madagascar: voices of change

8/7/2019 Madagascar: Voices of change

1/93

V O I C E S O F C H A N G EV O I C E S O F C H A N G E

MADAGASCA

Voices o

chang

Oral testimony

o the Antanosy

people


2/93

edtrl ttadrw L Trut & P Ld, 2009

Ptrpy: adrw L Trut, at Krmr

all rt rrvd


3/93

THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED TO

ANDREW LEES

(1949 1994)

HE FOUGHT FOR NATURE

AND INSPIRED OTHERS

TO PROTECT THEIR ENVIRONMENT


4/93

V O I C E S O F C H A N G E

2

our rtt tk t ll t vllr w

tr tm ruly, d d t ur

r tr l tr d xpr. Mu

mut l b v t t vll trvwr

rrdd tr ttm: Rd RktvJp adrrmll, Zbty, M

Lmb, l Mj, Brld Rzrvl,

Mbl, L Mty.

W r rtul t t rl d ll ut

w prmttd u t wrk t mmu

kty, d r tr upprt ur

d pr utr Mdr.

T publt uld t v b wtut t tr, dtrl d prdu

upprt t P Ld tm, lud

gt, sb Wrrt, olv Btt

Wdy Dv; d l t prjt m

ld mplmtt, d publt wrk b

adrw L Trut tm, lud: Yv or

clr Blb, Lub ndrk, ald nmj

adrml Rzdrmk, c

Rzdrm, clud Rktvvy, gr

Ll d hmd Mdj.

W dply pprt t tm d rur

by vlutr, prtulr by at Kr

d l amy gl d Lud Brd; d w

l dbtd t t r/Mly tr

t bk: Juy Rbmzk, Kt ad

Rkl mzt, ny hj Rktz

b tk yu l t ny hj Rktzdr

al hu r t d d lyut, d t J

d P smt P t Ryl Bt grd K

t atl t vtt Mdr (200

Wtut t upprt itrtl u

arulturl Dvlpmt (iaD), d t pr

eurp cmm udd aLT Prjt R

t prjt wuld t v b pbl.

Acknowledgements


5/93

I N T R O D U C T I O N

T llt rl ttm m rm t

ay r utr Mdr. it t rt

publd ut t lv t aty ppl

tr w wrd d mprtt pprtuty

r ll ppl t pk drtly t d mkrbut tr dult t lmt ,

d urty, d rpd dvlpmt du t

m.

T ttm r prt Prjt hePa (Hett

Ambr- Proclaim what is in your heart), tb

by adrw L Trut (aLT) llbrt wt

Ld, t bl vllr tl mmu

t adry d ay r t r xpr d kwld but pvrty

vrmt, d t v v t tr vw.

It is a huge challenge for people to d

a letter and send it to the authoritie

Most of us are illiterate...

Constand (male), St Luce

cmmut vtl prt t dvlp

pr. it prtulrly mprtt vrmt wr t mt pr, typ

rurl prdur d wm, rm ltd

drd; wr vr m

r wk, d wr lw ltry kll x

l pwrl d xlu.

a rt tudy udrtk by t UnDP

cmmut r empwrmt Md

(2008) lud tt pprtut r ll p

t xpr tr vw r xtrmly lmtd

vrbly t d t tr t publ dtru tl r ll md.

Ll dbt d rmt r u

d t vll mt wr trd

rr r prvlt, d wm prt

r xludd r dmd ukwldbl

d tb l ply prt rtrt t

dbt, plly wr p r d

t ttu qu.

Dpt t t brut b

ay 2005 tru trtl m

prjt d mpy vtmt t

r, prmt dpdt rum

wr ll ppl l dt t pk ut

w ty r ftd by t rpd , r r

Introduction


6/93


4

t k utrl rbtrt d lut r prblm

r.

T m t publt r t: p up t dbt

t ll lvl; wd t ud t atyppl by mply dfrt md; dmtrt

t mprt mmut t rpdly

dvlpmt r; d prmt t

rmt t mt vulrbl wt ll

d mk pr.

T ttm r b publd llly,

tlly d trtlly; ty wll l b rd

prt v rd, twrk, d pr vr.

T dmt pr m t ur ttdr, d mkr, d dvlpmt tr

r rmd but t rlty r ll mmut,

d rtr udrtd d wr

t ll t ll dvlpmt txt.

it l ur p tt t publt wll

ur ll t w ld t pwr, rur

d kll, to listen d t t llvt t ufr

d mprv t lv t aty ppl.

Yvonne Orengo, Director, Andrew Lees Trust

The Partners

Prjt hePa b w adrw L Trut (aLT)

rqutd t t P Ld t lp

dvlp d dp prtptry tqu r t

Prjt Rd w b dlvr rml

dut d rmt v rd twrk t

rurl mmut r utr Mdr r

t lt t yr.

P Ld brut t xprt t tr t

mmbr t ay mmuty, ur m d

ur wm, d aLT ll tf rm t adry, t

bm rurl trvwr d llt rl ttm

rm wt tr w mmut.

The Approach

T bt rl ttmy

Mdr r multpl: t wrk t r

lvl; t ur tt ll lu d mud d rdly udrtd; wm r

t r pr; tr b

rry w dr mr rdm p

t trvwr r kw by tr mmu

frd rtr trut t x; pp

t pk r tmlv d t tru trp

r lttr; d rr r t pr

u utm.

all t ay ttm wr udrtkrrdd by ll vll trvwr.

trvwr wr trd d upprtd

wk l wrkp wt ld prt. T

d qut r t mmuty wr dv

by t prtpt tru lttd dl

Tqu r ur tt qut wr

d trvw ud prmrly vr

d pvrty, wr prtd d mtrd.

T trvwr wr prvdd wt Dtp

d wr rmurtd r t ur ty pt trvw. Ty rturd t tr mmu

d btw tm lltd 58 ttm r

tl kty (vll mmut) adr

ay vr tw mt. T wr pr rv

by t aLT Mly ld tm w l t

t P tr, d w udrtk t

lt pr. 41 t ay ttm

t trrbd d trltd. T l l

d dt wr md by P Ld wt

l rt t mt rurr tm.

pr trvwd rprtd t publ

d ll trvw v rd t v tr

publd r brdt. all t vll prt

v rvd p tr ttm.


7/93


Related Activities

a ll ulturl t w lud ay

2009 llw t tum tt dvlpd rm t

tl ttmy llt xr. T prtptddd tr w rl d t prrv t dtty

t aty ppl v t rpd d

dvlpmt tr r d t ay culturl

at m t tu llt d r

rl ttm t rrd d lbrt tr ultur.

s: ttp://www.drwltrut.r/.tm

ur ttm rm t adry prtpt wr

publd t wrldwd wb auut 2008

t Dy r idu Ppl, ld lm ttwr md by vllr but tr vrmtl

d dvlpmt ll. T lm v

b brdt rlly d t trtl

r lmt . extrt t

lm d t adry ttm b vwd t

ttp://www.p.r.uk/urvvltrt

The Andrew Lees Trust

T adrw L Trut w t up 1995 llw

t udd dtl dt adrw L utr Mdr. T Trut dvlp d

mplmt l d vrmtl dut

prjt w m t mpwr ll mmut t

mprv tr l uy d rdu t ft

xtrm pvrty. T Trut l mmttd t

buld t pty Mly prl

t udrtk t ll d

d mplmt pprprt dvlpmt

trt d prjt t ll d rl lvl.

s: www.drwltrut.r

Andrew Lees w t cmp Drtr r

t vrmtl ngo rd t ert. h

mpd r tl d trtl

u lud wtr pllut, lll wt dump

d rdm rmt. i Dmbr 1994

ullld ll mbt t vt Mdr, d

mt wt vll mmut t ay r

lr wt ty d t y but prpd lm

m tt wuld rmv tr tl rt.

o nw Yr ev, adrw wt t Ptrky

rry vy lm qupmt b

pld t t m lt m t u

lttrl r d u br wt m llpd d dd, prbbly rm t

h dt rtd uprdtd md

Mdr, d t m. h mly d r

lud t adrw L Trut (aLT) m

s 1995, aLT wrk utr Md

rtd adrw p r t vrm

bl mpwr ll mmut t

tr w lut r l d vrm

ll.

a trdtl aty mmrl t w r Ptrky rt wr adrw ll, prm

rmdr ur d mmtmt

vllr Lr v md t pl

tr rd t. r mr adrw L

www.drwltrut.r/drw.tm

Editorial note

T trvw prtd t bk v

ut dw by mr t l d m r-rd

tk pl. squr brkt dt

txt r lrt; rud brkt r trl

d dt dt ut t txt. T prmr

b t rm tru t t prt t t

wl l qut, rptt, d u

vrlpp t.
http://www.andrewleestrust.org/aca.htmhttp://www.panos.org.uk/survivalstrategieshttp://www.andrewleestrust.org/http://www.andrewleestrust.org/andrew.htmhttp://www.andrewleestrust.org/andrew.htmhttp://www.andrewleestrust.org/http://www.panos.org.uk/survivalstrategieshttp://www.andrewleestrust.org/aca.htm


8/93

C O N T E X T

6

Madagascar t wrld urt lrt ld. it

t prt utr ar, rk 143

ut 177 utr t 2007/8 Utd nt

hum Dvlpmt idx.

ovr tr-qurtr Mdr ppult rdpdt rultur r tr lvld, lv

tm prtulrly vulrbl t vrmtl

k. cyl rulrly t t rt t

utry d lmt d l drut

vrly ft t ut.

i Mr 2009 Mdr udrwt pltl

up w utd t vrmt Mr

Rvlm. attmpt by saDc (sutr ar

Dvlpmt cmmuty), t ar U d

tr trtl v yt t rlv

drd btw t pltl prt.

a hut autrt d Trt (haT) urrtly

m t utry pd t xt rl

lt tmtd r otbr 2010.

Context

The Anosy Region

hm t pprxmtly l mll b

t Anosy r tutd t ut

rr Mdr. it tmtd tt t75% t rurl ppult lv blw t p

l (insTaT2005) d lmt t m umb

lltrt d d t v t l wtr.

Ltd t r dw t mut, a

wt r wt vrd rulturl pr

w mp r rw, mrkt rd

rut ultvt, wll tpl u m

rll dm wt drt mpt

yld d drk wtr.

T tl r ay r lrly ppult

rm d tr ml. Lbtr d prw

rvtd r ll d trtl mrkt

ll ppl l rvr d lk r dm

umpt.

Bdvrty vrd r r lttrl,

d trt rt t mrld d w

bu. Tr l rpd t lw ly r

b t mut wr tmbr ut r mtly r rl prdut.

T m ty, Tolagnaro mmly kw

Dauphin (rm t ll dy r r

rprt tt rulrly rv turt trv

t rby Brty, lmur tury brdr

adry r. Tr wd t

vtr ttrt t ay r d tur

r m tm b mprtt prt t

my.


9/93

C O N T E X T

Mining

s 2005 t Dup b t trt

l vtmt udr Wrld Bk rwt pl

prrmm w pld m t t r t rl dvlpmt trty. T m

prvtly wd by QiT Mrl Mdr (QMM),

ubdry R Tt. ovr t xt xty yr t

wll xtrt d xprt pprxmtly 750,000 t

lmt t cd r pr.

ilmt lt mrl w trrm t

ttum dxd, dutrl wtr ud pt,

ttpt t. it b ud qutty l

t ut t tl ay t blk dtt l udr t lttrl rt.

M tvt w dmt t ll my

d r lrdy mpt t vrmt wll

t l br t r. Pllut rm

qurry d dplmt vll ppult

rtd w ll d vllr mut m

t trm wt t l tr ld d trdtl

wy l, wll tr ldp.

ard t ll ppl, t t lv trbld t r t m trt up p

(2005) d turm dld. T tw

ux r wrkr r prt d rd

trut, u r tr, d prur

ll utlty rv (wtr d ltrty). o

p d u v vtbly bm r

r vrprd, d ll jb r t prmum

wrkr mrt rm tr r r

mplymt.

Forest

T m br drmt t t lv

vllr w lv djt t, d w dpd

t ll rt tutd t m trjtryt xt x dd.

T vrmt, w w 20% tk

m mpy, mplmtd mp

pur t rtd tl wr t m

t r ltd. apprxmtly 6000 tr

tl ldp udr QMM prjt u

r xtrt. a tmtd 1097 tr w

dtd rvt z wt rt

.

Ll ppl rrd t rt rd t

t t prt tr tr. Ty rly

prdut r u buld, wld rt d

turl md, prdut r wv, d

l ty t tm rdp.

T wly dtd rvt z,

by QMM d t rt srv, mply

(mmuty mmt) ytm t rtrt

t t rt. T m tt my vllr prvuly rld tr w trdtl m

mm - mut w py (r b d) t

d tk prdut rm t rt. Mt r

trppd mrkt rdr d rm

l t dllr pr dy w w d tm

xludd rm t vtl rur

Land

sm mmut v lrdy b dp

rm tr ld t llw r trut

prt, qurry, rd d u r m w

otr v b rtrtd rm t

trdtl t. a mpt pr

b ppld r t ftd by dpl

but tr r dput but t l


10/93

C O N T E X T

8

mpt dlvrd. Mt dr t ut

t bl t l t rmld r

r tt v upprtd tr ml vr my

rt

T mjrty ll ppl lv rm t ld (86%)

ubt rmr. Ty dt wrp

tr ld by trdtl m w r rd

t mmuty lvl. Ll tur dult d

tly d tmtd 90% Mly rmr

w w ld, ly 8% v rml ld ttl.

cmpt pr vtbly vur t

w tbl ll ttl.

New challengesi t rtrtd r l rt, wtr

d ld, ll w upprt trdtl wy l,

ll ppl mut w dvlp w lvld. a

lmt mpt ll rvt d d

urty, d wt w m pprtut d

lttl ptl t tr dpl, pt r vllr r

lmtd

T m mpy lm t v lrdy pt 38

mll Us dllr t r, w pprxmtly17 mll t ll mmut (rprtd

by t Lexpr wppr). But t prt t

r r trul t mk d mt d d t

dult t prtpt t w my du t

ut jb, kll dt d lltry. r my

vllr t vtmt t yt mtd

wy ty drtly mprv t l trm

utur r tr ml

Money: Malagasy Ariary (Mga) xd t t

urrt rt 1000 Mly arry (Mga) = 0.51

dllr (od, 10/09/09).


11/93

C O N T E X T


12/93

B A C K G R O U N D O N S I T E S

10

Note on Inormation and gures provided

T ttm wr lltd Dmbr 2007 d

Jury 2008. Ul trw ttd, irmt

d ur t dumt wr rrt 14t

sptmbr 09 but my b ubjt t rpd .

T pr dtr d tr ll lt

l d l my vry ll rrmt

. ur rprtd ld mpt

r b rvwd lk ty

rd qut mt vllr d mtr

. cmpy ltrtur lm tt QMM

md pymt ttll 4 mll dllr t

m 492 rdt ftd by prt d qurry

trut, but ll vllr rprt mpt

rt vry rm lttl 100 Mga/qur mtrt 400 Mga/qur mtr (pprx 21 t pr

qur mtr), dpd t ttu t ld

(llw, ultvtd, umbr rut tr t.). n

rmt w vlbl t r t lry

r urtr dtrm t ttu d rlty ld

mpt.

irmt rrd QMM mmtmt t

r tk rm t R Tt wbt, QMM

pr rl d/ tru rr t t ll

mmuty lvl. n tt ur uld b

ud rrd t vrll rt rvt r

st Lu.

ur r t umbr ppl dpld by t

m prjt v b tk rm t Wrld

Bk Pic wbt. ur prvdd by ll c

kty, u t umbr ppl mp

t vll by t m mpy, r ur

mpbl t vry d rrdd tm

ly. T m ppl t ppult ut. b u ay rt yr

ttr wt mrt, w rd d

t pr t m, t mpbl t pr

urt umbr.

it uld b td tt m t yt b

Ptrky d st Lu ltu QMM l

lmd rt r t tr utdy d dl

rvt z wt rtrtd . M

bu Md, r 2,000 tr rt ld, d trr utd t rmt t

prjt, w ud tl mmu

t adry d ay r.

M-rltd qurry, prt d rd tru

v mt dplmt d l ld

ppult ilt d ambb. T

ty r t yt drtly mptd by m

r mmdtly ftd by l t

rwd d t r wtr .

i rl, t lr, trprt rm

d p mmut t r p

dult, t lt t txt t r

v t dv t m prt

mpy dvlpmt tvty.

Ltly, t ttm v ll udr tr

t tr lu rdr t ltt ll

d mk tm bl t t wdt p

ud. Tr my b m mr dfr

btw lu vr rult

trlt pr.

Background

on sites


13/93


Ambinanibe

ambb okontany (prmry dmtrtv

mmuty rt rup mlt) t

t, 7 klmtr ut rt Dup. Md up v mlt, t m t pprxmtly 3,000

ppl. T t wt lt rm t , w

prttd by t tl ldp d w

prvd rmp pprtut t vllr.

T t t prmtry wr QMM v

trutd tr prt. Prt d rd trut,

ttr wt w qurry, drtly ftd t

lv ppl ambb.

nw rtrt m tt rm lr

ly ld tr bt t smtr w wtr

dt r bd. Bvv, ltrtv ld

trp, t xpd t t wv, d t rm

ru t u t bult by QMM xt t t prt,

ty dr t t dru. T mttr udr

rvw wt t w rl dmtrt.

t prpl lvld d vlv ll

mmbr t mmuty, lud t wm,

w r rpbl r ll ut by tm. sm l rt m tru wv d

t rmp d mll . apprxmtly 150

vllr wr mplyd by t QMM m but v

b md rdudt w tt t prt trut

p mplt. a w rd tt t t

qurry t t tw m tt vllr w

bu trprt t rt Dup mr ly t

ll tr prdut.

ar rud ambb v b pprprtd by

t m mpy r rd d prt trut,

w rdud t rmld, t llt

rub r ul d prvy r prl tt.

My vllr v lt tr ld d mpt

rprtd 100 Mga/qur mtr, ltu

m y 400 Mga/qur mtr. T mpt

pr d mpy u r b rvwd

wt w rl vrmt.

QMM pd prmry l t yr d

bult lt tr Llvky mlt. hw

t tr wt w dtr d ly murrtly upprt t mmuty lt

mll umbr trtl d ll

mplmt lt prjt ambb, l

wtr d rprdutv lt ttv, d

upprt vru l prrmm r

ltry.

it ppr tt t Wrld Bk prm

umbr rtrutur upprt t amb

but t v yt t mtrl, Wrld ud b ltd du t t urrt p

urt Mdr.

T vll d b r vtd by turt

r wrkr, m wm d t rp

ll ady(utmry tb) r t vrm

Petriky

Ptrky r lttrl rt tutd 32 klm

ut rt Dup, m t pprxmtlppl. it lud rl wtr ytm

l.

T ttm wr lltd Lr,

t t rt-wt d Ptrky. hr t vl

lv mtly rm , mll rulturl pr

d rt prdut.

T rt mwt drdd, plly

Lr wr vllr r rw m

tmt t wtr d. a lr wt

rt b ut rm t t wt t prvd

r QMM vl.

T rt du t b md r lmt d

pprprtd 1,320 tr ld, 120 w


14/93


12


15/93


v b dtd rvt z by QMM

d t ll rt rv 2008. a mmt

trr t ll mmut prpd tru

iMPiaMP (kmb Mpr-mtt y

aly Ptrky) r m t rt rvt

z, d coBa (cmt d B) r m trt ur z. i t pt ll ppl ppld tr

w trdtl rt mmt ytm.

apprxmtly 324 ppl wr mplyd by QMM

t buld rd ( pd 2,000 Mga pr dy) but

t wrk ly ltd w dy bu my

ppl prtptd. sm vtbl ultvt,

y ultvt, tr dl d tr m-

rt prjt wt ll t v b

t up by QMM l prrmm.

Tr ly wll t ur drk wtr. T

rt lt tr srmb, dy wlk

wy, wr trtl v t up

rprdutv lt dut prjt d tv

d dtrbut t trt mlurd ldr. a

prrmm t prmt vtbl ultvt

ru t dulty t vlvd mr- rdr

t pur qupmt, d ppl wr rd

tt t dbt. a mjr r r vllr t

dulty tt prdu t mrkt du t trrmt lt d pr t rd.

a prmry l w bult by QMM 1998 wd,

d rbult brk 2008. it tr vrmt

pd tr d upply tr. hwvr,

ldr ldr mut trvl t t dry l

Mmbr r tr l d ty wt

rltv. T vllr rqutd dry l

r tr mmuty but r tll wt rp.

St Luce

stutd 46 klmtr t t rt-t rt

Dup, st Lu m t pprxmtly 1,400

ppl lv tr mlt: ambdrky,

amptmbky d My. it prmrly

lbtr vll, w ll prdu

t pr t by mddlm t tw llly b

r prtr, Mdp d Mrt P

T rt vr r prt lttrl rt d

umd rt, w wd by t d hmly d ud r turm (prvt )

rt r wll b md r lmt d

tr r prjt utdy. 274 tr

prttd (al try) d mpltly f

Tr urtr r ru by coBa (cmt d

r u by vllr udr dina rrm

xmpl, tr rwd, utt rt

d llt mahampy rd, but t z

r ulr.

cl drk wtr mr wdly v

st Lu, wt tr wll bult by iD (

itrtl pur l Dvlppmt W

Bk prjt) 2000 (tw w r tll wr

QMM bult wll 1999 d tw d pu

r t prmry l ambdrky, d

r t lt tr My.

T lt tr w bult by QMM 2003 w

mdw pd r by t vrmt, but t

prblm wt upply d t t mdptt. ad t prmry l tt QMM

r ambdrky 2004, tr jut t

185 pupl. a d tr b rqut

vrmt lvl but vllr wt rp.

ldr v t trvl t Mtlky, 15 klm

wy, t tk tr dry lvl tr

Tr l prmry l My bu

iD 1986.

sm mrkt rd prjt v b

by ll d trtl , wll

QMM, but tr r dult trprt

mrkt rt Dup rd dt r

pr, plly t ry .


16/93


14

Ilatsignana

ilt ltd 6 klmtr t t ut-

wt rt Dup, r t t QMM qurry tt

prvd t r prt d rd trut. Tll mut t t wt rt Dup t

ur t rk d t rpd dppr

t ldp byd rt.

o t 1,500 ppl lv ilt, t lt

124 uld v b dpld by t qurry

d rd buld (Pic ttt) d my tr

v lt tr ld. T ppl r kw

Pr aft pr l Prjt (Pr aftd

by t Prjt) r PaP.

i 2005/6, QMM b mpt prrmm

t PaP r l ld. Ty wr frd

ld r my but, vllr prvd t

w ld frd t b dy d t d r

ultvt, ty ptd r my. Rprtd mut

r mpt t vllr w lt ld vry

rd t wtr t w llw, ultvtd r

ttld, but r rm 100 Mga/qur mtr t 400

Mga/qur mtr.

T mpt pr urrtly udr rvw

Wrld Bk udl r lr t 2,000 Mga/

qur mtr r uttld ultvtd ld.

i ddt t ld mpt, vllr l

rvd w u. T rt u w bult

by QMM d t mdl lrly ptd, but

ubqut buld trt wr v t ll

trpr, w md u lwr qulty wt

wll tt lk w t r.

T rtt ll r t mmuty

lk lvld. T trut p

m w v mplymt t pprxmt

ppl t qurry w vr. T ppl

ilt r urrtly rd rt ut QMM ulyptu pltt.

QMM udrtk t ud vrty

prrmm r PaP tru ll

lp prmt vtbl ultvt d lv

prjt, w, wv, rtl prdut

r rm, d tr m-rt pr

wll ltry r ldr xludd rm p

prmry l.

T rt lt tr Llv

ambb) ltu t urrtly wt

dtr. Drk wtr vlbl tru

d pump d v tp but t r rqu

brk d wt t trut

edut vlbl rm publ l, bu

QMM 2005, w dut pprxmtl

tudt udr v vrmt pd tr.


17/93

V O I C E S O F C H A N G E


18/93

SainteLuce

V O I C E S O F C H A N G E - S A I N T E L U C E

16


19/93


My mly lwy b vlv

mk ty (mt). W i w

rmmbr my mtr mk tm... i l ll

r ttp it wdr ty uld

r my l bu ty dd t mk

my... Ltr , t pr ty r

t u t llw t ty mkr t ddr

d d mt tr blt.

i tppd [tudy] jut tr p

my cePe xm (lmtry rtt).

rm tt tm , i v b vlvd

Fanjaemale, 22, St Luce


20/93


18

wv. Uully, ty tk tr

dy t wk t mk. it ll r 2,000 t

3,000 ariary. T mut v tt i buy r

tt ly lt but ur dy.

A demanding and painul jobWv vry dmd jb but w dt v

y ...

svrl tp mut b llwd. W lv vry rly

t mr t llt t v. evry rt mut

b xtrtd by ... T w d m wt

t v rud 5pm. atr tt, tr brk,

w v t llt taniotsy(wt d) t t

t v...

W d r [t d] t dpt but 5 mtr,

w wr d r ppr. T wt d

lp t d t brt r lur t mahampy

(typ rd ud r wv) d t t m tm,

prtt t rm dmpt...

it rky t t d, bu w v t dw

t rt v t t t d. it pbl tt

t r t v wll ll dw u. W dt

v y m r tl t xtrt t d; wv t dw tr urlv... atr t, w

wlk m r 7 klmtr, rry ld

but 20 kl. o w t m, w [tll] d t

t brk. W v t trt prpr t mmpy

trt wy, t prvt t rm rtt...

W prpr du rm t taniotsy, jut lk

mk du r brd. W mx t tty wt

wtr...[t] w p t wt ur d d pt t

mmpy. T mmpy bm wt, l t

r lur...

it tk ur dy t dry ut... T xt tp bru

d pud t t t mahampy, t wll b

y t mpult... r tr dy tr t pr,

w wv t tsihy. i ll, t tk wk t mk

tsihy... a tsihy md up tw d. W mk

t rt br tt tmby trd...

it vry dult pr. i ddt, t

tr. i w i d m t lp m

t umbr tsihy i uld mk rtrMk t mully pul.

Selling the tsihy[T mrkt] 15 klmtr rm r. W

rud 4m d w rrv t Mtlky ru

10m. T tr ll ur tsihyd ru

rrd, w rtur t st Lu rud 5pm. W

wlk bu tr publ trprt. i dd

w ly t lu ur rtur t t vll...

ev tu t pr tsihywt up t 1,200 a

t urrt pr d t rrpd t t

t t lv... [w] 400 ariary t

r 1 kapoaka (1 kapoaka qul -trd

r...

i ly t 2 kpk r bu t rm

ud t pur kr d f. i t

w tsihyld r 200 ariary, kapoaka r

t 10 ariary.

[i ll t mddlm, w] r Tdry wm. T

rll t tsihy tr r [ adry]. s

mp v xprd trt b

ur prdut. i w rr wuld buy ur

bu tt wuld urt tt t pr w

b rd ur rdp wuld b l

[our buyr]...drv t pr dw d ty

w mk mr my...

Uses o tsihyW mk d rt my t... T

mt w lrd rm rt t

d tll prt tdy. W u tsihy

[r ] wllppr. T mt ppulr u t

bkt, plt mt, d truk wr w

tr ur vlubl d d lt.


21/93


W u tsihy ur dly l t rpl mttr.

W t frd m mttr trr tsihy

ut r u... Tsihyrpl r t m. s

yu tt mahampy mprtt pl ur

l...

The desire or trainingi w d l r tr w tr prrmm

r u t prtpt , ty mkr wuld mprv

t qulty tr prdut... it wuld t tk y

tm r m t tr my rd ttr u

pprtuty r. i kw ty r ll trtd

u mprvmt...

Pttl buyr r d up wt t tyl, lur dqulty ur prdut... Ppl l trt du t

t mty wt w mk Tsihymkr v

t mk trmdu frt t v buyr t

pur ur prdut. i t d, ty r, but t

vry lw pr.

i w t mprv ur prdut, i r tt t

buyr wll drv dw t urrt pr.

Lack o leadership

W v t trd t tbl t. L t xpv d ppl d t v tm t vt

tbl u rup... W wuld v lkd t

v t wm t ltt d k

bt r ll mmbr. W wuld l lk t v

rvd m qupmt d my t llw u

t wrk t. Bu w dt v

ldr, ppl tu t wrk tr w.

ev w d wm t, w dt kw

wr t t pur d r rm...

rm dry tvty r m. i v rd

tm d my t pur r vtbl

d. ay tm i mk m my i dt wt t

pd t d, bu i d t buy d r t

mly...

Bd, i lk t ry qupmt u

wlbrrw, prklr d rtlr. i ly u

wt rtlr. a r wtr my vtbl

t mully. a rult, i t plt my...

Now the orest is a orbidden place T wuld v b dfrt i d m

w uld lp m; i m l. i v t llt

rm t rt t t vtbl rd

tp] dmt ml rz r t t

But llt tk bm prblm b

t rt bl t t rr (QMM

Mdr Mrl ubdry R Tt m

r lmt).

it mz w rt rw


22/93


20

ur r bm t prprty

rr. Rt w, ll ppl d

utrt t ut dw tr. T wrt t

tt w v t py t t t prmt. ..

W dd t v t pur rwd [br]... M

wt t llt trut wd d brut bk

t mut ty dd t buld u. Wm

tk dvt r rwd d md mll

bu ll t t tr ppl... i ddt,

ppl dd t buy md. Mdl plt wr

vlbl t u rm t rt...

i tll rly t rt t upply my d, plly

t llt mahampy r my upt i [tpt], i uld t llt mahampy, i uld wt t

llt rwd d mk lttl bt my...

nw, vryt d. T rt

rbdd pl... i u rtrt tu w wll

ll t r rdp.

W wr kd t plt ulyptu. s i wdr wy

QMM dt tk vr t ulyptu rt? itd

ty tk vr ur d rt, ull rur.

eulyptu tr r t utbl r trutbu mt tr ulyptu pt pltd

t t d, t trt rtt...

Ppl v xprd tr vw but uld t

prvt QMM pl t wrk ur r. T t

w d t kw wt t d, wr t r w t

tlk t.

Lost benets o biodiversityWvr r turt m r t vw ml

u lmur, ty pd m my t t ll

mmuty, try ... our rt t

my bdvrty p tt ttrt lt turt;

urtutly, tr vt r prbtd by QMM.

QMM d t pt turt py drtly t

t ll mmuty...

all w wt r t rt t b ud t

m r ur mmuty, bu t rt

ur mmuty. Bu ur r, tt

t rt tll lv... W lv t rt, tt

w v rd r t utl w...

T m, t wuld b bttr t bury ll u b

tk t rur wy rm u m

u. it wll b d t l t lry st Lu

turt vll, ltd btw t lttrl r

butul b... T bdvrty uqu

r, t d t rt.

Going to the health centre is not r

[QMM] bult wll r t ll mmuty...lt tr Br, prt wm...

t Mtlky t dlvr tr bb. Br

wm trtr [ t] t Mtlky

t y... nw, prt wm t

lt tr t vll. [s] i m rtu

tr lt tr vlbl t u w...

[But] i ru t rdp w my ldr r

dt v my t buy md. Br, i

t t rt t llt mdl plt t

my ldr. nw, i v t br tm t t tr. QMM rt tt t t lt

t r d tt md r xpv.

Fishing in declinei t pt, ll lbtr w prpru t

Ppl uld pur w, buld u d

tr ldr tru lbtr-t. a

uld t up t 15 kl lbtr pr dy. T

t rr tt rm t w u

rm; mt t tm t but 100 r

vr udrtd wy t vlum tr t

drd drmtlly...

i ddt t t, t pr lw. Wt t d

upply, i tk kp t pr

mpt r t l m... Urtu


23/93


vryt wrk [t buyr] wy d tu

rm d tr ml ufr.

The buyers strategy T prblm tt rm d t v buyrw py r pr r t lbtr...

mp rt Dup pur tm tru

tr mddlm. Ppl try t br wt t

mddlm t br up t pr lbtr but t

mddlm xu t t ptrl d r

prt... W dt u mtrbt, w v d

[ t t] w ty u ptrl pr tr

u t pr lbtr.

T trty t lbtr-buy mp lt d jut buyr t t vll d trr

t lw upply d dmd tk ft. wr

buyr d my upplr drv t pr dw...

T mddlm l rt tt t .

hw my tm d dt t pp? i tk

ty jut dt r...

Ll mmut r r w tr

dt. T vrmt d t v yt t

d wt t. W v dtt rltv mddlm.W dt pp, mk trbut

t l t burd t ll mmut, r

xmpl dt m r.

Little hope o positive changei dt wt st Lu, w w m t rt

vll try t dvlp, ultmtly t bm

m t lt t d ...

nw, ll wm kw t but wv, d

ll m kw t but . i t mry

l d tud, ppl wuld v d

my kll d ur lv wuld v b dfrt.

Ty tut el d r, wll k

d wv, d mu mr. i u tr d

tud, my ur ldr wuld v

pprtuty t mprv tr lv...

[But] ur ldr r bm lltrt T

upt tt ur ldr d tr ty dr l : rl llw tr mtr tt

mk tsihy; by lk tr tr d.

ttr, ty rm... Tr r tr jb...

i ly mry. Wt t xpt? n

Mk tsihyd r t t kd j

br ptv ... Ul ppl rv

kd tr, t lmt mpbl t m

tt t lv utur rt wll vr mp

i v tk ty wll ufr mrbu t rur ty d wll b

.


24/93


22

Olinaemale, 83, St Luce

i m ol, 80 yr ld... i t mrrd

w i w ly 16. i d my rt ld

w i w 18, d w i rd 21 i d my

d... My mrr dd t lt... atr my dvr,

i d t tk r myl. Lukly, l w p

100 ariaryw u t lv r wk...

s i w dvrd t u yu , i d

tr rltp d tr ld. i w l

mtr try t prvd r my ldr, lud

tr dut, my l w trul...

Ppl...kd m t w dr tt ty uld

ll tm t mrkt... oly mt tr v

brt, i wt bk t my jb, d v my bby t

ud t t ud my w m d ll

lp my lp wl i wd... i lkd

lp bu i d t wrk dy d

t.


25/93


I did everything I could tomake money

su rytm wrk d mpt my lt.

i lt ll... [T dtr] kd wt my upt

w. i d i w tlr i [l] bkd k dmd brd. h prbtd m rm tu wt

bt my tvt. i rpld: Wt wuld w t i

tppd w, d mk brd?...

h utd tt i d t w, i dd t d

m t pu t manivelle (w m

pdl) d my jb w jut t djut t lt t

mk tm rt... i rptd dv. [But] tr

ur t v yr, i lt mpltly urd, i uld

t rt w my w.

i rw ldr but my wrk td. i dd vryt

i uld t mk my... i drd d brut d

ld tm rmt vll. i l ld r

Mtlky t mk quk my d pur d

r my ldr...[d] pl, p d pybk,

r yt tt ty dd r l.

I am grateul my parents sent me toschool

i myl wt t l d tt wr i lrd td, ut, mbl d w lt. i l lrd

w t mk brd, bk dfrt typ k,

d i m bl t k ll rt ml. r xmpl

vtr r turt m r, i m kd t k

r tm...

i i d t t l, i wuld t b bl t

mk lv. i m rtul t my prt r d

m t l bu ty d t d t d,

i t m w my l wuld b. i lrd

r, k d w...

My ldr ttdd ll t prmry rd, utl

ty rvd tr rt rtt [ lmtry

dut]. T ty tppd bu i dd t v

u my t py r tr dut byd

tt. i t pt, t cePe rtt w u

t rud, but w t m t... My

dd up wrk ur rmld d

Forced to give up tailoringev tu i m tll pbl wrk, i

tp du t t ml lur my

m... i uld t buy tr. T pr w

wll, vryt wrkd ttr t

i i d m d pr l, i ul

d t...

Wt i m d w t mk lv prt

wrk, wd m rmld d ll

rwd. T r t t kd jb tt

u m t lv; but i m tll lv

d t t, i m rd t d tm.

The entire amily had plenty o shi t pt, My w mu r , p

lbtr... nw, t lmt kp

mpt t t rud r.

rd d my tr ud t b bud

tr b dl tr prdut.

i t pt, dur t t , t vll bu tr wr t tm... T

mly d plty d vry w t

Price xing and other strategiesWt mz ppl rud r tt

r t t w dtrm t pr

t... W dt kw t vazaha (r

t wt ur lbtr, r wt rlly pp

Ppl wt t d ut t trut. it rd t b

tt rr wuld t wt ur lbtr, b

rm tm t tm ty vt My d t

t ty k : ar tr lbtr, d w

d kl t? s w x pr d ty py

But mzly, w t buyr

(mddlm) pur lbtr t


26/93


24

vll, t pr [ty fr] dfrt

d rm t x tr w

pr... cqutly, rm r rd t ll

tr t, uwllly... t pr pr bu

lbtr d t lt l t bttr t tur tmt m my t t t t...

T rm t r rm 100 rm t 2

kl pr pr. currtly, t mddlm mp

mmum murmt t lbtr ty wt

t pur. i tk t mur ud t rdu

t my tt rm rt... T

mddlm rut t lbtr d t

t mllr ...td v tm bk t t

rm. i ty dt wt t pur tm, tyuld rtur t mllr lbtr t t tt

ty t br.

Mddlm dv my tt ppl

pur lbtr trp, lr bkt d d.

Bu ppl r pr, ty r tmptd by

t fr bu trw tr ldr wll

ury. Ppl dvd t my dtd r

qupmt d llt m t t d.

a rult, ppl d up wt wr trpd t mddlm t ry wt t rm,

bu t my w pt mt l. o

ur ty t ry! Ty lrdy v my

d lvld .

Fishermen have no choicePpl u wd bt, wtut y ;

d t bt wd r t vitagno (lr rdwd

tr); t vry lt d d t k utl t

wllwd by u wv. ev t wllwd by

t w tm, bt md ut vitagno wll

t t t tp .

hwvr, [w] w r rbdd t tk tr rm

t rt. eulyptu tr r vlbl but t

r t utbl r mk bt t b ud t .

Ty r vy; ly d r rvr..

rm v but t pt

t, bt prw d by rk dt

... My d wl ... Tr v bmur tk t prtt t lv rm

r but tm.

Issues o government: it is sodisappointingi t pr pwr d, t m

pp, but t pr pwr t

t t pp d ppl v l

mplt


27/93


it t rly t vrmt tt rpbl

r ur tut but mtly t ppl w r put

r t vrmt m. r xmpl,

t vrmt prvdd my t ud prjt,

but t prjt r t d. aumtv b md but t pp. it

dppt...

W tr dtrbut d d r tr rt

lp t vll, ppl v rd tm d

t rt pr t b r. T r r t

tt ptm tk pl. itd lp

t uly pr, d d ut t t mly

mmbr t pr w dtrbut t.

T vrmt uld lk lly t t d

rm d rmr bu tr r ppl

w lv f upt tr t . d

pr r xrbtt, lt r xpv. i dt

r mu but lt bu dd

rm t b bl t buy lt, but d rtl

r urvvl. d d t ur mly vry

rd t t d w.

Poor diets and scarce supplies

Tdy [ i d yu ldr]...i m ur i wuld tb bl t ty tr d bu l xpv.

Wt my m, i my b bl t pur jut 10

kapoaka (3.3 kl) r. Ppl r td tr

ldr t r prrd.

supply r t t mly b ll r

ppl rud r. it t m tpl r ldr.

it tru tt tr v, wt ptt, tr d

bemako (dbl rt, mlr t tr), but ldr

uully v rd tm dt tm. ev dult

prr r but t xpv, d tr t

u r, ppl r rd t um tr

tpl.

cldr udr tr d t udrtd t

dult tt tr prt ; vry tm ty r

ury, ty ry utl ty t d... Ppl

v but ty d t jy t; ty l w

Our health has improvednwdy, ppl v xtv kwldty kw w t m tr lt. s p

u drp t pury t wtr t wll d

y btr tt my rm tr lt...

i ddt, t ll mmuty dtd

ppl t m t tr. it rbdd

ludry rud t tr, bu t drty

my ru f t t... i tk t u tr

btd u bu ur ldr r

w...

our lt mprvd tr

r... Br, ppl wuld put tr k rlt

trtr d wlk t t ptl Mt

smtm, t k pr dd l t w

t m r prt wm... smtm

dlvrd t bb br ty rd t

bu ty d t wlk r 15 klmtr.

nw, ppl t t mdw t v

s k qut d v k-up. s trd ut t u ll br pr

md But ppl d t pur md

ty lk my. ad m , w t

t md, ppl ll t t mk m

Family planning welcomed T vll lt ldr, but tk

vrmt, w ttd mly pl

ppult rwt lwd dw bt.

tt mr d mr xpv d wt

ldr t r, t vry dult...prt r

bl t ut t lv [ my ldr] d

ll tr d: d, l, lt d lt

mtr r buy r r tm d

tu lk tm t wrk.


28/93


26

Lukly, ppl t vll rvd

t d [ mly pl] wll,

d w mtr wt utl r ld x br

v tr. i m rlly td wt wt

t vrmt dd.

Only someone who has money can beheard[QMM] (QiT Mdr Mrl ubdry R

Tt m r lmt)w vryt, t ld,

t rt, vryt bl t tm. ev ur

trl ld bl t tm. amz!.. i u

[t myr] t t y rprt r mplt t

r utrt, d tt wy QMM kp d

wt t wt t d.

i m, r wm lk m, tr t mpl

d tlk t t myr, my y, Wt d

wm kw but t prblm? i my b trtd

lk m w t mu t y; wm d

ldr kw t but prblm d uld

t t vlvd. ev m mpl, t myr

wll t rly lt... oly m w

rr, r my, b rd t

vll.


29/93


L t pt d tdy uld

mprd... i t pt ppl d p

d d my t pur tr t...u

lt d ttl. T pr d w

ldr uld t l... My prt d

ldr d ty wr bl t upply tr

[Tdy] ppl trul t mk my d...

t pd t d t w lt...

nw tt i v my w mly, t tt mr

mr dult t t d t d mk

T mut i t t dy r l

my tr ud t t...

My prt dd t v t u lt

trp t mk d t... [Tdy] rm

r tr prdutvty; ty u dfrt

d vt mr tm . ev ,

tr t [ mll].

Constandmale, 31, St Luce


30/93


28

A population explosioni v l td tt my ppl t

vlvd w. T du t t t

lv d t t tt rt quk

my, prvdd yu mk t...

[al] tr b ...ppult xpl rud

r. i v vr t vll ull ldr!

T prblm tt t ldr...d t ttd

l r vrty r, d ty b

t yu ...

Tdy lt ppl llw mly pl t rdu

t umbr tr ldr, but tll t d t

lp mu my prt [tll] t mt trldr d u lt d l ...

s t umbr rm rd but

t rur , lbtr d rmp v

drd.

Poverty increases risksrm...tll u wd bt, dty r t

bl t dpr wr rur mt b

budt... [Ty d] br bt r mtrbt...

t t tr wv d urrt ut tr...

T tr r rm d tr bt tt

ty d t b bl t wdy dy. arud

r, w t wd blw rm t ut w ll

t haranalaotsy ll rm ty ld bu

t dru t t dt. rm

blv tt ty v mtrbt ty uld

wtut rk dt...

T bt [w u] r jut wd rm tr truk,

rvd ut t mddl t llw w ppl t

t. W t typ bt k tr wy

rtrv t. i ddt, rm d t v l

jkt. T t urpr bu rm

lrdy trul t mk lv...[d] l jkt

t rtu.

nt ly [ tr ] ur, but l

mddlm d tr r b d t

t m r d prt dl w

rm dt d d. ard

Mly trdt, ppl lutr wurtutly mddlm r tr b

dt w...

rm jut wrk t ut tmlv, tk

w ty rtur m wtut dt.

At the mercy o middlemeni v rd tt lbtr d pr

Dup mrkt r vry d. s wy r p

prpd u lw pr r? [rm] t mry mddlm...[w] dtt t pr

mz w mddlm trl vryt

r... rm uld b llwd t t t

tr t, jut lk tr llr, r x

id p wr r v rmr

i blv tt t t tt rm d t v

buyr r tr lbtr mk tm vulrbl

pr trl mddlm [w] dv

t ur m... i v tlkd t tr rm

w r t m tut: t mddlm ud t tt t mt rtlly lw

r lbtr...

rm rt wrk r mddlm...

mddlm prp pur bt r tm

t dt tt t rm mut ll

t t t mddlm w pur t b

rm t x t pr tr t b

ty r td by t vu trt.

Savings are the only way outa r u r t

rd, wll, tr but t

tr u t lm t rm rt

pp wt mddlm r d. Tr

vrmtl rt (ngo) w tr t


31/93


rm qur w bt...[but t] t lp

t 400 rm rud r...

T ly t tt mt lp u t bm

r rm t trl mddlm [d buy bt] t rt v rm t l lbtr it wll

tk tm but i tk t pbl, dpt t t tt

bt t rtu t dy 400,000 ariary

o i v u, i pl t t w bt

d wrk my w tt i x t pr

my t... My ly r... tt my t

t b d r t lt t mt [ t

p t lbtr My 1t].

i t pt, rm dd buy tr w

bt [d] uld x t pr tr t... [i]

rm dd t v u my t pur

bt, uld wrk ut dl wt m w

uld lp m... T ltr , w d vd

u my, wuld py bk dbt. T

w pbl bu ppl vlud rdp lt

d m ppl d xtr my. rm [l]

trdd tr ttl r bt.

The benets o soccerrm v tr rm [rm rw] but v

ky t d l. s i tk ty d t ply

r t buld trr l d trt lttl tr

tt ll dy l . currtly, yu ppl

t vll r bl t rm tr tm but w t

durd bu w lk r , bll d

jry...

evry tm w ply t tm rm utd w

r mprd by tr qupmt, d mtm

w urt urlv ply wt ur br t t

tm tt wr r ... T ly tm yu

ppl t vll xpt t rv dt

[r u t] dur lt mp,

vry v yr, w ddt dt t t

ttrt vtr...

W v tr vll ldr w dvt t

tm t u. Ty dt v m

bu ty t lv t prt, ty mk

t lp u. Wvr w trvl utd t vll

ply mt, ty m l wt u.

W v yut t tt prmt

e tm t ll tm t trvl t ply m

vry l pr t vll dt m

lp vr tr xp. T mmuty

tr ldrty wvr t plyr lt

l lp... [T] mly r d b

my plyr d t v jb r [y tr]

m. a r bu r r rd, p

uully wlk t mt.

Traditional midwives are moreexperienced[i t pt m wm] wt t t p

Mtlky. Ty wlkd ll t wy b

klmtr. otr rmd t vll d

t reni-jaza (trdtl mdw)... T ren

dd t u y qupmt bd rzr bl

ut t umbll rd d p trd...

[My mtr] w reni-jaza. Ty uld tll pt bby wuld b rk dur d

i ty tmtd tt t bby pt w

rml, ty uld m t prt wm

wuld t v y mplt wl

brt. i ddt, t reni-jaza uld dt

mdl plt t bl r wm w d

brt.

i [wuld] prr t rly t reni-jaza rv

d ll t ry qupmt d md

t y i dt d t rv [pr

mdw, d rt jb r plly

m t k d lp by pr

md but i tk reni-jaza mr

xprd...


32/93


30

T prblm wt t [prl]

mdw mt tk m vt

tm bu vl rvt but reni-jaza wll

ty t vll; t t ywr

l. s i tk t d d t lp reni-jaza tt ty mprv tr wrk.

The orest becomes a protected areaBu t ppult xpdd qukly,

ppl r rty rpld. s mt u

v ddd t lr rt... Ppl t dvrd

tt rtd ld mr rtl t tl ld,

ty tu t lr rt.

Ltly, QMM (QiT Mdr Mrl ubdry R Tt m r lmt)m t t vll...

Ty d tt ty dd t rt t b prttd...

QMM lltd tur rm dvdul

t vll t t pprvl r t trr rt

mmt t tm...

T ll mmuty, l wt t ll ngo,

rtrd tr ppt t QMM pl t m

t rt. But t uld t prvt QMM rm

pprprt t rt rud st Lu... [Ty d]

drtt trtd st Lu rt t w tmt tk t...

Ppl st Lu blvd...ty wuld tll v

t t rt... s ty dd t pp t pl

vmtly u.

So many resources taken awayUrtutly, [ur] rdp v b tutd,

bu QMM d t llw t t rt y

mr... it tk wy my t rur

tt ppl d t ut tr lv...

Bu ppl r pr, ty d t rt...

itd buld u brk, ppl u

rt rur... sd, rtd ld rtl d

prvd d yld v, wt ptt d

r. Trr my rmr lr rt r

xpd tr rpld. Trd, t rt pr

my d t u mdl plt...

T ly t tt ppl r tll llwd llt rwd, but QMM rt urd

uprv y w wt t d tt...

s QMM rtrtd t t

ty v trutd ppl t vll t

ulyptu tr... T prblm wt ulyp

tt t t utbl r u trut.

pt md ut ulyptu r uk t t

ty lt mr t tr mt bu

d r t mptbl wt ulyptu; tt mu lty.

Another loss o incomei t pt, t ll mmuty md t

drtly; ty lltd rm turt vt

rt d t bdvrty. T umbr tur

rd vry yr, d w my r tu

m t dut t rr. su

mprv ppl m.

T bt v [w] dpprd... nwtf v td mt t ml lv

rt. s QMM wll lm tt ll t t

ml r tr...

i m t t lu tt ly t vrm

wrk ut dl t lm bk t ll mmu

rt it u ll r ppl t d

lttr d d t t t rptv utrt. M

u r lltrt... T ly pprtuty r t p

st Lu t xpr tr mplt

tru trvw lk t.


33/93

V O I C E S O F C H A N G E - I L A F I T S I G N A N A

Ilatsignana


34/93


32

i wt t l bt lt, d v r x.

i tk l lpd m t tk lrly.

i pt my ldd tudy, wt t p

u. i rd grd 9... T my prtuld

lr py r my dut, i d t drp ut.

i rturd m t my prt vll wr i wrkd

t lp tm. i rmd dur t dy d i wt

t t... W i rw up, i d t trt wrk d

tk r myl. hwvr, i tud t lp my

prt...

atr w yr, i bult u wl i trd t vmy t my ttl dpd... i mvd ut

my prt u. i trtd t py r my lt

d vryt i dd, lud d d mdl

xp. T, w i w but 20, i tld my tr

my tt t mrry. i tld m i w rdy t tk

r myl.

i t mrrd... W rd ur ldr, d ur lv

wr d. [My w] lpd m wrk t rm

d i tud t t...w wr

r t wrk rd t mprv ur lv.

Bruno

male, 43, Ilaftsignana


35/93


bktbut urtutly tr pr w t

nw t pr rd but vrly t

t ll bkt. i yu r luky, yu my d 15

dy...

stll, w r urd u by t r pr

tu... i u tt wtut t rvr d

rur, w wuld b dd by w.

Our river does not appreciate visitoMyb t dr [ ] l lkd t t

t rvr b vltd...bu t

vtr t ur vll. i blv tt ur rvr d

pprt vtr, bu t rbdd r v

t r t rvr r t t wr rd lt

i ddt, t rbdd t l lutrd

b, d plly prk t rvr. it

rbdd t w d...but vtr r

d t rpt t ady (utmry tb)

tk tt lmt mt t d

t dr ur prdut, but i tr

blv tt t t vlt t rul wll

T dl... l b prtly ud b

ltrty brut by QMM (QiT Mdr M ubdry R Tt m r lmt) t

vll, w rultd lt t

w r t ty prr drk r

rlly d but t mpt QMM wrkb

t tt ud t lk lv t rvr r r

t lt d v wum wyut t t

t dlt. it w dult t d ur rv

It is not surprising our cows diei r tt QMM wll rtrt t t rvr... i

kw wt wll pp t u... u rtrt

put pl. wt t wll b prbtd

wll b lt r u t d?

Wt pp tt QMM d t

ll mmut u t m rvr...

It was getting hotter andhotter

But ltr...i td tt t wtr d d

rm ur uul prdt, d t ry

wr trt vry lt... nt ly w r prdutftd, but l wt ptt d v. it

w tt ttr d ttr, w md plt

v ll... W i rvtd t, i dvrd

tt t rt d bm mllr, mprd t my

prvu rvt.

i trm r, i ud t llt tr t ur lr

bkt d w i rvt ly mll bkt.

T bvu tt t mk m k

t qut, Wt pp t t lmt?... [it ] d mpt ur l, bu ur

prdut dr d tu ur uld m

ftd...

i tk t r r u dr [l] lk

rll. oly r ld ltd t lw-ly pl

r r t ur mut trm tll rv

m wtr... ld d rmld upld r...

r dprvd wtr d trr t mpbl t

plt r tr...

W ud t v lt r t pt. nw w brly

rv u t rrt ur rmld. i m wrrd

but t : i prdt tt tr wll b d

rt d tt pvrty wll wr.

Without the river and ocean, we wouldbe deadour lv dpd t rvr ilt. s

rulturl prdut t u t ut u,

w tur t t rvr t d rur t ll, t mk

lttl bt my t urvv... But tk v

drd drtlly wll. stll, w trv t

ltrtv t rultur. Wtut , w mt b

b t trt.

Br...w uld t lt d ll lr


36/93


34

QMM u t rvr t pump wtr r t

trut wrk d rmr u t

rvr t d tr lvtk d t t ...

Yu w t dut rm tr trutwrk vr ur vrmt. Tr dut

vrywr; t r d t rvr r ll vrd by

t. Urtutly ur lvtk rz t r...

[d] drk rm t pllutd rvr. Trr t t

urpr w ur w d tr t tr...

hr ilt, ttl, tr ud t b 200

w but w i tk tr r but 60 lt...

W wt t v ur r ur lvtk, bu

t mpt QMM trut wrk [ wt]u tm t d Wr yt, w r rd

w d t vt tm r t trtmt r k

ml...

s tr tr ur wtr r bd t

rvr, w r rd t drk t. T ud ll

m t vllr wll.

The children go hungryi t rut tr, t rut tmtd r

pllutd by t dut, d mtm w t rut tt t l, w u ldr d dult t t

k...

al ur rut tr lr rw wll ty dd...

Prp t du t t mu u d lk r,

r prp t t dut d pllutd r wr w

urrtly lv. T w r ubl t prdu

rut u r d m... W uld t

mk y my tr w rut t ll...

[Bu ] t lk d ur vll...w r

rd t t rt Dup t buy t... W tk ur

t t ll tr... smtm w ly t m

lt wt t d tt uppd t b lu r

t mly; mtm w r tuk rt Dup,

bu w uld t ll ur prdut qukly...

dur t dy ur ldr, w rm t v

ury. Ty jut t udr t dy tr, w

r tr prt t br tm d.

We have to go elsewhere and nd j[QMM] tk t ld j d Pp [b

ty r t l t t qurry]. Ty dd

tm. Ty d tt t ld wuld rm

u, but i m urprd t t xtt t w

ld kp mv twrd ur r. W wt

t tm but t, d ty d tt ty wuld

bk t r utur t wrk t u. s

v t m.

W r d bu w v t rvd y m rtur r tt ld [r t qurry] b q

by QMM but [ly my r lt rp]... QMM

d u mvd t mr rwdd lt... B

t ppult rd...

W v t lwr d d prt-tm

t lp ur ml T pl wr i

prt-tm wrk r lmtd: i t d jb

Dup r y tr ty bu i d t kw

t rd d wrt. s i wll try t d wrk

t bur vll... Wrvr i d jbbu i v ltrtv...

T d p prblm...bu w w

prtd. My mly wll b d, d ty

vry dy, i m d t mly, t

m tr lv dly b. al, i...w

my mly.

hwvr, wt i d? i v t lv t

But t qu tt i t tk dr

my mly. a d t mly, i uld ty

vll.

Losing access to orest resourcesi t pt, tr w tk rt, but QM

tk vr t mmt, t t r


37/93


dmd... T md t dult r u t urvv,

ur lv dpd drtly rt prdut...

our ldr r t v dulty d

trut wd d ty lk my t buy t

lwr...

atr prblm t rtrt llt

rwd, dpt t b t prmry m by

w w k ur ml. [nw] ppl r bld t

t rt Dup t buy rl...

i i v vtr my u, ur utm t v

tm mt t t... nw i d t v upply

rwd, i t rpdly prpr ml... i m

bld t f t lk r t... [My vtr] mt lvwtut v t, w my ultur br

m m.

Benets rom new roadPpl r td tt QMM bult t rd

[Ty] trvl ly, d br tr rulturl

prdu, tr prdut d tr vy

mrd t rt Dup.

T rd v tm rm v t rry tr prdut

tr uldr d wlk t tw. al, vl w drv t ur vll t llt mrd d

ppl buy ur prdut, w bt t ll

ppult.

Cost o living changes customscr mrr utm... t pt...tr w

t sazozaza (w yu rl mmttd t mrry

r u). at t t, v tu t lttl rl tll

lv wt r prt, d yt [u

md], t t utur rm w py...

atr m tm, t rm pk t r prt

y tt tk tt t rl mtur u r

mrr... i t prt dtrm tt tr dutr

t yt rdy, ty tll m... uld tu t

wt... atr m tm, wll...ppr t prt

t rl , k r tr dutr

W t rqut ptd, ty prd t

mrr rmy. T rm prt br

3 ltr toaka gasy (llly brwd rum) pludrk, wll w r t brd prt

brd mly prpr ml r vrybdy. T

u r mrr rmy t pt.

nw, wvr, t ttlly dfrt. it

t prt w dd w wll b t pu

ldr dd w ty wll mrry... Bu

t lv...w w lbrt t m

utdr rtr t dr. T r t

t pbl umbr ut tt t qur t mxmum umbr t.

Tr pr xt t t upl w p

ut t t d tmt tr vlu. sm

r xmpl, upl llt 10 t 20 pt, 50 p

30 p d v w. T rprttv

mly [l] ut t my d...u

publly... T tr mly r wt jy b

t.

T l t t ur t upl ttr w l ttr wt mmum

dult. i t pt t w ly t upl p

w pd.

My children will ace a challenging Prt [lwy] lk r wy t lp tr ld

lv bttr l t ty dd, t tr ppu

t vll, kw w rd l , prtp

mrr rmy Ty tk t t

lp tr ut.

But i tk my ldr wll ll

bu...tr mr vt ld w

buld u r rm. i my ldr r t bl t

jb utd ur vll, ty wll

tur tm [try] t urvv.


38/93


36

W my tr w tll lv d

ld, i rmmbr vry wll t

w d... My mly ud t lv

Dup, bu my tr d jb...wt t

mmt mpy... W d t pprtu

t l tr utl rtrd, w my

rturd t t vll r ilt... My

t u t t l r, w w vry

dfrt rm t prvt ctl l

rt Dup.

Say Louiseemale, 38,

Ilaftsignana


39/93


My tr rmd trl ld r.

rm w prpru t pt

bu ld w budt d rtl, wtr r

rrt w budt... s [my tr] w vry

rdwrk, rmd vt rtd r wr pltd v d r. h rw t rp v

ur mly uld t um tm ll!...

My tr w klul [rm]. ay tm d,

mly w xtd bu w kw wuld

br m lt . h md pl t

r my brtr d m... Tr wr my p

ut tr d my brtr d i ltd t w

lkd d lt t tr ...

T m p wr sro, fambazaha d mazy

(typ rwtr ). W dd t d t ll

ty wr r ur w umpt... My dd...

uld buy lt r u w rvd mtly

p.

Making money while at schoolLtr ...my tr t m t akrm t tudy,

t jur l... o my rdprt ud

t v m r b rd i t ld t r

t mk my. Bu l w p ppluld v mt wy r t

i tll rmmbr tt i md 10 ariary... T pr

rdulu w tk but w xpv r tdy...

Bd ll t r, vry wkd i lltd t

rt t ry prwkl. i drd tm ut d ld

tm t lltr [r prmutl u].

A time o abundancei drppd ut l t grd 8. My mly ddd

t tt t w tm r m t t mrrd. i t pt,

prt t tr ldr t mrry t vry yu

...

atr w yr my mrr dd t wrk w

w ddd t t dvrd. i rturd t lv w

prt. Wl i w tr, m l kd

mrry m.

My d ubd wrkd r t sioR

mpyrm 6m utl 2pm. a

m, wrkd rmld. h w rdw

d bt u wr uul ultvt r

wt ptt... our l w rlly d...

our v pltt w uul wll. W

t plt [t v] rud t r wr

(QiT Mdr Mrl ubdry R

m r lmt)w dymt rk... Tru r t pt. o tubr v w

b pr t. R rp wr bud

t t vlblty rrt. W dd t v t

rtlr t prdu r.

My hardships startedT, w my tr pd wy, ur l

n w tr t lp u [t rm]... at

burl, mt t rp wr ud r u

xp.

i t prt. Urtutly, my ubd d

rumt. ard t trdt, t w t p

rpblty t tk r tr dutr w

v brt, t r ubd... [My mtr] w

rd t upply d r u... My ubd dd

r m t ll... s ll t d mpt m

d my rdp trtd tr.

Tr w d r t tt tm d i rm

ppl d r via rt ( typ plt) r

Ty d t trt t rt t mk tm

d t pu... Lukly, tt d rt

rt-lvd, t lk tdy w tr

tt lk d.


40/93


38

Our lie depended on shingLtr my ubd lt m d i

mrrd tr m... h d i wrkd ttr t

mk ur l uul. W md trp [rm r

d tk]... cllt t w t ll tbu tr w bud rur d

tr wr rtrt...

W k ur trp t rvr... erly t mr w

wuld k up ur t. i w wr luky, w wt

t rt Dup t ll t. T my...w ud t buy

d. our l dpdd vry mu . W trd

t rm but t ld wr w lvd w t rtl...

smtm t trp wr t uul; rultt mly uld ury... Ppl t dptd

trty: ty md t v dy, ty...

[vd m t] my t u t dy w

ty ut t.

Men are hard to satisy T, i t prt wt my d ld wt my

trd ubd. amzly, i d rumt wt

m... h ddd t bd m d wt bk t

x-w...

i trtd t wdr w ppl wuld lk t d

jud m; bu ty wuld tk...tt i ddt

kw w t dl my mrrd l. But i myl w

td tt vry tm i t prt, my ubd

bdd m. i tut i dd wll [ l ]

mrrd upl, but m r rd t ty...

i rturd t my prt m wt my ldr... i w

w l mtr; my rmr ubd vr rd

but u.

Success with a small businessi kw i d t mk t my w... i tut but

ll rut rt Dup, but rt i d t llt

t rut d i w brk. lly, i tlkd t my

rltv t vll, bu ty v rut

pltt. Lukly ty wr vry upprtv

i tld tm i wuld rmbur tm i

prt...

T i wtd t v my w ud tt iw t ptl d t trt rm my l. a

tlkd t my mly but my d t brrw m

i prpd t r t prt...wt t pr

wm i brrwd my. i trtd t llt

d t b ld t mrkt t ty... My

bu wt wll d i w ppy wt t

turd ut.

Wt my v, i ddd t buy bt t

trprt my d t mrkt. i t mtmprt , but t dd t tp m rm pd

my bt, d llt d ll my d

mrkt t vll rud r.

OvershingPpl ilt r w dprvd

rmld... a rult, tr r my mr p

lv f , d rur r lr

Ambatsyd sro r lmt -xtt. famb

r tll rud but t my...angora lo dva

wr y t t t pt but r lmxtt w... tookyr l rd t d...

[wr ut l] t r t pt

ppl v t r r tm dp lt

ty v ru wy...

cldr wll t kw wt kd p

tr rvr mu. i t, tu, tt mena ha

bm mr vlbl... ad tsikilibokyd

r t tt ppl tll t, but t v

t t dl t.

Traditions disappear with naturalresources

Trdtlly, ppl ud y w

rumd tr ldr; t [p ] r


41/93


t b vary hsy (drd t trl p)

d d t b kd u vandagnira ( ulwd).

But urtutly, t ld utm r lr

prtd... hw ppl plt vary hsyw tr

wtr t rrt tr r pdd?

Ppl t d t ry rur y mr...

hw wll ppl b bl t d y w

t t rt rtrtd, d [t rt tl]

dppr?...

coLas ( r trut mpy) tr dw

ur mut wr t rt rw... Tt wr

ty qurry t rk t upply tr trut

wrk... it mz t w ty tt tmut. our ldr wll dy t vry xt

t mut m dy...

nw, ppl jut k dtr t rum tr

ldr wtut b rmy. nt ly d t

rur dd r u rmy lr xt,

but [ppl] l lk t my t prvd d d

drk [r tr ut].

What we have let is unproductive

landour ld, plly t ld tt w rtl, w

pprprtd by QMM. r xmpl, my mly d

r pddy tt d tuu wtr upply. it vr

drd ut, v dur vr drut. Urtu

t w tk rm u.

T m t ppd wt ur v rm

Tt ld w rtl d my mly uld lwy t dpt lk r bu t w lt

l r rtd ld. Wt w v lt, r

t mt uprdutv ld dy wt

utrt...

Ppl r uppd t plt r tr tm

but du t t lk r d lmt p

v t b bl t plt r r lmt y

it rt t tk wt wll pp.

Water pollutionW l v u rrd ur dr

wtr... rt, bu t drut t upp

dmd. sd, t tmtd bu

tm t dymt xpld, t d dut

t... our drk wtr [m] rm wll d t

vrd...

oly ppl w lt tr m bu

trut wrk wr v wtr tdpp

pl wr ty wr mvd. ev t pmpl but t ut upply, du t

drut. Ty y wll tt t wtr t

t wll md, bu lt ppl u

smtm t tp brk ly w mt

t tlld.

Air pollutionDymt xpld tw dy, t 12pm d 5pm

rd r t qulty t r w brt

r r ur lt...

My ldr lwy u lt... Ty t

t. My bby ly x wk ld but

u ev dult ur vll l w

k ll t tm... W v t d

lt r lk t br...


42/93


40

Ppl dt v t my t py r

mdl trtmt. T rt ptl

rt Dup d tt r wy. i p tt

ptl wll b bult ur vll... i l tk tt

ppl uld t wt utl ty t k br ty t dtr. Ppl my vll d prvt

prrmm, r xmpl prttd drk wtr...

T vrmt d QMM mut b ld utbl

t mk ur tt t lt ppl lt tk r .

Positive and negative change Tr r ptv u mprvmt

t u Rd v b rprd d wdd.

Trvl t ur m r y mr. Tr v prjt t buld w rd t akr w wll

mprv ur vll d rt w ppl d

d.

But trm t dtrbut my rtur r

ur ld, myb m ppl my vll wuld y

t w ptv, but i wuld t y ... W my mly

rvd t my, t ld w ur trl

ld, vry mly mmbr d t r t...

our ld w l udrvlud bu tvrmt d tt w dd t v rp t

w ty tk t. Ty lmd tt ur ld w t

prdutv d tu w t wrt mu. hwvr

ur ld w vt d rtl W rvtd lt

rp u r, wt ptt d v, d

t rp d t mly truut t yr.

Tr w qulty t dtrbut my

wll... Ppl w d rut tr tr ld rvd

lt mr my.

hw i y i v btd by rv t my,

my tt dd t v lt yr, but ly mt?...

Wt tt my, i d t buy d, py r my ldr

mdl xp, mt dly d u lt, l,

rwd d w tt rwd t vlbl y

mr, i d t buy rl rm rt Dup.

Too many people doing the sameactivitiesW i rvd my r [ t mpt] pl t mk d u t...t p mll

r r my ldr d u t rt r d

tr wr t my ppl d t m t

tu t l wr bd. i t d, i d t

my w d by t d t dy bu

but tm; i uld t mk prt...my p

t rw but td dmd.

Ppl w rvd my rm QMM

r tr ld, d t w dd t rv mbu tr ld w t ludd t

pprprtd by QMM t d ll r xpr

rdp... Wt t rt rup, t my

pt qukly. Wt t d rup, tr l

uprdutv du t t lk r nw v

rl .

I our children are illiterate their utwill be darki i v u my, i p my ldr

ud tr dut tt ty urlvld.

But i t d my t d tm t

l bd bu t i m putt my l

utur jprdy... Myb w wll trv t mk

tt t lt tw my ldr wll ud, t

ur mly utur.

i ur ldr r lltrt, rtly tr utur w

drk, bu ty wll t b bl t d jb

dt v yt l lt bu ur tr

b pprprtd by QMM. T utur

wll v...wr pprtut tr

lv.


43/93


My m srly. i v x ldr d tw dutr

W w wr yur, l w d d

rm w uul bu tr w

r. crp wr budt d m wr lt

bu ppl uld t um tm ll.

rm prdut pr du t t lk r

ppl ury

My tr t u t ctl l,

ilt Ltr , ur l w trt ambb

i tk t rtt lmtry dut

d ld. lly, i tld my tr tt i wt

tp bu i w lt t trt wrk. My

wtd m t tu my tud

i t d, my tr ptd my pl.

Sirilymale, 42, Ilaftsignana


44/93


42

Building up resourcesi w rd by ldr t vll t

r ttl. i tld m i wtd my lry t b

w pr yr atr yr, tr pr rd m.

i wrkd tr r tw yr [t] i t trjb... atr my urt yr, i d lltd ur w

r my tr...

i t trtd t rm. i d t l t rt t lr

m ld Ppl kpt k m wt i wuld d

wt my rp, bu i d pltd my v...

i brut tm t ambb t ll i utd

t my tr tt i pur w wt t my

d [ttr] w purd temboay(yu w)

r 4,000 ariary.

Marriage and responsibilityW i w rud 18, i w trtd ringa (

ll m) i w tll yu i jut dd wtvr i

wtdd my tr ddd t d w r

m. i tld my tr tt i w tll t yu.

h dd t r. Wt uld i d? Ppl t pt

rptd wt tr prt d, i mrrd, but

bu i w tll yu, 20 yr ld, i w ly

mrrd r wk t i lt t d mltry rv.

My w rmd t vll wt my prt.

Dur my mltry rv, i w pud vry

t bu...i wt m my tm, lp

utd t mpud. My tr tk pty m d

ddd t t m ut tr tr t mt

W i rturd m, i d t my rpblty

t lk tr my w.

W dd t v ld utl tr yr lv

ttr. i rmd d d t rt m t

upprt my mly. My t rm t rvr w

budt

i blvd i w tr u t t wll.

s i kd m my rltv ambb,

bu ty lrdy d xpr

ty wuld pt m tm-mt

wlmd m wrmly d w ll trtd

rd ttr.

i td tt t m i md rm

ll rd w r t rm

rvr. [T] my u utd tt w x

lbtr t wll. atr t lbt

ly tr dy, i uld pur w... i t

t lbtr d t r tr y

Rewards bring dangero dy, w d dtd rly drw

i dd t wrk r m tm utl i d rv T i wt bk t t lbtr: i w d

[o] i w trd, i lppd d ll dw

t rk. i lt ll my t d my tl.

i ddd t k ut t pl wr i ud t

t rvr. i w lt ppl d vry wll

s i d t myl, Myb i uld bk t w

i w , bu t vry d

Tt w i m bk t ilt...

Say otsy (p ud t t rvr mwr t w ut Wm d rd

lt tr bkt bu ty wr lwy

nw my ppl kw w t t tm,

umbr drd lt. i ddt...t z

typ t [v d], w m

utblty.

Working togetherT w d ; wt tw ldr i d t

my m i d d i tud t rm. a

p lld mazy m t r. P

wr xtd but t tm.

i v my t my w t pur mazy t

uld ll tm. i ddd t dd ur [tr]

t t d ll tm rt Dup, r


45/93


prt. i tld my w tt t w mprtt tt

d i wrkd ttrt mprv t qulty ur

lv...

i wuld t rt Dup rly t mrt ll ur . i w trd, but i trv t mk t

u. a rult, w d my but w wr

rt lp i uld t kp up wt my rm

tvt my w d i d t r m ppl t

wrk ur ld d w d t k ur rltv r

lp wt plt r.

Tw trtd t rmpd w ll d

u.

Fathers death brings hardshipT wrk p i mpd my ltk tll

my bdy... smtm i d t tp wrk r

tw wk t trt myl d rvr.

My rdp td w my prt wr ldr

d my tr pd wy. Truut t tm i

w wrk, my prt rd my ldr. i lt my

ldr wt tm, d my w d i wrkd. But

w my tr t wt m y mr, d my l

d.

i d t dut rtul r t url my tr

i d t lutr vrl w rdr t rpt

ur trdt evryt w d bult up w

wt m. Wt w dd vd w tv mmt

rm ur bur, w uld v rtd wt

w dd r t url ur prt.

Overcoming setbacksW d t wrk rd br my mly t bk

trk... i d u t. it wt wll utl i w

dd wt yt... lly, my w ddd t

tk m t t ptl [r] urry d i rmd

t m t rvr r x mt.

Lukly, i d tut my w w t llt

t d tr tvt i w d rld

tvt l, w wuld v ufrd lt,

i w pbl wrk. T w d ur

ld. i tll lt t wk t , i tld my wtu wt r wrk.

Dur tt tm, w rd tt QMM (QiT Md

Mrl ubdry R Tt m r lm

d tlkd t ur vll , y tt

dd mply i d t myl, Myb

wuld b pprtuty r m i

y mr. Urtutly, t ptly

tr mt

atr [] r t rt tm l w

i w rurd tt my urry dd t v

y wrr i tld my w tt ur lv wu

bk trk srmp [wr tll] bud

prdut d trtd t dr [d

vry w d w uul.

Now I work or a oreignernw ur ld b tk rm u, v b

vrmt t QMM. [at rt]

t b rwrd u bu t mjrrm t rd by QMM, tr wr

ppl t d tt w w i uld m

mk qut d t

Ltr, QMM trtd t buld t prt. Ty dy

t mut rby d coLas (

trut mpy) trtd t rd bu

T tvt v d mpt ur lv

nw i wrk r rr i w [d t v

ur mly ufr, bu tr my t

m t t d t mt t

v ppl mr xbl tm t wrk rud

u [wr] i mut wrk vry dy, t

i wt rv ull lry...but t

prblm wt tt t t


46/93


44

uprdtbl, d dpd rt dl

dtd w v

rd tm ur t mly.

People have to be pushed to the limitto risk anythingMy w lltd r d l d t

u t vr tr d. Ppl d t v

v u my t pur ll t d ty

d

[i t pt] t my rtd rm d

rm w vd, d w t ud t pur

d r md... ad y w k, w wuld

llt mdl plt t trt tm. T lrpbl bu t plt wr pprprtd

l wt t rt...

nw vryt t my... it vry ll t

d my t py r t dtr d t trtmt

Ppl t brrw my rm tr rltv r

bur y mr bu ty dt v ld

r rp t u lltrl

i t d, ppl wt tll t lt d, utl t

ptt dy, br ty dd t br [tmt] dtr Ppl v t b pud t t lmt

t d r rk yt, bu t lk my.

i t d t trtmt t mr, bu t

ll tk tm t l td b trtd t

t b.

Our land lost its sanctityRvr v mprtt rl ur lv. r u

ilt, ppl v t Vtvdr rvr,

wr ty prrm tr trl trdt

Ppl l v pl pl, lld Mlt,

wr ty dut rtul rm [r k]

lp r xmpl, m w d k ld

wt tr t pry

Ppl md pt tt y tm tr pryr

tru, ty wuld m bk d dt my

togny ( trdtl tl, wr ppl py r

t tr tr). Ppl wuld dt u

tud [ ariary] t w tr rtr mtm br p d lutr

But rtly, t tl w dtryd, by uk

ppl; qu, ur pryr pl l

vlu. i tk tt wy rr uld t

r, bu ur ld lt t tty.

Proound consequencesPpl dd rv my rm QMM r

r tr ld but t my w t u

vry. My rdprt v my ldrt ld tt w tk bld t ur

t t l pr, y ddd

tt tr d t rv m t m

s w r Mly w v t rpt t

v lr mly

Ppl rdp wuld v b l t m

frd by QMM w mpd by tr m

[ mk lv] u p ld, w

ppl uld rm t bk up t my rm Q

Urtutly, t my b t ly rppl v t d, i m rd t w

ud up.

Wt mk ur tut wr t lk r

dt tk t pr t rr r

t t lk r. i tk t gd d w

t r m r t. But i tk t

qu ld pprprt by r

ft ppl lv mr dply t ty

vr m...

T ur ur drk wtr, wll, p

dw rm rt t rt, w f

by t dut rm dymt xpl... [P

mpldt QMM. T QMM bult

tdpp vll But v kd jut p


47/93


Our children seem not to have abright utureMy ldr wll ufr mr, bu [t l

rvd bt my rm QMM but ty w

tur tm. Ppl ilt r t p t pr. s ur utur rt wll d

t. i tk ty wll d m rmld

prt wdy d tr ldr t

ty lk u my t py r tr du

ll t wy t t r rd

sm ppl tll v my rm QMM py

d m tr wr rd t wrk r

hwvr, QMM tp r m dy, t

rdp wll b xpd our ldr

m t t v brt utur.

wt t tdpp brk tmd

x tm

r t bt ur utur rt, QMM l

bult mll l t vll.

Relocation brings new tensionssm t urrd w ppl rm dfrt

pl wr rd t lv ttr lt.

Br, ly rltd mly mmbr lvd ttr

mlt, but w t ppl v t lv

ttr d t ud t tr pr

bur.

R lvtk vry ll wll bu

tr t u p... a lt ppl purd

ttl tr ty rvd tr mymy w

d bu ty ury irlly, r

rw wt t ld pprprtd by QMM yt t

prbtd r ll ppl t lt tr lvtk rz

tr.


48/93

V O I C E S O F C H A N G E - A M B I N A N I B E

46

Ambinanibe


49/93


Br, i uld y tt my l w

d. arultur d wr my

upt... i ud t rm my ld tr tm

yr d rvtd lt rp; wvr, t t

pbl y mr bu t vrmt tk ur

ld. Tu, ppl r dprvd tr ld t rm,

rult d urty... i ddt...smtr,

mprtt ur r u vllr, w

prbtd r ...

ev tu i rvd my rtur r my ld,

i tut t w t u. T my w pt

buld u d buy m tm tt i

dd r my dly l. Wr tll, t my dd

t lt [y tm]... ev w t wrk r r

mp, t wuld t b utbl tvty

tt wuld lp u rvr. Yu uld t rd y

tm, yur mr wtd.

I lost the real value o my land

T wy my ld w murd w t r, buty ly tmtd my ld ur td

tully mur t T tmt w bd

ut t umbr tp l t wdt d

lt. Wy ddt ty u prpr rulr? r m, i

wt trpry... i lt t rl vlu my ld...

i mpld v dfrt . But r

tr b wr. rt, typrmd

tt ty wuld v my mut tt w

pprprt t t rtur my ld; but my

ppl wr t td wt t my ty

rvd. i ddt, m my ld w t

rtrd udr my m w ty md tr

tmt. i w dpptd by t. itd ty

wd m tlv; ty lmd m my

rmld. nw, i tk tt tt lm w

jut ud publty r tm, td

bt m.

Jean-Claudemale, 39, Ambinanibe


50/93


48

W rtd ld rm ur tr...

s t ld uld bl t ur xt

rt but v t urrt tut, i dt

tk my ldr d rdldr wll jy t.

Food security at risk[i t pt] ddt t my wt ptt, i

rvtd my r rp. T rp uld lt x t

v mt. i rvtd r tr tm yr. i

m ttlly vd tt t my i rvd

rtur r my rmld w t lttl. i tk ty

tk dvt my lltry...

i m t try t blk QMM (QiT Mdr

Mrl ubdry R Tt m r lmt)prjt but t d urty my ldr t

mt mprtt t t m. i m rdy t t

[t lw] t prtt my ld... but i m bt rd

t xut my pl du t lk kwld. i

ptd t x [ my r ld] bu

i ddt kw xtly wt w .

Loss o shing areassmtr b l t u... smtr d lt

rur. W ud t t 20 rk wt ur

t. ev ppl w jut vtd smtrr rt tm uld t but 1 kl lbtr. a

r u, w ut 3 t 4 kl pr dy. i tk tt

t rur uld v b rtd by ur

ldr d ur xt rt...

Br t rr (QMM) m r, smtr

w ur m ur m. Dur t wtr,

rm My t auut, w d smtr r

tr t ur mt, t w wtd bk t

Bvv... T wt w bd

t wd drt, w ftd dt.

smtr d Bvv wr lk r d r d

v. i w t v tdy t w t r

t xt dy, d r t dy tr...

W d but 30 mtr-wd r. But

tk vr t pl [t trut t prt], t

rdly ywr t mr ur bt bu t

v r du t QMM wrk. our bt m

Bvv ufrd rm t mpt wv, rk tt jprd tr utur prrm

Tr ud t b but 400 bt Bvv, bu

tr r ly 20...

our frt r uprdutv v w buy

bt bu t wd tt blw rm t

d t t r rlly tr, w mk t w

v trr d urtr brk up ur bt

r bm dd du t r

w mk lv bt tr mpbl.rult, ppl mut lt tr bt rm t

t r rud.

Our government underestimates usmtr t ly ur trdtl

but l ur rmld. ard t mt

myr rt Dup, w w br

TV, ty d ty wuld buld mllr

r u rm t u smtr, w

trtd rtrt t smtr. nw,

t t bu w r t llwd y t ll.

i d rd tm blv tt ty wuld bul

rbur r u, bu ty d lrdy rtrt

rm llt rwd smtr... Bd

xpdd tr pprprt ld twrd

rm rmld, tt lr t ur

tmb...

currtly, ty r prd wt t ly

budry mrkr. i kd [tm but t]

i w tm mur t ld rud r.

rp w tt ty wr mur t r

t ld. But t ty mrkd t bud

t ld]. i tk ur vrmt udrtm

vllr.


51/93


We are not livestocki wll b trul i dt v t smtr.

Tt my ur m. i ur vll wt

t l. ev tr r ppl wt dut,

ty my t b bl t d jb. nwdy, vppl w v dr t d jb, lt l

t w r lltrt... W r t lk lvtk t

b rtrtd t tbl; w r um b w

v rt t lv rmlly... Wll l ur rur

t vrmt rtrt Bvv t. Wr t ?

Yu vr kw wt t vrmt d t

rr r pl... at t b ty

trtd buld rd; trwrd ty bult tr

rd tt ld t smtr. W tut ty mr r m rulturl tvt, but w wr

wr. o w d t lttr, ur rmld

bm tr prprty.

Most o the money was used to payback our debts

T rt t i dd w t buld u bu i

kw tt t mpt my wuld t lt

l... s t lt i v u r my mly. i l

bult tr u, 6 mtr l, rm t my

i rvd...

i tbl bt rm my my... But i

l d t py bk my l wt trt

rt. s tt wy i ly bult u 6 mtr l.

My m rm w but 10,000 t 30,000

ariary vry tm i d t . s i mpr

t m wt t my i rvd rtur r

v up my ld, i tk i lt ut b wy...Mt

t my w ud t py bk ur dbt...

My m drd rmuly [wt t l

rud]. Trr, i d t tk ut l t

vd m r my mly. i d ... nw tt

t tvt r rtrtd d w dt

v ld t rm, w r xpd t l rk.

Empty promisesi wuld v lkd t [my ldr] rv

dut. i m lltrt i dt wt t t

t m tut i m...but i wt my

t tudy, i mut d tm t rt Dup. Tmpbl r m bu i dt v m

d tm t tudy tr. i t vrmt w

lp u, ty uld buld l ur vll

i wuld vry mu lk t vrmt t tk

t lp u... W, t ll mmuty, v l

v up t mpty prm l

tm. cddt prmd t rbltt ur r

Wt ty dd w tt ty trtd t rd d

r m r ty uld t t. itdlld t p l wt d, mk d

wr...

W wr v prm tt ty wuld

ltrty t ur r, l wt trt lt

r t mpty prm. T

t prm v by ddt [td

lt.

The bus service enlightens our live

i m rlly ppy [but t bu rv]. i ivy b t rry d i v my, i tk

bu. r xmpl, tdy my w t r b

v by bu. s wlkd bu dd t

u my t rd rl. But t lp

rmuly bu td wlk wt

ld, w uld d r b by bu.

W lwy tk t bu wvr w v

my. i tk t xt t bu

lt ur lv ambb bu

lk w lvd drk z urrud lmp

Tr r rmt vll u srmb

alpty tt v ptl vlbl t

rdt; i tk t tm r ambb t

t bu rv t w tt w t r

try t mprv ur lv.


52/93


50

My l ud t b d, jut lk

vry l t vll. i lvd f

tvt...

b trdt rm rt t

rt t vll. i ddt t ,

ppl rmd. am t my rp tt rw

wr wt ptt, pumpk, b d mz.

Ppl wr uul w ty rmd, but

w t prpl ur m r my...

T prpl pl r smtr...

ay tm t dt Bvv wr bd,

rm wt t smtr. T prblm

Bvv tt dt r uprdtbl. Ty

ttly: wt l ur

t dt uld rm d

t bd, r v vr...

Sambomale, 46, Ambinanibe


53/93


ev tu rm wrk rd t t

d t, ty t mt wt

ty wr bl t d smtr. rm

ly mk 5,000 ariary rm dy ; rrly

ty mk up t 20,000 ariary. it m t b lt my but rm t vry dy

Bvv, tu ty r ubl t urt tuty

m.

Boats damaged or swept awayi w yu uld ppl wrk smtr

ll dy l tt yu uld ttt tt dd

smtr w t pl r rm.

s rm lt tr t smtr, tyd but t u Bvv dk... My

bt v b dmd by tr wv d m

tm v t wpt wy. am udrd

bt Bvv, but 20 bt r lt w. T

tut rlly dvtt r rm d tr

ml.

nw, t ly r ppl t llwd t

smtr, but ty r l t llwd t rm

d llt rwd vr tr... [Wt t l

t ] pvrty wll b tutd d lt ppl wll trv t dt.

Underpayment or landi kw wt tr tk w ty r tt ppl

ambb rvd my rm QMM (QiT

Mdr Mrl ubdry R Tt m

r lmt). Ty tk tt ppl ambb

r w r. Lt m v yu xmpl w

t xtly Ppl dd t rv wt ty

xptd.

My tr lt u, my tr bl d m, mll

p ld... atr QMM pymt t u 500,000

ariary, w d t plt t my t v prt,

bu w d t v 100,000 ariaryt ur mtr.

s u t rvd 100,000 ariary...

i dd t wt t rt t m u,

i rvd t my i d t rm my

w mu my my tr ld w vlud

d t rv ly 500,000 ariary r 3.5 t

ld, plly w tt ld w rtrd tr m.

i tk lk kwld ddvt, b

my bl d i uld t ru t dmtr

rl vlu my tr ld. s rt w, w

d but wt ppd.

Euphoria was short-livedaywy, vrybdy t vll dd mprv

u; tt wy t lk t vll dfw. i uld y tt t vll

Dur t trut t, yu uld p

ppy . Ty wr ll wll t mprv

lv. Rt w, lmt vry lv rru

t u...

hwvr, t upr w rt-lvd bu

buld u ppl wr bk t rlty:

t t tmrrw? it uy t tk tt

u, but trv t dt. smt

ppl tr mprvd m, yw tm bu ty r udrurd.

Newspaper slurs the communityi m ld t v t pprtuty t xpr

d d r, wll t prblm m

i mut lt tm ut my d tt i wt

d. i i kp ll my r my tm

i my rk v br blly [ laughs]. i m t

drkr i mut lt tm ut. i tk t

xpr d td kp tm d...

Ppl t vll wr d w ty l

tt wppr publd w rrd t

ppl ambb pt t my r

rm QMM... it d tt ppl pt

tr my br. n, t w wr.


54/93


52

Ppl pt tr my mt

tt uld lp tm tr

rdp... i ddt [t buld u], my

ppl lld tr mrr d m tr

rtrd t brt tr ldr

urtrmr, ppl l d t rw tr bt

bu ty d lmt lt. i my , i

wtd t pur tw w bt. i d lrdy

bult u d tr u r my

ldr, i purd lt r my ldr, d

d uld urtur...

i w ppl w y bd t but u uld

t trul w d t wrk w mut d tmt ur lv. nw, i l lk ld lt bd

by mtr, l rt.

No one thinks about migratingT prblm tt ppl t vll v wr

pprtut...w t m t rt m...

i tk lk kwld m ppl t vll

trbutd t t rdp tt ppl r

v. Wm t vll r t bl t ut

tw d trd. Ty jut rly tr ubd

t t m tt ty ll tm tmrkt.

cldr t vll trt tr lv by ut

t t vry yu . T b prblm:

ty dt wt t rtur t l tr wkd

bu ty wr mk bt my.

i tk t t tt ppl r t ud t mrt

d d pprtut utd t vll p

prblm w...

i m t bl t t ilkk ( ppr-m tw

t rd t Tulr). i t lt w i utd t

vll bu i w t brut up t ywr

xpt t vll. rud r b my

l

n tk but mrt, dpt t rd

tt w ll dur r. T t vll w

tr ud t lv d w td t rm

r bttr r wr... i u t l t d wt

lvld prt... n rdy t lv b

t pprtuty t t .

The doctor does not live in thevillagei tk t prblm [ d] m rm

lk tlt d t t tt ppl u

p t ty tr d. l br m

vrywr

QMM lpd wt t trut [

tr] Ppl wr ppy but ty wuldb ppr QMM d bult t lt tr

r ambb... ad t dtr d t

t vll. h lv rt Dup, t t

t dy m... Ppl r wrrd

ty v t wt utl t xt dy t b bl t

t dtr t vt mry t

ev t, t dtr d t rrv tm.

s i tk t bttr ambb lt

wt dtr wll t lv r... i l tk

dtr w wrk r uld b bllkbl. Bu mtm dtr r t

vllr.

The road will bring developmentT rd ud t b dy, d t m r

xd t... i t pt, wvr t rd, t w d

r vl t m r, drvr vd

vll... Ppl wuld v lkd t v rd

t m dt QMM rd, but wl

Ppl r kw tt ty t x t

bu ty lk qupmt, ty r tk

t t rr w lpd t vllr

bttr t v t mprvd t t t ll. i

ppl r vry ppy bu t rd wll

br dvlpmt t t vll.


55/93


Obstacles to education T l w t bult rt r t vll

uld mtr t wrk y tr.

i ddt, tr ty rvd my rm QMM,

my prt t tr ldr t tudy t bttr

l u t Mrll l, ru by... u, rt prvt l rt Dup. su mrt

lt t l t vll wt wr tudt.

urtrmr...t tr w t mmttd. i dt

tk w ru u t t ldr rm

t r... s, du t t lk mt, t

wdr t l trtd t brk dw. i w

t l w bult ambb tt t ll

mmuty uld mtr prr...

T ll mmuty pl t tlk t t d t

dut rv rt Dup (cisco) t rqut

ddtl tr. But wt ppl rlly wt lp

wt uttl bu t br ldr rm t vll t

t l rt Dup r t t l Mrll.

i kw lt wm w wk up rud 4m

t prpr brkt r tr ldr d t

wlk tm t l. T rd tm d tm-

um... sm prt v ddd t rt

u rt Dup tt tr ldr tytr t wk.

Sacricial rites Tr r my r wy ppl dut

r rmy. r xmpl, w rul

vr tvt r vltd, r w

m d x wt wm w l t

mly, u u, r w mbdy wt

bl rm r r tr.

Ppl l dut r rmy w ty

v rltv w l dr du t ll.

T mm t m t rm tt

w mut b lutrd d m t w

bld ud dur t rtul.

Ppl l dut r rmy

ty jud tt tr prdut dr

rm kw t prd w p

bud. i tt d t pp,

um tt rul vr tr r

b vltd... i tk tt m lt rr r ru r vl prt wvr

prt l trtd ty d wtvr t

tt mr rur wll t b vlb

rm.

rm d mpisorona (ldr t v

d prr) t dut t rmy r

T l t rtr t vlu t

lt tt v b vltd, tt pp

t my rur rm t u d lbtr.

Lie goes ons smtr t pbl y

i pd mt my tm wdr l

r. smtm, w i d my ur

m rd t llt ut rut d ll tm

T ld ambb t utbl r my

Ly d m d t rw r p

v but t plt ut. hwvl ut lp ppl t mk m m

tr t bd. Tr r lamoty, vontak

nato rut tr rw t r wll, but

r jut r ll umpt...

My ut l lp t br d t my u

My ldr jy prpr t ml d w

t pl v r r, vrybdy my

ppy t r m ml ttr, tt

mprtt. T wt i d wl wt

dt Bvv t mprv. Wt gd

i wll tmrrw d br

m t r t mly d r l;

t l .


56/93


54

i m l prt. i v w mly

mmbr d my ldr lp m

my l. i v x ldr: ur d tw

dutr...

W r ll lltrt r. s wt w d

d w ll ur t rt Dup; w pur

d r ur mly rtur, u v d

wt ptt. W dt v y ur mxpt t , r xmpl Bvv...

[tu] w dt mk mt ur t tr.

Ulk smtr tt wr w t lr t

lbtr, , deda ( typ ll) d ll.

our lv dpd t rur...

T v Bvv tt w t wd

blw rm t ut lk tdy, t tsiokatsimo

(wdy ), ur ldr [w ] rm

r bu t dt r rlly bd.

eldrly prt lk m rly rtly ur ldr t

upply d bu w r t ld t

.

Rosetteemale, 54, Ambinanibe


57/93


Ppl ambb r wll t wrk; t

rdwrk... our ldr w wdr

wtut jb...tw m r umplyd.

The story o changeat t b, m wrk r QMM m

t tlk t ur vll ... rqutd

[ld] wr ty uld buld rd, d t l

smtr wr ty r w buld t

h xpld tt t ppl w wuld rv

bt rqut wr tr t

ldr. Kw tt, ppl rd. Ty wr

xtd tt rqut wuld br dvlpmur vll d...[tt] ur ldr wuld w

pprtuty t tudy d t jb...

T m tud t mk rqut vt t

vll. suddly, ud tt upr

pld t buld u d wuld fr [bu

jb t ur ldr. Ppl trtd t wd

rmdd m tt rlly m r t

r rd d pl t buld prt d

tt rqut d td t u trut

el wr ur rmld .

T rpdd tt ty wuld t ppr

t ld el r r. Ppl wuld t

wt m my, d, u t mk

ppy.

Negotiations and regretssm u wr ptl d dd t wt t

tr rmld r my... m wr v

tt rr wr vlvd tk ur

tr w wy t pp tm, t w bt

pt tr fr [ my]...

i ddt pt t d tm tk el

u. i kd my llw rmr wr ty

wuld llt tr vtbl tr

rmld w ?

We have no way out nowsmtr w t rm wt r

pdd r t rmr, d t utd tr lv...

L t smtr w trrbl t. Wv wy ut w. i ddt...w t mk

d t u t [typ ] t mpd

u bu [t l r t b]. urtrmr,

tk v drd trmduly...

W ud t dk ur bt aktktky; but

ty bult rd rm ilt, wr t QMM

(QiT Mdr Mrl ubdry R Tt

m r lmt) qurry , t smtr, wr

ty r w buld prt, w t dktr y mr... our bt wr lwy ur w

mrd tr [but w] ppl r rd t dk

tr bt Bvv. a rult, but 400 bt

wr dmd du t t vlt wv tr.

ev ty tk smtr, ty uld lt ppl

tu t rm t rm ld rud tr

tt t rr dd t u r tr u

trut... But QMM urty urd tt

prvt ppl rm t ld, lud

t rtd r tt ll wt QMM dlt...nw ppl ambb r rd t wlk t

rt t llt rut d rwd.

We were not ofered jobs T rr (QMM)...uld v t lt v

rm t aktktky. itd, ty

pvd vr wt tr m pl tt w dd t

t rmld d r; d tr rd

trut tu up t tdy

it wuld v b dfrt ppl ur vll

wr frd jb t wrk t prt trut

smtr, rtur r ur rt; td,

ty rd ppl rm adrmk, Try, Tlr

d atrv, dtt vll d t. Ppl

ambb lt tr rmld, but wr t

frd jb...


58/93


56

W ddt kw tt t wuld d lk t...

tr wt ppd, ty d frd jb t

ldr, t wuld v b dfrt. sm

m, i uld l wdw d wp r, j

v ur m.

Unsustainable shing driven bypovertyUlk t pt, w w lltd rmp

, ur rvr dt prdu u r

t lp u. nw w brly t u

w umpt. U lr t u

t... a lr t t ly t b

but l t mllr tt uld b llw

rw d rprdu ppd t t pt, ppl ud t ly tr r z...

Ppl l u t wt ttr wv w,

t mqut t, t t my p

T typ t t l wt tr

Ppl l dtry t btt by tk l

t rvr. Ppl d t t wrp tr t

r tr t... sm lk m w

t v t, i ly u trp t upp

mly wt d.

i l d but t, but yu kw, t rd t

m t tp u t bu tt t

wy upply d r mly T p

w u lr t [dy d t]

Myb t rm wll lt t vr

l, but ly t ppl ur vll try t

tm, ty wll vr lt. Tt udrt

bu tt tr jb: t d tr m

t vrmt fr tm jb, t uld b

ltrtv.

Further threats to sh stocksi m ld tt ppl my r (t lwr p

t vll) d t u t kd t d

ppl r t bd qu

Dpt ppt rm m u,

tr pl t pprprt ur ld mvd

rwrd. Ppl wr kd t rmt. s

tr t ty m t mur t ld. amzly,

ty murd ur ld u tr w p, [tpby tp], w i tk w pprprt v t

z ur ld...

lly, t tmt w d. Ty ud

tlv T d Tlr d rt Dup tt

t pymt w but 40,000,000 ariary. s w

w rd t, ppl d, oK, 40,000,000 ariary but t

w t t d yt, but tll TV... [W] rvd

mu l t wt d b ud...

sm t ppl wr ppy wt t my, d

m tr mmdtly rrttd t, rl tt

t mut ty d rvd wuld t lt l

u t d tr rdldr t wy tr

rmld wuld v d.

We didnt know that it would end likethisW t tmt ur ld w d, ppl

rm ur vll mpld lt but t rult.

Ppl wt t t Prt d R d tmyr rt Dup, d QMM. Ty d t

pr ur ld t 100 ariarypr qur mtr. Tr

xu w tt r llw ld, t pr w lt

pr. But i kw tt el ddt v llw

ld bu ppl rmd xtvly tr... i

tk t w wy t rdu t vlu ur ld...

r m, l prt, i dd t t u rtur

r my ld. i rtd mu ld rm my prt...

yt wt v p ld, i uld t v buld

u wt t pymt i rvd r tm... i tk

t uld v b vlud rbu t rp

tt i prdud t pt w wrt mr t t

my i w pd.


59/93


The river was sacredi t pt, my tr, my tr rd

md Rmdr, d ltr Mrty, v

bl t ur rvr d t rud ur vl

My tr wr t rt t m r. Ty tlr rtd ld d t ppl rrvd

tm, bu ty dvrd tt tr

budt rur rby. T vll xp

lttl by lttl.

evr i rmmbr, t w rbdd

dp rubb t rvr it tb t

mt d w pt t rvrv m

t prk mut l ml br tu

t rvr. i dt udrtd wy ppl

vlt t rul. i tk ppl jut d

t wt t lt.

tm... i t pt, w ly trppd d w uld

ty t d ur mly, u d d

lt. But w, t u mqut t...

trr lyr t, ur prdut

ufrd drt dl...

T dtr mzd t w ppl u mqut

t t t . ev t xpl tt

t t r ly r dmt u, t prtt t

mqut bt, ppl dt rlly lt t m. Ty

tu t u tm t t mllr ...

i ddt t t u lr t, t

d rvr lvl v r, w mk vry

madagascar: voices of change

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