macromolecules structure & function. you are what you eat total%daily value calories1280 total...
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Macromolecules
Structure & Function
You Are What You EatTotal %Daily
Value
Calories 1280
Total Fat (g) 59 91
Saturated Fat (g) 16 79
Cholesterol (mg) 85 28
Sodium (mg) 1420 59
Carbohydrates (g) 158 53
Dietary Fiber (g) 11 42
Protein (g) 33 -
Big Mac Meal
http://www.mcdonalds.com/app_controller.nutrition.mcmeal.bagmeal.html
Carbohydrates C : 2H : O
carbo hydrate (water)
Examples Glucose C6H12O6
Fructose C6H12O6
Isomers
Monosaccharides (one sugar) Fuel Sweet!
Carbohydrates Disaccharides (two
sugars)
Examples Sucrose Dehydration synthesis
Coca-Cola Classic®
Carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup and/or sucrose, caramel color, phosphoric acid, natural flavors (vegetable source), caffeine.
Carbohydrates Polysaccharides
(many sugars) Up to thousands of
units Fuel Storage
Starch- Plants Glycogen- Animals
Starch & Glycogen
Carbohydrates Polysaccharides
(many sugars) Up to thousands of
units Structural
Cellulose Hard to digest!
Total %DailyValue
Calories 1280
Carbohydrates (g) 158 53
Dietary Fiber (g) 11 42
Starch & Glycogen
Carbohydrates Polysaccharides
(many sugars) Up to thousands of
units Structural
Starch & Glycogen
Cellulose
Chitin
monosaccharide
disaccharide
polysaccharide
Carbohydrate Structures
Lipids Hydrophobic
Oil & water do not mix!
Less O
Total %DailyValue
Calories 1280
Total Fat (g) 59 91
Saturated Fat (g) 16 79
Cholesterol (mg) 85 28
Sodium (mg) 1420 59
Carbohydrates (g) 158 53
Dietary Fiber (g) 11 42
Protein (g) 33 -
Examples Fatty acid Triglyceride Saturated Unsaturated
Lipids
Large French FriesPotatoes, partially hydrogenated soybean oil, natural flavor (beef source), dextrose, sodium acid pyrophosphate (to preserve natural color). Cooked in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (may contain partially hydrogenated soybean oil and/or partially hydrogenated corn oil and/or partially hydrogenated canola oil and/or cottonseed oil and/or sunflower oil and/or corn oil).
Lipids Energy Storage!
1 g of carbohydrate 4 calories
1 g of fat 9 calories Fuel of choice for flying
insects Insulation Waterproofing Membrane
Phospholipid Steroids
Cholesterol Hormones
Fatty acid
Triglyceride
Phospholipid
Steroid
Fatty acid
Proteins Workers of the cell
Responsible for most of what cells do
Diverse! Amino acids
Building blocks Dehydration synthesis Polypeptide
Total %DailyValue
Calories 1280
Total Fat (g) 59 91
Saturated Fat (g) 16 79
Cholesterol (mg) 85 28
Sodium (mg) 1420 59
Carbohydrates (g) 158 53
Dietary Fiber (g) 11 42
Protein (g) 33 -
Protein Structure Primary- amino acid sequence Secondary
Regular folding helix pleated sheet
Hydrogen bonding between O----+H-N on the polypeptide backbone
Tertiary Folding Interactions between the side groups
Tertiary Structure
Hydrogen bonds
Hydrophobic interaction
Disulfidebridge
Ionicbonds
Protein Structure Quaternary
More than one polypeptide More than one gene!
Protein Function Structural support
Collagen, silk, keratin
Transport
Hormones
Insulin
Receptors
Defense
Antibody
Enzymes A protein that does a special job
Thousands in the body
Catalyze reactions
Reusable
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/mmdb/mmdbsrv.cgi?form=6&db=t&Dopt=s&uid=24928
ATPase
Nucleic Acid DNA & RNA (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, & more)
Store information for making protein
Genes – sequence that codes for a protein
Four nucleotide bases: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
Nucleotide
Sugar
Phosphate
Nitrogen Base
PolynucleotideHydrogen Bonds
