Dr. Merih KerestecioğluDr. Merih KerestecioğluBucharest Bucharest

September 2003September 2003

Causes of DegradationCauses of Degradation Domestic wastewater dischargesDomestic wastewater discharges Industrial wastewater dischargesIndustrial wastewater discharges Pollution carried with the riversPollution carried with the rivers Accidental oil spillsAccidental oil spills Accidental transportation of Accidental transportation of

exotic speciesexotic species Illegal dumping Illegal dumping

Sources of the Nutrient Sources of the Nutrient LoadsLoads

Domestic DischargesDomestic Discharges Industrial DischargesIndustrial Discharges Solid WastesSolid Wastes AgricultureAgriculture Atmospheric Carried PollutantsAtmospheric Carried Pollutants Run offRun off

PrerequisitesPrerequisites design regional - adapt local design regional - adapt local address different prioritiesaddress different priorities Be Be flexible to address to different target flexible to address to different target

populationspopulations be not lecturer dependentbe not lecturer dependent address to global issues as well as specific address to global issues as well as specific

problems of the countriesproblems of the countries attract the trainees on the title and attract the trainees on the title and contentcontent aim to change the S/K/A aim to change the S/K/A do not be too long do not be too long be financially feasiblebe financially feasible do not compete with the professional activities do not compete with the professional activities

of the target groupof the target group

Common Interest in the Common Interest in the RegionRegion

Awareness building Awareness building Sound fertilization techniquesSound fertilization techniques Organic farming Organic farming Sound livestock and manure Sound livestock and manure

managementmanagement

ConstraintsConstraints Different level of interests of the BS Different level of interests of the BS

CountriesCountries Subsidies on the fertilizer and waterSubsidies on the fertilizer and water Lack of cooperation between the Lack of cooperation between the

farmersfarmers Level of income of the farmersLevel of income of the farmers Lack of public awareness on Lack of public awareness on

environmentenvironment Different customs, regulations and Different customs, regulations and

agricultural activitiesagricultural activities Lack or failure of previous regional and Lack or failure of previous regional and

national initiativesnational initiatives BureaucracyBureaucracy

ProblemProblem AnalysisAnalysisEvaluationEvaluation

PopulationPopulation AnalysisAnalysis

JobJobAnalysisAnalysis

TaskTaskAnalysisAnalysisModuleModule

DesignDesign

TrainingTrainingToolsTools

Validation Validation & &

RevisionsRevisions

ImplementationImplementation

PlanninPlanningg

ProductioProductionn

EvaluatiEvaluationon

Train Sea Coast MethodologyTrain Sea Coast Methodology

ApproachApproach BackgroundBackground

Lessons learnedLessons learned ConceptConcept

Do not transfer knowledge for a certain level / Fill the gaps in Do not transfer knowledge for a certain level / Fill the gaps in S/K/LS/K/L

TeamTeamNot directed by thematic experts but CD’sNot directed by thematic experts but CD’s

GeographyGeographyNot local/regional or globalNot local/regional or global

MethodologyMethodologyTrain skills/teach knowledge/develop attitudesTrain skills/teach knowledge/develop attitudes

SkillsSkills

Intellectual skillsIntellectual skills– ClassifyingClassifying– DiscriminatingDiscriminating– Rule usingRule using– Problem solvingProblem solving

Physical skillsPhysical skills

What is the Problem?What is the Problem?

Nutrient Pollution in the Black Sea Nutrient Pollution in the Black Sea from Agricultural Activitiesfrom Agricultural Activities

Who should we train?Who should we train?

Farmers’ LeadersFarmers’ Leaders

What will be their What will be their duties and tasks?duties and tasks?

Duty 1. Review current information on Duty 1. Review current information on legal policy and international legal policy and international

arrangements arrangements Gather informationGather information

identify and review new laws on regulationsidentify and review new laws on regulationsidentify and review new productsidentify and review new productsidentify and review new technologiesidentify and review new technologiesidentify existing policy instrumentsidentify existing policy instruments

Interpret policy developments for different stakeholdersInterpret policy developments for different stakeholdersdetermine common ground applicable to all the determine common ground applicable to all the stakeholdersstakeholdersidentify the impact of new policies, legislation relevant to identify the impact of new policies, legislation relevant to the farming communitythe farming communityadopt policy requirements into daily practiceadopt policy requirements into daily practice

Identify roles and responsibilities of relevant Identify roles and responsibilities of relevant stakeholdersstakeholders

ddraw an institutional mapraw an institutional mapidentify linkages between government and non-identify linkages between government and non-governmental stakeholders governmental stakeholders diagnose weaknesses in current institutional arrangementsdiagnose weaknesses in current institutional arrangements

Duty 2. Analyze farmers’ concernsDuty 2. Analyze farmers’ concerns Identify and evaluate farmers’ inputs as regard to Identify and evaluate farmers’ inputs as regard to environmentally friendly agricultural practicesenvironmentally friendly agricultural practices

Gather information Gather information Estimate and evaluate the future inputsEstimate and evaluate the future inputsEvaluate +/- for those inputsEvaluate +/- for those inputs

Identify the accessibility to information and expertise Identify the accessibility to information and expertise investigate the sources of informationinvestigate the sources of informationDetermine difficulties farmers facing in accessing themDetermine difficulties farmers facing in accessing themlearn the inaccessible sourceslearn the inaccessible sourcesinvestigate non-known sourcesinvestigate non-known sourcesanalyze the reason for being non-known analyze the reason for being non-known

Identify the market conditions and economical status of the Identify the market conditions and economical status of the farmersfarmers

learn economical problems of farmerslearn economical problems of farmersanalyze inputs of market forces for farmers in the futureanalyze inputs of market forces for farmers in the futureAnalize Analize + and – changes in farmers economy because of the new + and – changes in farmers economy because of the new practicespractices

Determine the level of environmental awarenessDetermine the level of environmental awarenessdetermine environmental concerns related to agricultural determine environmental concerns related to agricultural activitiesactivities,,determine the degree of environmental awarenessdetermine the degree of environmental awarenesscheck the farmers reaction to changing the environmental check the farmers reaction to changing the environmental practices in favor of environmentpractices in favor of environment

Duty 3. Learn environmentally friendly Duty 3. Learn environmentally friendly agricultural techniques to farmersagricultural techniques to farmers Learn the techniques of sustainable agricultureLearn the techniques of sustainable agriculture

assessment of soil conditionassessment of soil conditionPlant growth managementPlant growth managementIrrigationIrrigationFertilizationFertilizationPest management Pest management

Learn techniques for organic farmingLearn techniques for organic farmingassessment of soil conditionsassessment of soil conditionsplant growth management for organic farmingplant growth management for organic farmingIrrigationIrrigationapplication of biological agents for fertilization and pest managementapplication of biological agents for fertilization and pest managementcertification schemescertification schemes

Learn the techniques for arable/livestock farming and manure Learn the techniques for arable/livestock farming and manure managementmanagement

animal husbandry techniquesanimal husbandry techniquessafe storage of manuresafe storage of manureproper manure applicationproper manure applicationalternative sustainable uses of manure alternative sustainable uses of manure safe disposalsafe disposal

Learn techniques for farming in sensitive areasLearn techniques for farming in sensitive areaslocation and characteristicslocation and characteristicsdevelop sustainable solutions to prevent nutrient pollutiondevelop sustainable solutions to prevent nutrient pollution

Learn techniques to control erosion and run-off/drainageLearn techniques to control erosion and run-off/drainageinterrelations between the environment and topography, geology, and interrelations between the environment and topography, geology, and meteorologymeteorologyerosion prevention measureserosion prevention measuresflood control measuresflood control measures

Duty 4. Evaluate the impact of the Duty 4. Evaluate the impact of the advisory services advisory services

Obtain farmers’ feedbackObtain farmers’ feedbackIdentify most suitable method and mechanisms for Identify most suitable method and mechanisms for feedback collection from menu providedfeedback collection from menu providedImplement the feedback methodImplement the feedback method

Keep recordsKeep recordsrecord advisory processrecord advisory processkeep media records on activity keep media records on activity

Report case studiesReport case studiesselect the best and worst case experience each yearselect the best and worst case experience each yearreport the casereport the case

Report on resultsReport on resultsmake a summary reportmake a summary reportreportreport

How to train them?How to train them?

MODULE 1: ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS MODULE 1: ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS IN AGRICULTURAL PRACTICESIN AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES

Basic concepts of environmental pollutionBasic concepts of environmental pollutionImpact of nutrients on environmentImpact of nutrients on environmentState of Black Sea in terms of nutrient State of Black Sea in terms of nutrient pollutionpollutionHistory of past and ongoing efforts for History of past and ongoing efforts for pollution abatement in the Black Sea Basinpollution abatement in the Black Sea BasinPolicy changes and legislative developments Policy changes and legislative developments that will impact the farmer’s community that will impact the farmer’s community Nutrient pollution from agricultureNutrient pollution from agricultureOverview of environmentally friendly Overview of environmentally friendly agricultural practicesagricultural practicesHistory of the TRAIN-SEA-COAST ProgrammeHistory of the TRAIN-SEA-COAST ProgrammeCourse’s purpose, objectives, methodology Course’s purpose, objectives, methodology and structure.and structure.

MODULE 2: LEGAL, POLICY AND MODULE 2: LEGAL, POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTSINSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

Importance of gathering relevant information on Importance of gathering relevant information on key agricultural legal, policy and institutional key agricultural legal, policy and institutional issues in the Black Sea basin on a continuous basis issues in the Black Sea basin on a continuous basis Regional and national policy frameworksRegional and national policy frameworksNational institutional and legal frameworkNational institutional and legal frameworkIntegration of new policy requirements into daily Integration of new policy requirements into daily practicepracticeAbility to draw an institutional map and identify Ability to draw an institutional map and identify key linkages between governmental and non-key linkages between governmental and non-governmental stakeholdersgovernmental stakeholdersImportance of conflicts and/or interests among Importance of conflicts and/or interests among stakeholdersstakeholdersWeaknesses in current institutional arrangements Weaknesses in current institutional arrangements

MODULE 3: FARMER’S CONCERNSMODULE 3: FARMER’S CONCERNS

Farmers’ inputs to environmental friendly Farmers’ inputs to environmental friendly agricultural practicesagricultural practicesCurrent market conditions and economical status of Current market conditions and economical status of the farmersthe farmersInput of market forces (and impacts ) for farmers in Input of market forces (and impacts ) for farmers in the future due to the introduction of new farming the future due to the introduction of new farming practicespracticesCurrent level of environmental awareness among the Current level of environmental awareness among the farmer community farmer community Farmer’s concerns and attitudes regarding changing Farmer’s concerns and attitudes regarding changing farming practices towards the protection of the farming practices towards the protection of the environmentenvironmentNeed to advice farmers on the availability of Need to advice farmers on the availability of information and expertise information and expertise Current impediments for the acquisition of data and Current impediments for the acquisition of data and information information

MODULE 4: ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY MODULE 4: ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY AGRICULTURAL TECHNIQUESAGRICULTURAL TECHNIQUES

Techniques of sustainable agricultureTechniques of sustainable agricultureTechniques for organic farmingTechniques for organic farmingTechniques for livestock farming and Techniques for livestock farming and manure managementmanure managementTechniques for farming in sensitive Techniques for farming in sensitive areaareaTechniques to control erosion and run-Techniques to control erosion and run-off drainageoff drainage

MODULE 5: ADVICE, DEVELOP MODULE 5: ADVICE, DEVELOP LEADERSHİP AND COMMUNICATIONLEADERSHİP AND COMMUNICATION

To be imported from TSC-To be imported from TSC-Philippines and adapted for the Philippines and adapted for the BS BS RegionRegion

MODULE 6: EVALUATION OF THE MODULE 6: EVALUATION OF THE ADVISORY SERVICES ADVISORY SERVICES

Importance of on-going communication Importance of on-going communication with the farmerswith the farmersMost suitable mechanisms for feedback Most suitable mechanisms for feedback collectioncollectionImportance of keeping recordsImportance of keeping recordsExtraction of abreast of success and Extraction of abreast of success and failures in the locality/region failures in the locality/region Preparation of reports Preparation of reports

Thanks for listening Thanks for listening

Have a clean Black SeaHave a clean Black Sea