machine vision based to control

8/17/2019 Machine Vision Based to Control

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Machine vision based to control appliances

School of Electrical Engineering, University of Faisalabad. Page 2

The University Of aisalabad

MACHINE VISION BASED TO CONTROL

APPLIANCES

Group Leader: M. Nauman Khan

Group Members:

M. Nauman Khan BEE-FA13-027

M. Umar Azmat BEE-FA13-020

M. Kashif Azeem BEE-FA13-043

Arbab Aslam BEE-FA12-001

M. Usman Haider BEE-FA13-112

M. Hamza Kaleem BEE.FA13-046

Usama Bin Zahid BEE-FA13-064

M. Tayyab Shafiq BEE-FA13-105

M. Abuzar Anwar BEE-FA13-025

Ali Hassan BEE-FA13-021

Amanullah Cheema BEE-FA12-096


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We bow our head before Allah Almighty, the Omnipotent, the Merciful, the most

Beneficent, the Answerer to the prayers and the sovereign whose blessings and

exaltations flourished our thoughts, enlightened our heart, thrived our ambitions and

enabled us to contribute sincerely to the sacred wealth of knowledge. Our all praise for

the greatest reformer of the world, Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH), whose name enlightens

our heart and who is forever a tower of knowledge and guidance of humanity.

We feel honored to express our profound sense of gratitude to our supervisor Engr.

Awais Ahmed Cheema (Assistant Professor, School of Electrical Engineering,

University of Faisalabad) for his kind supervision, affectionate behavior and marvelous

guidance throughout the research work. His invaluable help of constructive comments

and suggestions throughout the proteus work have contributed to the success of this

research. We owe our deepest gratitude to him for his much concern, sincere advice,

unforgettable guidance, and kind behavior. We are very grateful to him for his moral

support, nice cooperation, encouragement and technical knowledge regarding this topic

which helped us a lot in this research work.

No acknowledgement would ever adequately express our obligation to our Parents for

their indispensable and indivisible love that remained assisted and encouraged us. Their

affection, motivation, sacrifices and endless prayers serve as a tonic for us. Thanks to

Allah for bestowing us with true and loving Friends who encouraged and pacified us

during tough hours of research.

Arbab Aslam.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTERS PAGE

ACKNOWLEDGEME NTS ………………………………………………... 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………. . 4

ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………...... 5

INTRODUCTION .………….…………...……………………………....... 6

METHODOLOGY …………….………………………………………...... 7

EXPERIMENTAL WORK ………………….……………………………. 8

Motion Sensor …………………………………………...……….. 8

MikroC PIC Programming Tool …………..……………………... 11

Creating Project In MikroC……..………………………………. 11

Complition ………………………………………………………. 12

Software…………………………………………………………... 12

Labscenter Proteus 8.0……………..…………………………... 13

Coding of PIC16F877A Using MikroC ……………………...... 19

PIR Sensor Equivalent Circuit Diagram in Proteus ………….. 22

Temperature Sensor …………………………………………… .. 24

IC (pic16F877A) ………………………………………………… 24

RESULT AND PROGRAMMING-CHARTS………………………….. 25

CONNCLUSION ……………………………………………………….. 29

REFERENCES ………………………………………………………….. 30


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ABSTRACTS:

We proposed to design an Auto-motion temperature varying Sensor. This Auto-motion

Sensor is the interconnection of electrical devices in a household together to perform afunction without human intervention. Auto-motion is a device that detects moving

objects, particularly people. A motion detector is often integrated as a component of a

system that automatically performs a task or alerts a user of motion in an area. Motion

detectors form a vital component of security, automated lighting control, home control,

energy efficiency, and other useful systems. In this work, we design and implement a

device that would detect the presence’s movement. If the person entered the room and

switch on or off the Fan and other equipment like heater, and check the temperature

condition is true or false in a certain temperature which we desire in the room, if a

presence’s movement is detected.


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MACHINE VISION BASED TO CONTROL

APPLIANCES

I. INTRODUCTION:

By saving Electrical energy will directly reflected to saving money so it is very necessary

to under stood ghost unit or amount which we are paying without using the appliances

and without the energy namely electricity no nation can survive. In this industrial world it

becomes as oxygen.

The main epitome of the scrutiny is to espy the adoption and reception of energy saving

campaign initiated by PEPCO. [1]

Temperature is the most often-measured environmental quantity. This might be expected

since most physical, electronic, chemical, mechanical, and biological systems are

affected by temperature. Certain chemical reactions, biological processes, and even

electronic circuits perform best within limited temperature ranges and measurement of

temperature is critical in modern electronic devices, especially expensive laptop

computers and other portable devices with densely packed circuits which dissipate

considerable power in the form of heat. Knowledge of system temperature can also be

used to control battery charging as well as prevent damage to expensive microprocessors

[2].

Infrared waves are not visible to the human eye. In the electromagnetic spectrum,

infrared radiation can be found between the visible and microwave regions and the

Human motion detection, in which we are interested in recognizing humans based solely

on the characteristic patterns of motion that they exhibit.

This approach gives a direct way for human detection, such as those that recognize

humans based on shape, color, texture, or surface features[3]

.


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The Auto-motion sensor is the interconnection of electrical devices to switching and

occupancy information was then used to identify potential energy savings gained with a

sensor-controlled system[4]

.

II. METHODOLOGY:

In simplest term, the control is defined as the starting, stopping or regulation of heating,

ventilating, and air conditioning system. Controlling an HVAC system involves three

distinct steps:

1) Measure a variable and collect data

2) Process the data with other information

3) Cause a control action

The above three functions are met through sensor, controller and the controlled device.

HVAC control system, from the simplest room thermostat to the most complicated

computerized control, has four basic elements: sensor, controller, controlled device and

source of energy.

1)

Sensor measures actual value of controlled variable such as temperature, humidity

or flow and provides information to the controller.

2) Controller receives input from sensor, processes the input and then produces

intelligent output signal for controlled device.

3) Controlled device acts to modify controlled variable as directed by controller.

4) Source of energy is needed to power the control system. Control systems use

either a pneumatic or electric power supply.[5]

In this paper, the design of an automatic control of AC and Electric Heater using motion

sensor and temperature sensor as the automatic control branches of this project.

First of all, when motion sensor sense the motion of any presence then it will deliver the

current to the temperature sensor. The temperature sensor then sense the temperature of


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the room in which it is installed and then turn on or off the AC and Electric heater

according to the present temperature sensed.

The method at which our required output is on or off is controlled by the IC

(pic16F877A).

The circuit strategy for this system is shown in figure1.

Figure1: Design Strategy.

III. EXPERIMENTAL WORK:

It is clear from figure1 that this design is consisted of some main branches including

Motion Sensor, Temperature Sensor and most important part of this circuit is Micro-

controller that controls the input signal reference to control the output.

Motion sensor:

Nowadays, house security system becomes the best solution to overcome

house intrusion problem when user is not in house. As we know, there are


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many types of house security system which is too expensive and difficult to use. For that

reason, an effective house security system at low cost is built where user can also

program the security system by their own. This project is focusing on developing a house

security system with an active infrared motion detector which is controlled by

microcontroller Intel 8051. The overall project is divided into two parts. The

first part is concern on the hardware development where all electronics

component are connected via the circuit design using wrapping technique. An

active infrared, the magnetic sensor, and keypad are the input components while

buzzer, indicator, and LCD display are the output components where it’s all controlled

by controller circuit.

The second part is based on software programming to operate the hardware structure.

Program for security system based on microcontroller Intel 8051 assembly language is

assemble using ASM51 assembler to get the binary file thus, to load into external

memory of the hardware structure via serial communication.

Sensors measure the controlled medium and provide a controller with information

concerning changing conditions in an accurate and repeatable manner. The common

HVAC variables are temperature, pressure, flow rate and relative humidity. The siting of

sensors is critical to achieve good control. In sensing space conditions, the sensing device

must not be in the path of direct solar radiation or be located on a surface which would

give a false reading such as a poorly insulated external wall. In pipe-work or ductwork,

sensors must be arranged so that the active part of the device is immersed fully in the

fluid and that the position senses the average condition. Sometimes averaging devices are

used to give an average reading of measured variable for example in large spaces having

number of sensors, an averaging signal is important for the controller.

The PIR sensor itself has two slots in it, each slot is made of a special material that is

sensitive to IR. The lens used here is not really doing much and so we see that the two

slots can 'see' out past some distance (basically the sensitivity of the sensor). When the

sensor is idle, both slots detect the same amount of IR, the ambient amount radiated from

the room or walls or outdoors, when a warm body like a human or animal passes by, it

first intercepts one half of the PIR sensor, which causes a positive differential change

between the two halves. When the warm body leaves the sensing area, the reverse


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happens, whereby the sensor generates a negative differential change. These change

pulses are what is detected.

The motion sensor in this circuitry is used to sense the presence of any living body in its

bound ranged. This motion sensor is also known as the PIR (passive infrared rays)

sensor.

Now install the PIR module hanging from a 3 meter height mast (to cover 10 meter

radius area) and connect its supply and relay terminals to our finished and enclosed

circuit, and output side of relay light indicated the Microcontroller and Temperature

Sensor.

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 2: Circuit Diagram.


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MikroC PIC Programming Tool:

MikroC is a powerful, feature rich development

tool for PIC microcontrollers. It is designed to provide the customer with the easiest

possible solution for developing application for embedded system, without

compromising performance or control.

PIC is the most popular 8-bit chip in the world, used in a wide variety of application, and

C, prized for its efficiency, is the natural choice for developing embedded systems.

MikroC provides a successful match featuring highly advanced IDE,ANCI compliant

compiler, broad set of hardware libraries, comprehensive documentation, and plenty of

ready-to run examples.

Creating Project In MikroC:

A step by step approach

1. Creating new project:

Figure 3: Creating new project.


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Labscenter Proteus 8.0:

The Proteus Design Suite is wholly unique in offering the ability to co-simulate both high

and low level micro-controller code in the context of a mixed-mode SPICE circuit

simulation. With this Virtual System Modeling facility, you can transform your product

design cycle, reaping huge rewards in terms of reduced time to market and lower costs of

development.

If one person designs both the hardware and the software then that person benefits as the

hardware design may be changed just as easily as the software design. In larger

organizations where the two roles are separated, the software designers can begin work as

soon as the schematic is completed; there is no need for them to wait until a physical

prototype exists.

Proteus Virtual System Modeling (VSM) combines mixed mode SPICE circuit simulation,

animated components and microprocessor models to facilitate co-simulation of complete

microcontroller based designs. For the first time ever, it is possible to develop and test such

designs before a physical prototype is constructed. This is possible because you can interact

with the design using on screen indicators such as LED and LCD displays and actuators

such as switches and buttons. Proteus VSM also provides extensive debugging facilities

including breakpoints, single stepping and variable display for both assembly code and

high level language source.


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Figure 1: Proteus.

Steps for circuit simulation:

1.Overview:

Start the program by click the ISIS Professional icon in Start Menu.


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Figure 2: Overview.

2. Circuit Construction & Assembly: Prior to circuit construction, user must first identify the necessary components required in the

circuit. For our Project the required components are:

i.

PIC16F877A

ii. LED

iii. Resistor

iv. Relay

v. Power Supply Terminals / Grounding.

vi. Virtual Terminal

vii. COMPIM

a. Selecting Components in Proteus:To select any component, we click the button labeled “PICK” on the left toolbar of

Proteus VSM. The devices can then be searched and selected by giving the appropriate

name in the search box.


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Figure 3: Selecting Components.

b. Component parameter setting: After selecting the component from the library, we can define the various parameters of

the devices by right clicking on the device and selecting “EDIT PROPERTIES”. The

various default device parameters can be changed and new parameters can be defined in

the “other properties” section.


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Figure 4: Component parameter setting.

c. PIC16F877A parameter setting: The PIC16F877A property panel can be similarly obtained by right clicking the PIC and

selecting “Edit Component”. The PIC parameters like Oscillator frequency, program

configuration word and other properties should be appropriately supplied. The programcode in hex file should be loaded in the program file section.

The programming file in .hex file which is written in mikroC for our desired function is

loaded in the program file section.


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Coding of PIC16F877A Using MikroC:

// LCD module connectionssbit LCD_RS at RB0_bit; // rs connection at rb0

sbit LCD_EN at RB1_bit; // en connection at rb1

sbit LCD_D4 at RB2_bit; // d4 connection at rb2




sbit LCD_RS_Direction at TRISB0_bit; // data direction setting

sbit LCD_EN_Direction at TRISB1_bit; // data direction setting

sbit LCD_D4_Direction at TRISB2_bit; // data direction setting




// End LCD module connections

float volt,temp;

//int temp;

unsigned char volt_char[15];

void init()

{

lcd_init() ;

lcd_cmd(_lcd_clear);

lcd_cmd(_lcd_cursor_off);

}

void main()

{

init();


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lcd_out(1,1,"temperature");

lcd_out(1,13,"o");

lcd_out(2,14,"C");

while(1)

{

volt=adc_read(6);

// floattostr(volt,volt_char);

// lcd_out(2,1,volt_char);

// temp=volt/2;

// floattostr(temp,volt_char);

volt=volt/1024;

volt=volt*5000;

temp=volt/10;

inttostr(temp,volt_char);

lcd_out(2,1,volt_char);

delay_ms(500);

if(temp>=15)

{

PORTD = 0x00; // Toggle OFF

Delay_ms(50);

TRISC = 0x00; // Set PORTC as Output

PORTC = 0xFF; // Toggle ON

// Delay_ms(50);

}

else if(temp


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}

else

{

portc=0x00;

portd=0x00;

}

delay_ms(500);

}}

Figure 10: MikroC Programming.


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Figure 11:MikroC Programming.

PIR Sensor Equivalent Circuit Diagram in Proteus:

1.

On condition:When motion detect we assume the Input Supply (V1) is 12v then relay Normally

Closed and output terminal turn on the supply this is behave like a on switch and turn

on lamp this is indicate the supply voltage 5v go to the Micro-controller side or

temperature sensor side when 5v input side the temperature sensor terminal and

microcontroller Vcc terminal then both temperature and microcontroller are on see

fig12.


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Figure 12: On condition.

2. Off condition:

When motion didn’t detect we assume the Input Supply (V1) is 0v then normally

opened relay and behave like a off switch and supply turn off condition the lamp is in

off state condition this is indicate the supply voltage 0v go to the Micro-controller

side or temperature sensor side when 0v input side the temperature sensor terminal

and microcontroller Vcc terminal then both temperature and microcontroller are turn

off see fig13.


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Figure 13: Off condition.

Temperature Sensor:

The temperature sensor is used in this circuit to give a complete information of the

temperature to the IC so that the IC then showing direction to current.

In this paper we use motion sensor equivalent AND gate and 5v Vcc supply. When

motion deduct then output high and turn on micro-controller and temperature sensor and

0v volt indicate the motion didn’t deduct and circuit behave the off condition.

After motion deduction output voltage goes the temperature sensor (LM35) where LM35

sense the temperature therefore 10 C=1mV.

IC (pic16F877A):

The IC (pic16F877A) is used to control the circuit automatically using IC programming.

When the IC reads temperature above than or equal to 15 degree Celsius then the IC at

once decided that this time the current will have to go towards the AC or fan. But if the


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temperature is less than 10 degree Celsius the IC turn the path on for current towards the

Electric heater.

The data goes to micro-controller pin num A6 where micro-controller read data analog

signal 10 bit then data goes to comparison and displaying side where comparison

compare and control A.c or Heater and display unit side display the temperature shown in

the fig.

IV. RESULTS AND PROGRAMMING-CHARTS:

Different parameters are taken into account when it is required to analyze such system

design. In this research, different key parameters including temperature difference

between room and selected temperature are set in the microcontroller. When temp>17

then turn on fan shown as the equivalent of A.c shown in Fig 5.

Figure 14: Turn on fan.


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When temp in-between 17 and 10 thus turn off AC equivalent and heater equivalent

shown in the fig 15.

Figure 15: Turn off Fan and Heater.

When temp>10 then turn on matrix LED shown as the equivalent of Heater shown in Fig

16.


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Figure 16: Turn on Heater.

Programming N.s chart see in the fig 17.

Figure 17: N.S-chart.


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Flow chart see in the fig 18.

Figure 18: Flow chart.


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V. CONCLUSION:

The application of Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) controls starts

with an understanding of the building and the use of the spaces to be conditioned andcontrolled.

This automatic control of AC and Electric heater allows the users to get a complete

relaxation from turning on or off the AC or fan and heater. In this system, Different

battery banks are introduced in this simulation and out of them a suitable choice can be

made depending upon the lifetime, efficiency, capital, replacement and maintenance costs

etc. Different hydropower turbines can be selected according to the requirement of the

users. All kinds of comparisons, loads, production and monthly average spreadsheets are

originated and a sustainable power system is designed for the provided values of loads in

accordance. Even if load demands or specifications including head length and water flow

rate is changed, the system can be redesigned using this simulation package.


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VI. REFERENCES:

1. “Shahzad Ali, Nashid Anjum”, “Electricity Crisis in Pakistan: Reception & Adoption of Energy Saving Campaign Messages by PEPCO”,

(http://www.bzu.edu.pk/PJSS/Vol32No12012/Final_PJSS-32-1-14.pdf )

2. “Walt Kester, James Bryant, Walt Jung”, “TEMPERATURE SENSORS”

(http://www.analog.com/media/en/training-seminars/design-

handbooks/781977449sscsect7.PDF)

3. “David Moore”, “A real-world system for human motion detection and tracking”

(http://www.vision.caltech.edu/~dmoore/dmoore-final-thesis.pdf )

4. “Rebekah Yozell-Epstein”, “Economic Energy and User Needs Analysis of

Intelligent Lighting Systems”,

(http://best.berkeley.edu/research/smartLighting/support/yozell-epstein_MS.pdf )

5. http://www.electroschematics.com/5982/motion-sensor-switch-for-alarm-light-or-

water-sprinkler/

Authors Profile:

1. Awais Ahmed received his Master’s degree in Electronics and information

Technology in 2012 from USW, England. He has attained a 5 years research experience

and working as a lecturer in school of electrical engineering, The University of

Faisalabad, Pakistan.
http://www.bzu.edu.pk/PJSS/Vol32No12012/Final_PJSS-32-1-14.pdfhttp://www.bzu.edu.pk/PJSS/Vol32No12012/Final_PJSS-32-1-14.pdfhttp://www.bzu.edu.pk/PJSS/Vol32No12012/Final_PJSS-32-1-14.pdfhttp://www.analog.com/media/en/training-seminars/design-handbooks/781977449sscsect7.PDFhttp://www.analog.com/media/en/training-seminars/design-handbooks/781977449sscsect7.PDFhttp://www.analog.com/media/en/training-seminars/design-handbooks/781977449sscsect7.PDFhttp://www.analog.com/media/en/training-seminars/design-handbooks/781977449sscsect7.PDFhttp://www.vision.caltech.edu/~dmoore/dmoore-final-thesis.pdfhttp://www.vision.caltech.edu/~dmoore/dmoore-final-thesis.pdfhttp://www.vision.caltech.edu/~dmoore/dmoore-final-thesis.pdfhttp://best.berkeley.edu/research/smartLighting/support/yozell-epstein_MS.pdfhttp://best.berkeley.edu/research/smartLighting/support/yozell-epstein_MS.pdfhttp://best.berkeley.edu/research/smartLighting/support/yozell-epstein_MS.pdfhttp://www.electroschematics.com/5982/motion-sensor-switch-for-alarm-light-or-water-sprinkler/http://www.electroschematics.com/5982/motion-sensor-switch-for-alarm-light-or-water-sprinkler/http://www.electroschematics.com/5982/motion-sensor-switch-for-alarm-light-or-water-sprinkler/http://www.electroschematics.com/5982/motion-sensor-switch-for-alarm-light-or-water-sprinkler/http://www.electroschematics.com/5982/motion-sensor-switch-for-alarm-light-or-water-sprinkler/http://best.berkeley.edu/research/smartLighting/support/yozell-epstein_MS.pdfhttp://www.vision.caltech.edu/~dmoore/dmoore-final-thesis.pdfhttp://www.analog.com/media/en/training-seminars/design-handbooks/781977449sscsect7.PDFhttp://www.analog.com/media/en/training-seminars/design-handbooks/781977449sscsect7.PDFhttp://www.bzu.edu.pk/PJSS/Vol32No12012/Final_PJSS-32-1-14.pdf

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