Made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen Has proportions of above 1:2:1 Key sources of energy found in most foods Building blocks of carbohydrates are simple

sugars Monosaccharide – single sugars, example:

glucose (C6H12O6). Disaccharide – two monosaccharides bonded

together, example: sucrose (C12H24O12) Polysaccharide – multiple monosaccharides

or disaccharides bonded together, example: starches, cellulose.

Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (not in a 1:2:1 ratio)

Includes: fats, oils, waxes Building blocks of lipids are fatty acids Saturated fats – composed of hydrocarbon

chains without double bonds, solid at room temperature

Unsaturated fats – composed of a link of fatty chains that have double bonds and they don’t pack so tightly because they bend, liquid at room temperature

Polyunsaturated fats – contain multiple double bonds, heart healthy fats

Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen

Building blocks are amino acids (there are 20 amino acids)

Amino acids are combined in a linear chain. They are then folded in a variety of ways.

Enzymes, antibodies, hormones, and structural proteins

Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphate

Building blocks of nucleic acids are nucleotides Nucleotide has three parts: base, sugar and

phosphate Three types: DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid

◦ Double strand of nucleotides◦ Hereditary information 

RNA - Ribonucleic acid◦ Single strand of nucleotides◦ Needed for protein synthesis

ATP - Adenosine triphosphate ◦ Nucleotide plus two extra phophate groups◦ Energy source for cells