machine drawing book intro by nd bhatt

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MACHINE DRAWING

ByN. D. Bhatt, V. M. Panchal

` 140.00

1 : PRINCIPLES OF PROJECTION 2 : SHEET LAYOUT AND SKETCHING3 : LINES, LETTERING AND DIMENSIONING4 : CONVERSION OF PICTORIAL VIEWS INTO ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS5 : SECTIONAL VIEWS6 : ORTHOGRAPHIC READING OR INTERPRETATION OF VIEWS7 : SCREW THREADS8 : SCREWED FASTENINGS9 : KEYS, COTTER-JOINTS, PIN-JOINTS10 : PIPE JOINTS11 : VALVES12 : RIVETED JOINTS AND WELDED JOINTS13 : SHAFT BEARINGS, BRACKETS AND HANGERS14 : SHAFT COUPLINGS, CLUTCHES AND BRAKES15 : PULLEYS16 : SPUR GEARING17 : ENGINE PARTS18 : ELEMENTS OF PRODUCTION DRAWING19 : ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS20 : ELEMENTS OF COMPUTER-AIDED DRAFTING INDEx

[ IN FIRST-ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD ]

This text-book follows(i) the metric system of length measurement and(ii) first-angle method of orthographic projection.

However, the third-angle projection method has not been completely ignored.

It describes in an easy-to-follow style and with application of the principles of orthographic projection, forms, proportions and uses of simple machine, engine and boiler parts. Chapters on elements of production drawings, assembly drawings and elements of computer aided drafting (CADr) are also given.

The techniques of freehand sketching, dimensioning, conversion of pictorial views, sectional views and interpretation of views are treated in clear and simple manner. Most of the orthographic views are accompanied by the pictorial views of the objects to enable the students to visualize the shapes easily.

The book covers the syllabi of Machine Drawing to meet the requirements of Engineering Degree students of all the Indian Universities as well as Diploma courses in various branches of Engineering conducted by the Department of Technical Education, for I.T.I. students and also to the candidates reading for the A.M.I.E., U.P.S.C., IES and other similar Examination.

Edition : 48th Edition : 2013ISBN : 978-93-80358-69-7Size : 170 mm 240 mmBinding : Paperback with Four color Jacket CoverPages : 352 + 16

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Chapter 1 PRINCIPlEs of PRojECtIoN1-0 Engineering drawing1-1. Principle of projection1-2. Methods of projection1-3. Orthographic projection1-3-1. First-angle projection1-3-2. Third-angle projection B.I.S. code of practice Symbols for methods of projection Combination of two methods1-4. Isometric projection1-5. Oblique projection1-6. Perspective projection Exercises I

Chapter 2 sHEEt lAYoUt AND sKEtCHING2-1. Sheet layout Sheet sizes Margin Border lines Borders and frames Orientation mark Grid reference system Title block List of parts or the bill of materials Revisions of drawing Folding marks Scales and scale drawing2-2. Types of machine drawings (i) Production drawing (ii) Exploded assembly drawing (iii) Schematic assembly drawing (iv) Drawing for instruction manual (v) Drawing for installation (vi) Drawing for catalogue (vii) Tabular drawing (viii) Patent drawing2-3. Sketching Sketching materials To sketch straight lines To sketch circles and arcs Sketching procedure Exercises II

Chapter 3 lINEs, lEttERING AND DIMENsIoNING3-0. Introduction3-1. Lines Line thickness Inked drawings Pencil drawings Types of Lines Outlines Margin lines Dimension lines Extension or projection lines Construction lines Hatching or section lines Leader or pointer lines Border lines Short-break lines Long-break lines Hidden or dotted lines Centre lines Cutting-plane lines Chain thick Chain thick double-dashed

3-2. Lettering (IS: 9609-1990) I. Single-stroke letters II. Gothic letters3-3. Dimensioning Types of dimensions3-4. Dimensioning terms and notations Dimension line Extension line Arrowhead Leader3-5. Placing of dimensions (i) Aligned system (ii) Unidirectional system3-6. Unit of dimensioning3-7. General rules for dimensioning3-8. Practical hints on dimensioning (a) Continuous or chain dimensioning (b) Progressive or parallel dimensioning Exercises III

Chapter 4 CoNVERsIoN of PICtoRIAl VIEWs INto oRtHoGRAPHIC VIEWs

4-0. Introduction (i) First-angle projection method (ii) Third-angle projection method4-1. Orthographic projection4-2. Procedure for preparing a scale-drawing4-3. Illustrative problems Exercises IV Solutions to exercises IV

Chapter 5 sECtIoNAl VIEWs5-0. Introduction5-1. Cutting-plane line5-2. Types of sectional views5-2-1. Full section5-2-2. Half section5-2-3. Partial or broken section5-2-4. Revolved section5-2-5. Removed section5-2-6. Offset section5-3. Sectioning conventions5-4. Hatching or section lines5-5. Conventions of section lines Illustrative problems Exercises V Solutions to exercises V

Chapter 6 oRtHoGRAPHIC READING oR INtERPREtAtIoN of VIEWs

6-0. Introduction6-1. Reading of orthographic views (Blue-print reading)6-2. Missing lines and missing views6-3. Identification of planes Exercises VI Solutions to exercises VI

Chapter 7 sCREW tHREADs7-0. Introduction7-1. Definitions Crest Root Flank Angle Depth Nominal diameter

MACHINE DRAWINGDEtAIlED CoNtENts


Outside or major diameter Core or minor diameter Effective diameter Pitch Lead Slope7-2. Forms of screw threads7-2-1. Triangular or V threads (a) Unified thread (b) Metric thread (c) Whitworth thread (d) British Standard Fine and British Standard Pipe threads (e) Sellers thread (f) British Association thread7-2-2. Square thread (a) Acme thread IS: 7008-1988 (b) Knuckle thread (c) Buttress thread7-3. Conventional representation of threads SP: 46-1988 (a) External threads (b) Internal threads (a) External V thread (b) Internal V thread (c) External square thread (d) Internal square thread7-4. Multiple-start threads7-5. Right-hand and left-hand threads Exercises VII

Chapter 8 sCREWED fAstENINGs8-0. Introduction8-1. Types of nuts8-1-1. Hexagonal nut8-1-2. Square nut8-2. Types of nuts for special purpose Flanged nut Cap nut Dome nut Cylindrical or capstan nut Ring nut Wing nut8-3. Washers8-4. Types of bolts8-5. Forms of bolts Hexagonal-headed bolt8-6. Methods of preventing rotation of a bolt while screwing a nut

on or off it Square-headed bolt Cylindrical or cheese-headed bolt Cup-headed or round-headed bolt T-headed bolt Countersunk-headed bolt Hook bolt Headless tapered bolt Eye-bolt Lifting eye-bolt Tap-bolt or cap-screw Stud-bolt or stud8-7. Set-screws8-8. Locking arrangements for nuts (i) Lock-nut or check-nut (ii) Split-pin (iii) Slotted nut

(iv) Castle nut (v) Sawn nut or Wiles nut (vi) Simmonds lock-nut (vii) Penn, ring or grooved nut (viii) Stop-plate or locking-plate (ix) Spring-washer8-9. Foundation bolts (i) Eye foundation bolt (ii) Rag bolt (iii) Lewis bolt (iv) Cotter bolt8-10. Spanner8-11. Longitudinal or bar stay Exercises VIII

Chapter 9 KEYs, CottER-joINts, PIN-joINts9-0. Introduction9-1. Keys joints (i) Taper keys Sunk taper key Saddle keys Round key or pin key Taper pin Gib-head (ii) Parallel or feather keys Spline shafts Woodruff key Cone keys Staking-on9-2. Cotter and cotter joints (i) Socket and spigot joint (ii) Sleeve joint (iii) Strap joint9-3. Pin-joint or Knuckle joint Exercises IX

Chapter 10 PIPE joINts10-0. Introduction10-1. Cast-iron pipes10-1-1. Cast-iron flanged joint10-1-2. Socket and spigot joint10-1-3. Hydraulic joint10-2. Wrought-iron and steel pipes10-3. Copper pipes10-3-1. Union joint10-4. Lead pipes10-5. Expansion joints10-6. Piping drawings Exercises X

Chapter 11 VAlVEs11-0. Introduction11-1. Types of valves11-1-1. Flap valve, India-rubber disc valve11-1-2. Ball valve11-1-3. Metal disc valve11-1-4. Stop valves11-1-5. Feed-check valve11-2. Safety valves11-2-1. Spring-loaded safety valves11-2-2. Lever safety valve11-2-3. Dead-weight safety valve11-3. Blow-off cock Exercises XI



Chapter 12 RIVEtED joINts AND WElDED joINts12-0. Introduction12-1. Riveting12-1-1. Caulking and fullering12-2. Forms and proportions of rivet-heads12-3. Failure of riveted joints12-4. Dimensions of a riveted joint12-5. Types of riveted joints12-5-1. Lap joint12-5-2. Butt joint12-6. Rolled-steel sections12-6-1. Connection of plates at right angles12-6-2. Gusset stay12-7. Welded joints12-7-1. Welding12-7-2. Types of welding process (i) Pressure welding or forge welding (ii) Fusion welding (iii) Fusion and pressure welding Types of welded joints Types of welds12-7-3. Representation of welded joints Exercises XII

Chapter 13 sHAft bEARINGs, bRACKEts AND HANGERs13-0. Introduction (i) A journal bearing (ii) A pivot bearing (iii) A collar or thrust bearing13-1. Journal bearings13-1-1. Solid bearing13-1-2. Bushed bearing13-1-3. Pedestal bearing or plummer block13-1-4. Methods of preventing rotation of brasses in a bearing13-2. Pivot bearing13-2-1. Foot-step bearing13-3. Wall brackets13-4. Hangers13-5. Wall-plates13-6. Wall-box Exercises XIII

Chapter 14 sHAft CoUPlINGs, ClUtCHEs AND bRAKEs14-0. Introduction14-1. Fast or rigid couplings14-1-1. Box or muff coupling14-1-2. Half-lap coupling14-1-3. Split-muff coupling14-2. Flanged coupling14-2-1. Protected type flange-coupling14-2-2. Solid flanged coupling14-3. Flexible couplings14-3-1. Universal coupling or Hooks joint14-3-2. Oldhams coupling14-3-3. Gear coupling14-4. Loose or disengaging couplings or clutches14-4-1. Claw coupling or clutch14-4-2. Conical friction coupling or cone friction clutch14-4-3. Single plate clutch14-5. Brakes Exercises XIV

Chapter 15 PUllEYs15-0. Introduction15-1. Types of Pulleys15-2. C. I. belt pulleys

15-3. Fast and loose pulleys15-4. Speed cones or stepped pulleys15-5. Split pulleys15-6. Built-up pulleys15-7. Rope pulleys15-8. V-belt pulleys Exercises XV

Chapter 16 sPUR GEARING16-0. Introduction16-1. Spur gear definitions Pitch16-1-1. Relationship between the pitches16-1-2. Tooth proportions16-1-3. Involute spur gears16-1-4. Construction of base circles16-1-5. Approximate construction of teeth profile (1) For gears of 30 teeth and over (2) For gears of less than 30 teeth Gears in mesh16-2. Rack and pinion16-3. Cycloidal tooth profile Exercises XVI

Chapter 17 ENGINE PARts17-0. Introduction17-1. Steam engine17-1-1. Cylinder cover17-1-2. Pistons17-1-3. Stuffing boxes17-1-4. Cross-heads17-1-5. Connecting rods (i) Big end (ii) Small end17-1-6. Cranks (i) Overhung crank (ii) Disc crank17-1-7. Eccentrics17-1-8. Slide valves Internal Combustion Engine17-2. An I. C. engine17-2-1. Piston17-2-2. Connecting rod17-2-3. Crankshaft (i) Forged crankshaft (ii) Built-up crank Exercises XVII

Chapter 18 ElEMENts of PRoDUCtIoN DRAWING18-0. Introduction18-1. Geometrical tolerances18-2. Types of geometrical tolerances I. Form tolerances II. Position tolerances18-2-1. Terminology for geometrical deviations (i) Tolerance of straightness (ii) Tolerance of flatness (iii) Barrel form, bow form and curvature of axes (iv) Taper (v) Oval form and lobed form (vi) Radial run out and axial run out (vii) Misalignment (viii) Incorrect location of intersecting axes (ix) Non-perpendicular surfaces (x) Datum



18-3. Representation of geometrical tolerance on a drawing18-4. Dimensional tolerances18-4-1. Terminology for dimensional tolerances (i) Basic dimension (ii) Upper deviation (iii) Lower deviation (iv) Tolerance zone (v) Actual size (vi) Zero line (vii) Unilateral limits (viii) Bilateral limits (ix) Maximum material condition (x) Allowance (xi) Mating surfaces and mating dimensions (xii) Basic shaft (xiii) Basic hole18-4-2. Selection of tolerances18-4-3. Representation of dimensional tolerances (i) Letter symbol (ii) Number or grade method18-4-4. Representation of dimensional tolerances on drawings18-5. Fits (i) Clearance fit (ii) Interference fit (iii) Transition fit (iv) Sliding fit18-5-1. Hole basis and shaft basis system (i) Hole basis system (ii) Shaft basis system18-5-2. Representation of holes, shafts and fits18-6. Surface-roughness18-6-1. Terminology for surface roughness (i) Ideal surface (ii) Roughness (iii) Waviness (iv) Lay18-7. Representation of surface-roughness on drawings Exercises XVIII

Chapter 19 AssEMblY DRAWINGs19-0. Introduction19-1. Types of assembly drawings (i) Designed assembly (ii) Layout assembly (iii) Installation assembly (iv) Working drawing assembly (v) General assembly19-2. Accepted norms to be observed for assembly drawings (i) Selection of views (ii) Sectioning (iii) Dotted lines (iv) Dimensions (v) Bill of materials19-3. Sequences of preparing the assembly drawing Illustrative problems Exercises XIX

Chapter 20 ElEMENts of CoMPUtER-AIDED DRAftING20-0. Introduction20-1. Computer Aided Drafting20-2. Computer20-2-1. Processor20-2-2. Display20-2-3. INPUT Devices (a) Keyboard (b) Mouse (c) Tablet or Digitizer20-2-4. Graphic Output Devices (a) Dot Matrix Printers (DMP) and Laser Printers (b) Pen Plotters (c) Ink-Jet printers/plotters20-3. CAD Software (1) Modelling and Drafting (2) Ease of use (3) Flexibility (4) Modularity (5) Low maintenance cost20-4. AutoCAD20-4-1. Drawing Entities (1) Line (2) Circle (3) Arc (4) Trace (5) Pline (6) Donut (7) Polygon (8) Ellipse (9) Solid20-4-2. Drafting Aids (1) Layer (2) Blocks (3) Dimensioning (4) Object Snap (5) Hatch patterns (6) Zoom (7) Text20-4-3. Editing of a Drawing (1) Move (11) Change (2) Rotate (12) Extend (3) Copy (13) Offset (4) Mirror (14) Stretch (5) Array (15) Trim (6) Erase (16) Scale (7) Oops (17) Pedit (8) Break (18) Explode (9) Fillet (19) Undo (10) Chamfer20-5. Symbol Library20-6. Three Dimensional Modelling Illustrative problem Exercises XX

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machine drawing book intro by nd bhatt

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