDMA Emerging 40,000 M-PSK USA

ISM TDMA/CDMA/FDMA

902-928 902-928 10,000 BPSK USA

DCS-1800 TDMA/FDMA 1895-1907 1710-1785 200 GFSK UK

CT2 FDMA 864-868 864-868 100 GFSK EuropeAsia

DECT TDMA/FDMA 1800-1900 1800-1900 1728 GFSK Europe

PHS TDMA/FDMA 1895-1907 1895-1907 300 /4 DQPSK Japan

Digital Cellular and Cordless Phone Standards


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Specifications for 2G Communication

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications)

DCS (Distributed Control System)


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3G/3.5G/3.75G Distance(km)

Data rate(Mbps)

Band(GHz)

TX peak power(dBm)

CDMA2000WCDMATD-SCDMA

3~12 0.3~2 0.82~0.851.92~1.982.11~2.17

33/27/24/21

HSDPA 3~12 3.6/7.2/14.4 0.85/1.9/2.1 24

HSUPA 3~12 3.6/7.2/14.4 0.85/1.9/2.1 24

Specifications for 3G/4G Communication


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Specifications for 3G/4G Communication

4G Distance(km)

Data rate(Mbps)

Band(GHz)

TX peak power(dBm)

WiMAX 802.16e up to 50 10/30/70 2.3~2.73.4~3.7

5.8

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LTE 3 50/100 0.7~0.86 (FDD)1.5~2.1 (FDD)

2.3~2.6 (TDD)

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RF ICs and Modules (1)


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RF ICs and Modules (1)GaAs X-band PA SiGe PA for WiMAX

GaN 40 W Class-E PA

LDMOS PA for VHF band

SiC 10 W Class-AB PA


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System on Chip (SoC)


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Microwave/millimeter-wave Applications (1)

Microwave Oven Specification

AC Power: 120 Volts AC 60 Hz (13.3A)1500 Watts, Single phase, 3 wire groundedOutput Power: 1200 Watts full microwave

power (IEC60705)Frequency: 2450 MHzMagnetron: 2M246-050GFTimer: 0 ~ 99 min. 99 sec.


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THz differential absorption radarAustralian Radio Tele-scope usingan InP amplifier (100 GHz)

Microwave/millimeter-wave Applications (4)


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S-parameter (2)Limitations of lumped models At low frequencies most circuits behave in a predictablemanner and can be described by a group of replaceable, lumped-equivalent black

boxes. At microwave frequencies, as circuit element size approaches the wavelengths ofthe operating frequencies, such a simplified type of model becomes inaccurate. The

physical arrangements of the circuit components can no longer be treated as black boxes.We have to use a distributed circuit element model and s-parameters.


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S-parameter (3)


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S-parameter (4)


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S-parameter (5)


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Vector network analyzer (VNA ): The vector network analyzer, VNA is a more usefulform of RF network analyzer than the SNA as it is able to measure more parameters aboutthe device under test. Not only does it measure the amplitude response, but it also looks atthe phase as well. As a result vector network analyzer, VNA may also be called a gain-phasemeter or an Automatic Network Analyzer.

Network Analyzer (1)

DUT must be measured under a small input power (small-signal operation)

S11,S21

S11,S12 S22,S21

S22,S12


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Network Analyzer (2)Formats of S parameters

Smith chart

Polar

Log scale plot


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Network Analyzer (4)X-parameters are a unified way of describing nonlinear device-under-test (DUT) behavior: Harmonics Large signal input & output match Large signal isolation and transmission


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Network Analyzer (5)

Sum of the harmonics can transform the frequency-domainsignals into time-domain signals.

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