macromolecules - weebly · 2018-04-06 · macromolecules sc.912.l.18.1 describe the basic molecular...
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Macromolecules
SC.912.L.18.1 Describe the basic molecular structures and
primary functions of the four major categories of biological
macromolecules.
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FOUR MAJOR BIOLOGICAL
MACROMOLECULES
1.Carbohydrates
2.Lipids
3.Proteins
4.Nucleic Acids
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1. Students will identify and/or describe the basic
molecular structure of carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, and/or nucleic acids.
Structure of Carbohydrates:
Composed of hexagonal rings made of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen
Form long chains
Examples of Carbohydrates:
Glucose, cellulose, sugars, flour, milk, etc
Hexagonal
Ring =
Carb!!
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1. Students will identify and/or describe the basic
molecular structure of carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, and/or nucleic acids.
Structure of Lipids:
Composed of triglycerides that look like the letter E
Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Examples of Lipids:
Oils, butter, membranes
E Shape =
Lipid!!
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1. Students will identify and/or describe the basic
molecular structure of carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, and/or nucleic acids.
Structure of Proteins:
Composed of amino acids
Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and
sometimes sulfur
Examples of Proteins:
Meats, steroids, enzymes
Chain =
Protein!!
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1. Students will identify and/or describe the basic
molecular structure of carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, and/or nucleic acids.
Structure of Nucleic Acids:
Composed of nucleotides that consist of one
nitrogenous base, sugar, and phosphate group
Examples of Nucleic Acids:
RNA, DNA
Three parts
in these
shapes =
Nucleic
Acid!!
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1. Students will identify and/or describe the
basic molecular structure of carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins, and/or nucleic acids.
Remember!
Monomer is a building
block.
Polymer is building blocks
put together.
Ex: An amino acid is the
monomer and the
protein is the polymer.
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2. Students will describe the primary functions of
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and/or nucleic acids
in organisms.
FUNCTIONS
Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids
• Main source of
energy
• Compose cell
walls in plants
• Insulate and
cushion body
• Steroid
production
• Waterproofing
• Storage of energy
• Make up cellular
membranes
• Structure
• Found in cell
membranes
• Transferring of
genetic
information
• Contain info
to make
proteins
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Enzymes
SC.912.L.18.11 Explain the role of enzymes as catalysts that
lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions.
Identify factors, such as pH and temperature, and their
effect on enzyme activity.
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1. Students will explain how enzymes speed up the
rate of a biochemical reaction by lowering the
reaction’s activation energy.
Enzymes: special proteins that speed up the rate
of a reaction
An enzyme is a CATALYST (a substance that lowers
the activation energy of a reaction)
The activation energy is the minimum amount of
energy needed for a reaction to begin.
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2. Students will identify and/or describe the effect of
environmental factors on enzyme activity.
Factors that affect enzymes:
Concentration
pH
Temperature
Each enzyme can speed up reactions at certain concentration levels, pH levels, and temperature. When an enzyme is exposed to higher or lower levels or temperature, it will be deactivated or “denatured” and will no longer work to speed up the reaction.
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2. Students will identify and/or describe the effect of
environmental factors on enzyme activity.
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Properties of Water
SC.912.L.18.12 Discuss the special properties of water that
contribute to Earth’s sustainability as an environment for life:
cohesive behavior, ability to moderate temperature, expansion
upon freezing, and versatility as a solvent.
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1. Students will explain the properties of
water at a conceptual level.
Hydrogen Bonding: involves a weak interaction where a hydrogen atom bonds with an oxygen atom
Because of hydrogen bonding, water is a polar molecule.
Polarity: the positive (hydrogen end) attracts the negative (oxygen end) of a nearby water molecule
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1. Students will explain the properties of
water at a conceptual level.
Cohesion: water sticks to water; the
hydrogen bonds create surface tension
This allows water droplets to form and
insects and leaves to rest on the surface of
the water.
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1. Students will explain the properties of
water at a conceptual level.
Adhesion: water sticks to other surfaces
This allows water to move up straws and
stems of plants
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1. Students will explain the properties of
water at a conceptual level.
Temperature Moderation: water has the ability to heat up and
cool down slowly because it takes a lot of energy to do so.
This is why the water is cooler than the sand on a hot day at
the beach.
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1. Students will explain the properties of
water at a conceptual level.
Expansion Upon Freezing: as water goes from liquid to solid, it become less dense, the molecules form a crystalline structure when they freeze
This is why ice floats in water!
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1. Students will explain the properties of
water at a conceptual level.
Universal Solvent: many substances are able to dissolve in
water due to its structure
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2. Students will explain how the properties
make water essential for life on Earth.
Think! How do these properties of water allow life on Earth to
be possible?
Record on your outline and be ready to share out!
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Scientific Method
SC.912.N.1.1
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1. Student will design and/or evaluate a
scientific investigation using evidence of
scientific thinking and/or problem solving.